由于人口持续下降，日本驾校之间的竞争也日益激烈。为了争夺生源，日本驾校相继推出宝马练车、美甲，以及代看小孩等额外服务。

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Japanese driving schools are offering more than instruction behind the wheel, with Hawaiian massage and lessons in BMWs among the services available to compete for a dwindling number of potential students.

Japanese driving schools are offering more than instruction behind the wheel, with Hawaiian massage（按摩） and lessons in BMWs among the services available to compete for a dwindling（减少，缩小） number of potential students.

Like a broad spectrum³（广谱） of Japanese companies, driving schools are grappling with（扭打，努力克服） the country's shrinking population and a tightfisted（吝啬的） economic climate that have triggered fierce price competition.

"It's harder to get new customers compared with before," said Aki Takahashi, head of Tokyo's Musashi Sakai Driving School, noting that the number of people getting driver's licenses⁵ in the metropolis⁶（首府，大都市） has plunged⁷ by more than half in the past two decades while the number of schools hasn't changed much.

"We think price competition can't go any further so we're enhancing our service line-up," she told Reuters.

Students at Musashi Sakai, where over 5,000 graduate yearly, can choose from extra services includingmanicures, Hawaiian "lomilomi（按摩术） " with aromatherapy（芳香疗法） as well as other types of massage to relieve driving fatigue⁸（疲劳） - a female-friendly menu that's in line with（一致，符合） the school's business strategy.

"An environment that women feel comfortable entering is one where anyone can feel comfortable," Takahashi said. "Women are our main target."

Most customers are high school and university students looking to get their license⁴ near the minimum driving age of 18, but in a bid to target homemakers（主妇） , Musashi Sakai also offers free child care while parents are taking lessons.

Not to be outdone（胜过，优于） , rival Koyama Driving School's service range includes the use of BMWs for highway-driving lessons and Harley-Davidson motorcycles for bike classes.

Japan's population declined last year for the second straight year and is set to shrink by a third in 50 years if current trends continue.