The World Cup, global warming and the credit crunch¹ have all inspired the latest additions to the English language.

世界杯、全球变暖和信贷危机催生了一批新的英语词汇。

The vuvuzela, the horn instrument which provided the soundtrack to this summer's football extravaganza（盛典，娱乐表演） in South Africa, is one new entry in the Oxford² Dictionary of English, which is based on how language is really used.

The battle to deal with climate change has given us carbon capture and storage - the process of trapping and storing carbon dioxide produced by burning fossil fuels（矿物燃料） - and geo-engineering - manipulation of environmental processes in an attempt to（力图，试图） counteract³ the effects of global warming.

The credit crunch（信贷危机） has introduced toxic⁴ debt to the language - debt with a high risk of default - and quantitative⁵ easing - the pumping of new money into the national supply by a central bank.

Cyberspace⁶ produces a constant supply of words and phrases. The dictionary now offers social media - websites and applications used for social networking - and microblogging, or posting short entries on a blog.

In all there are more than 2,000 new items in the third edition of the dictionary, which was originally published in 1998.

Other new entries are :

* wardrobe malfunction⁷（故障，失灵） : when someone exposes an intimate part of their body after clothing slips;

* chill pill: a notional pill to make someone calm;

* bromance: a close but non-sexual relationship between two men;

* LBD (little black dress): This refers to the simple evening or cocktail⁸ dress（酒会礼服） that, it is claimed, should be part of every womans wardrobe;

* frenemy: a person that one is friendly with despite a fundamental dislike.