A senior adviser¹ to former US President George W Bush has defended tough interrogation techniques, saying their use helped prevent terrorist attacks.

美国前总统布什的一位高级顾问为冷酷的审讯方式进行辩护，称这样做阻止了恐怖分子袭击。

In a BBC interview, Karl Rove, who was known as "Bush's brain", said he "was proud we used techniques that broke the will of these terrorists".

He said waterboarding（水刑） , which simulates（模仿，假装） drowning, should not be considered torture（拷问，折磨） .

In 2009, President Barack Obama banned waterboarding as a form of torture.

But the practice was sanctioned（制裁，处罚） in written memos² by Bush administration lawyers in August 2002, providing legal cover for its use.

In 2008, CIA head Michael Hayden told Congress it had only been used on three high-profile al-Qaeda detainees, and not for the past five years.

One of those was Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, a key suspect in the 9/11 attacks.

Mr Rove said US soldiers were subjected to waterboarding as a regular part of their training.

A less severe form of the technique was used on the three suspects interrogated³（审问，质问） at the US military prison at Guantanamo Bay, he added.

"I'm proud that we used techniques that broke the will of these terrorists and gave us valuable information that allowed us to foil（挫败，阻止） plots such as flying aeroplanes into Heathrow and into London, bringing down aircraft over the Pacific, flying an aeroplane into the tallest building in Los Angeles and other plots," Mr Rove told the BBC.

"Yes, I'm proud that we kept the world safer than it was, by the use of these techniques. They're appropriate, they're in conformity⁴ with（与……相符） our international requirements and with US law."

Mr Rove has just written a memoir⁵, Courage and Consequence, in which he defends the two terms of the Bush administration as "impressive, durable⁶ and significant".