春暖花开，万物……阿嚏！本是一年好时节，奈何不少人却因“闻花打喷嚏、流鼻涕”而无法感受“春色满园关不住”的愉悦。

 

目前全国正处在春季的花粉季。每到此时，各家医院的耳鼻喉科室都会挤满了过敏性鼻炎患者。近年，我国过敏性疾病发病率呈现逐年升高的趋势。

 

Every spring, when the pollen¹ concentration rises, the nose and throat departments of hospitals will be packed. Incidence of the allergic² diseases has been growing in China in recent years. Incidence of allergic rhinitis, which used to be widespread in some developed Western countries only, also began to prevail in China.

每年春天，花粉浓度上升时，医院的鼻咽喉科就会挤满了人。近年来，我国过敏性疾病的发病率呈上升趋势。过敏性鼻炎以前只在一些西方发达国家普遍流行，现在其发病率在我国也开始升高。

 

研究显示，我国过敏性鼻炎患病率达18%，估计患病人群超过2.5亿，尤其在儿童和青壮年中发病较多。

 

通过对全国几万病例进行分析，北京同仁医院院长、国家卫健委变态反应科临床重点专科负责人张罗教授团队的研究显示，花粉是导致我国过敏性鼻炎的主要室外过敏原。

 

In Beijing, for example, the most common allergenic pollens³ in spring include those from the large-fruited elm tree, Cathay poplar, ash, acacia and white birch.

以北京为例，春季最常见的致敏花粉包括榆树、杨树、白蜡、合欢树和白桦的花粉。

 

Allergic rhinitis is caused by both the external environment — which includes air pollution and pollen — and internal factors, in which heredity and an individual’s immune system come into play. Besides nose-related symptoms, it can also lead to lung disease, asthma⁴, insomnia⁵, anxiety and depression if not controlled properly, according to experts.

过敏由外部环境比如空气污染、花粉浓度等，以及内部环境如遗传和自身免疫系统因素引起。专家表示，除了鼻部症状，如控制不当，过敏还可能引发肺部疾病、哮喘、失眠、焦虑、抑郁。

 

It is still a global challenge because the pathogenesis is unclear and current treatments cannot delay progression of the disease. In addition, most allergens are closely linked to human living environments and are impossible to simply wipe out. And most treatment methods can only control symptoms.

过敏性疾病在全球仍然是一个难以攻克的难题，因为它的发病机制尚不清楚，目前的治疗方法不能延缓疾病的进展。此外，大多数过敏原与人类生活环境密切相关，不可能简单地根除。而大多数治疗方法只能控制症状。

 

Zhang suggested enhancing medical research, raising public awareness⁶ and making current treatment methods accessible to more people. It will also help to place allergic rhinitis under the national chronic⁷ disease supervision⁸, prevention and treatment system, as well as planting flowers, trees and grass that induce fewer allergic reactions in city landscaping, he said.

张罗建议加强医学研究，提高公众意识，让更多的人了解目前的治疗方法。他也呼吁，将过敏性鼻炎纳入国家慢病监控和防治体系当中，并且在城市绿化中选取引起过敏反应少的花草树木进行种植。

 

“现阶段，多数治疗过敏的药物已经纳入医保，说明对于患者的关爱和照顾在基础层面上是做的很不错的。”他说。“对个人来讲，找到过敏原，并避免接触过敏原，是最有效的方法。比如对蒿粉植物过敏，春秋季节就不要去内蒙古草原地区骑马了。”

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