The research, carried out at Queen Mary, University of London and the London School of Hygiene¹ & Tropical Medicine, showed our hands are therefore dirtier than we might think.

 

More than a quarter (26 percent) of hands sampled showed traces of faecal（排泄物的） contamination including bacteria such as E.coli, the study found.

 

And we may be making ourselves ill as a result. A further survey of the 272 participants revealed only 39 percent washed their hands before eating.

 

The vast majority (91 percent) of respondents also stated that they washed their hands after using the toilet, although the levels of faecal organisms contaminating the cards and currency suggested otherwise, researchers said.

 

Washing hands with soap can reduce diarrhoeal（腹泻的） infections by up to 42 percent but only 69 percent of people reported doing this whenever possible.

 

Dr Ron Cutler, who led the research at Queen Mary, said: 'Our analysis revealed that by handling cards and money each day we are coming into contact with some potential pathogens revealing faecal contamination including E. coli and Staphylococci.

 

'People may tell us they wash their hands but the research shows us different, and highlights just how easily transferable these pathogens are, surviving on our money and cards.'

 

Dr Val Curtis, from London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, said: 'Our research shows just how important handwashing is - the surprising levels of contamination that we found on everyday objects is a sign that people are forgetting to wash their hands after the toilet, one of the key moments for infection prevention.'

 

Nick Wilcher, marketing² manager of Radox, who funded the study to raise awareness³ of Global Handwashing Day, said: 'Our research highlights just how much bacteria we are exposed to in our everyday lives, on objects such as money and cards.

 

'We hope this study makes people think twice and encourages people to wash their hands after going to the toilet and before eating.'

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