临床试验参与者非裔仅占8%,美国医学种族主义令少数族裔对医疗系
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2023-07-06 02:55 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
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据雅虎新闻2月6日报道,美国在历史上实行“医学种族主义”的做法使得少数族裔不信任现有医疗体系,导致临床试验少数族裔样本不足。研究显示,占美国总人口13%的非裔仅占临床试验参与者的8%。此外,美国医疗卫生系统仍存在种族歧视,一些医生称,少数族裔很难获得参与临床试验的机会。
 
For decades, racial and ethnic1 minorities have been underrepresented in clinical trials even though they are disproportionately affected2 by several health issues such as diabetes3 and hypertension. According to the Robert A. Winn Diversity in Clinical Trials Award Program, 80% of individuals involved in clinical trials are white, compared to 58% in the U.S. population as a whole, which negatively affects the care that people of color receive.
几十年来,尽管美国少数族裔受糖尿病和高血压等多种健康问题的影响尤为严重,但他们在临床试验中的代表性仍不足。根据罗伯特·A·韦恩临床试验多样性奖励计划,参与临床试验的80%是白人,而白人在美国整体人口中占比为58%,这对有色人种接受治疗产生了不利影响。
“If you look nationally, the number of folk of color [in clinical trials] are minuscule,” said Dr. Robert Winn, director of the Virginia Commonwealth4 University Massey Cancer Center, to Yahoo News.
弗吉尼亚联邦大学梅西癌症中心主任罗伯特·韦恩博士告诉雅虎新闻:“如果在全美范围内看,(临床试验中)有色人种的数量是很少的。”
Studies estimate that Black Americans make up about 8% of participants in clinical trials but represent 13% of the U.S. population, and Hispanics account for 11% in trials, even though they are 16% of the national population.
研究估计,占美国总人口13%的非裔约占临床试验参与者的8%,占美国总人口16%的西班牙裔在临床试验中占11%。
“Not having that diversity in clinical trials prevents us from having information that can inform both patients, caregivers, and physicians around the appropriate medication that might be best for a particular patient,” Maria Apostolaros, a deputy vice5 president at PhRMA, a biopharmaceutical research company, told Yahoo News.
生物制药研究机构美国药品研究与制造商协会(PhRMA)副总裁玛丽亚·阿颇斯托拉罗斯表示:“临床试验缺乏种族多样性,我们就无法获得信息来告知患者、护理人员和医生可能最适合特定患者的药物。”
Experts say the lack of diversity in trials is due to “a mistrust of the medical system by many underrepresented minority populations in the United States, and there’s historical sort of events that have caused that,” John Damonti, the president of Bristol Myers Squibb Foundation, which focuses on health equity6, told Yahoo News.
专注于健康公平的百时美施贵宝基金会主席约翰·达蒙蒂告诉雅虎新闻,专家表示,临床试验缺乏多样性是因为“美国许多未被充分代表的少数族裔对医疗系统的不信任。这种情况是由历史原因导致的”。
The most notable instance of medical racism7 occurred in 1932 when doctors from the United States Public Health Service embarked8 on the Tuskegee Syphilis Study in which hundreds of Black men were used as subjects for experimentation9 and research.
1932年,美国公共卫生署的医生开始了塔斯基吉梅毒研究,引发了臭名昭著的医学种族主义事件,在这项研究中数百名黑人男性被当做实验体和研究对象。
“Tuskegee is just one really terrible example but there have been so many examples of these kinds of abuses and clinical research throughout the years, especially here in the United States,” Dr. Joshua Budhu, a neurologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, told Yahoo News.
纽约斯隆·凯特琳癌症中心的神经学家约书亚·布杜博士说告诉雅虎新闻:“塔斯基吉梅毒只是多年来众多骇人听闻的种族主义虐待和临床研究案例之一,尤其在美国还有很多。”
“Now that we are creating therapies and creating trials that would also benefit people of color, we still have this leftover10 mistrust,” Winn said.
韦恩说: “现在我们研究的治疗方法、进行的临床试验也会使有色人种受益,但不信任仍然存在”。
For racial and ethnic minorities discrimination in health care is a problem that still plagues our society today. Over 40% of African American, Native American and Latinos have experienced unfair treatment in the medical field, according to a 2021 study by the Brookings Institute.
对于少数族裔来说,医疗卫生系统的种族歧视是一个仍然困扰着美国社会的问题。根据布鲁金斯学会2021年的一项研究,超过40%的非裔美国人、美洲原住民和拉美裔美国人在医疗系统遭受过不公平待遇。
Along with a lack of trust, doctors say minorities have trouble getting access to clinical trials. “We’re actually depriving people of first-line therapy,” Budhu said. “One other kind of practical point about why clinical trial diversity is important is that it actually saves lots of money.”
除了缺乏信任,医生们表示少数族裔很难获得临床试验。布杜说:“我们实际上是在剥夺人们接受一线治疗的机会。另一种观点认为,临床试验多样性很重要,是因为实际上这样可以节省很多钱。”
A 2022 University of Southern California study found that clinical trials save lives and money. “Health disparities in general cost trillions of dollars, but just by improving clinical trial diversity, which helps to decrease health disparities, it will actually save billions of dollars,” Budhu said.
2022年南加州大学的一项研究发现,临床试验可以挽救生命和节省金钱。布杜说:“一般而言,医疗差距的缺口达数万亿美元,通过提高临床试验多样性有助于缩小医疗差距,实际上这样能节省数十亿美元的治疗费用。”


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 ethnic jiAz3     
adj.人种的,种族的,异教徒的
参考例句:
  • This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏,这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
  • The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。
2 affected TzUzg0     
adj.不自然的,假装的
参考例句:
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
3 diabetes uPnzu     
n.糖尿病
参考例句:
  • In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者,医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
  • Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。
4 commonwealth XXzyp     
n.共和国,联邦,共同体
参考例句:
  • He is the chairman of the commonwealth of artists.他是艺术家协会的主席。
  • Most of the members of the Commonwealth are nonwhite.英联邦的许多成员国不是白人国家。
5 vice NU0zQ     
n.坏事;恶习;[pl.]台钳,老虎钳;adj.副的
参考例句:
  • He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
  • They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。
6 equity ji8zp     
n.公正,公平,(无固定利息的)股票
参考例句:
  • They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。
  • To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值,墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。
7 racism pSIxZ     
n.民族主义;种族歧视(意识)
参考例句:
  • He said that racism is endemic in this country.他说种族主义在该国很普遍。
  • Racism causes political instability and violence.种族主义道致政治动荡和暴力事件。
8 embarked e63154942be4f2a5c3c51f6b865db3de     
乘船( embark的过去式和过去分词 ); 装载; 从事
参考例句:
  • We stood on the pier and watched as they embarked. 我们站在突码头上目送他们登船。
  • She embarked on a discourse about the town's origins. 她开始讲本市的起源。
9 experimentation rm6x1     
n.实验,试验,实验法
参考例句:
  • Many people object to experimentation on animals.许多人反对用动物做实验。
  • Study and analysis are likely to be far cheaper than experimentation.研究和分析的费用可能要比实验少得多。
10 leftover V97zC     
n.剩货,残留物,剩饭;adj.残余的
参考例句:
  • These narrow roads are a leftover from the days of horse-drawn carriages.这些小道是从马车时代沿用下来的。
  • Wonder if that bakery lets us take leftover home.不知道那家糕饼店会不会让我们把卖剩的带回家。
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