10个关于诺贝尔奖的冷知识
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2021-10-12 11:52 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
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2021年诺贝尔奖10月4日至11日陆续公布。提起诺贝尔奖,相信大家一定都不陌生。作为目前世界范围内科学和文学领域的最高奖项,诺贝尔奖从1901年首次颁发以来,已经有120年的历史。你知道诺贝尔奖的由来吗?诺贝尔奖共设有几个类别?诺贝尔奖的奖金是如何分配的?下面10个关于诺贝尔奖的冷知识让你更懂这个奖项。
 
1. A MISTAKEN OBITUARY1 GAVE ALFRED NOBEL THE IDEA FOR THE PRIZES.
一篇错误的讣告让阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔萌生创立诺贝尔奖的想法。
 
The story goes that Alfred Nobel was inspired to establish his awards in 1864 after a French newspaper mistakenly ran his obituary, called "The merchant of death is dead." Nobel didn't want that to be his legacy2, and began thinking of more productive ways to be remembered for posterity3. (The obituary was supposed to be for Nobel's younger brother Emil, who died while experimenting with nitroglycerine in their father's factory.)
1864年一家法国报纸错误地刊登了阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔的讣告,题为《死亡商人去世》,据说他因此受到启发而设立了诺贝尔奖。诺贝尔不希望死后仅留下一篇讣告,并开始思考如何能让子孙后代铭记自己的方法。(这篇讣告本来是诺贝尔的弟弟埃米尔的,他在父亲的工厂用硝化甘油做实验时去世。)
 
The Nobel Prizes are announced in October and awarded December 10 each year, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel's actual death. He died of a stroke at the age of 63 in 1896.
诺贝尔奖于每年10月公布,12月10日颁发,也就是阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔逝世的日子。1896年,诺贝尔因中风逝世,享年63岁。
 
2. ONE OF THE NOBEL PRIZE CEREMONIES TAKES PLACE IN NORWAY.
其中一个诺贝尔奖的颁奖典礼在挪威举行。
 
The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded in Oslo and presented by the chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, while the other Nobel Prizes are awarded in Stockholm and presented by the King of Sweden. Alfred Nobel planned it that way in his will:
诺贝尔和平奖在奥斯陆由挪威诺贝尔委员会主席颁发,其他诺贝尔奖在斯德哥尔摩由瑞典国王颁发。阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔在他的遗嘱中就是这样规划的:
 
"The prizes for physics and chemistry shall be awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences; that for physiological4 or medical works by the Caroline Institute in Stockholm; that for literature by the Academy in Stockholm; and that for champions of peace by a committee of five persons to be elected by the Norwegian Storting.
“物理和化学奖由瑞典科学院颁发;生理或医学奖由斯德哥尔摩卡罗琳研究所颁发;文学奖由斯德哥尔摩科学院颁发;和平卫士奖由挪威议会选举的五人委员会颁发。”
 
3. THERE'S NO NOBEL PRIZE FOR ECONOMICS.
没有“诺贝尔经济学奖”
 
Notice that Nobel didn't mention economics in his will: that's because the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences is not a "Nobel Prize." It's technically5 the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. Sweden's central bank created the endowment in 1968.
请注意,诺贝尔在他的遗嘱中没有提到经济学:那是因为诺贝尔经济学奖不是“诺贝尔奖”。严格来说,这个奖项是瑞典银行为纪念阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔而颁发的经济学奖。瑞典中央银行在1968年创立了该基金会。
 
4. THE NOBEL PRIZES COME WITH CASH.
诺贝尔奖奖金发现金
 
Nobel Prize winners take home a diploma, a gold medal, and some cold, hard cash. In 2019, winners of "full Nobel Prizes" are awarded 9 million Swedish kroner, or almost $910,000.
诺贝尔奖获得者可以获得一张证书、一枚奖牌和一些实实在在的现金。2019年,所有诺贝尔奖获得者都获得900万瑞典克朗,约合人民币586万元。
 
注:2020年诺贝尔奖奖金增加至1000万瑞典克朗(约709万元)。
 
5. ORGANIZATIONS CAN WIN THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZE.
机构组织可以获得诺贝尔和平奖
 
Only individuals can be nominated for the Nobel Prizes in medicine, chemistry, literature, and physics, as well as the economics prize. Recent organizations that have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize include the International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (2017), the European Union (2012), and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007).
只有个人才能获得诺贝尔医学奖、化学奖、文学奖、物理学奖和经济学奖提名。最近获得诺贝尔和平奖的组织包括国际废除核武器运动(2017年)、欧盟(2012年)和联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(2007年).
 
6. UP TO THREE INDIVIDUALS CAN WIN EACH NOBEL PRIZE.
每项诺贝尔奖最多可有三位获奖者
 
For teams larger than three, the committee will choose who gets left out. If two people win, the prize money is split equally. If three people win, the awarding committee chooses how to divide the prize.
对于三人以上的团队,委员会将决定谁被排除在外。如果两人获奖,奖金将平均分配。如果三人获奖,颁奖委员会将决定如何分配奖金。
 
7. PEOPLE DON'T KNOW WHEN THEY'VE BEEN NOMINATED.
人们不知道自己什么时候被提名过。
 
Nobel Prize nomination6 records are kept sealed for 50 years after the award is given. Winners don't know they're nominated until they win.
诺贝尔奖的提名记录在颁奖后被封存50年。获奖者在获奖之前不知道自己被提名了。
 
8. THERE ARE NO POSTHUMOUS7 NOBEL PRIZE NOMINATIONS8.
没有人在去世后获得诺贝尔奖
 
Eleanor Roosevelt, James Joyce, Mahatma Gandhi, and many others will never be able to bask9 in the Nobel spotlight10. Gandhi was this close to winning: he'd been nominated a number of times and had just been nominated a third time days before his 1948 assassination11. Geir Lundestad, a former director of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, called Gandhi's absence from the list of Nobel laureates "the greatest omission12" in the prize's history.
埃莉诺·罗斯福、詹姆斯·乔伊斯、圣雄甘地和其他许多人永远无法获得诺贝尔奖了。甘地差一点就获奖,他曾多次获得提名,在1948年遇刺前几天,他刚刚获得第三次诺贝尔奖提名。挪威诺贝尔委员会前主任盖尔·伦德斯塔德称,甘地没有得奖是诺贝尔奖历史上“最大的疏忽”。
 
9. ALFRED NOBEL ORIGINALLY INTENDED TO GIVE AWARDS FOR WORK FROM THE PRECEDING YEAR.
阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔最初打算为前一年的成果颁奖。
 
That criteria13 occasionally meant honoring ideas in the sciences that weren't sufficiently14 tested or investigated. Case in point: Johannes Fibiger's 1926 discovery that parasitic15 worms allegedly caused cancer in rats. (They don't.) Now most scientific discoveries and innovations are honored after they've stood the test of time.
这一标准有时意味着尊重科学中未经充分检验或调查的观点。例如,约翰·菲比格在1926年发现寄生蠕虫会导致大鼠患癌症(事实并非如此)。现在,大多数科学发现和创新都是在经受了时间的考验后被人们接受的。
 
10. EVENING WEAR IS A MUST FOR NOBEL LAUREATES.
诺贝尔奖获得者必须穿晚礼服。
 
Nobel laureates are required to give a public lecture within six months of accepting their award. Most of them fulfill16 the obligation during Nobel Week in Stockholm. Then, at the end of the week, they get to party. The Nobel banquet includes live music, a three-course dinner, dancing, and a strict dress code. Men must wear white tie, consisting of "a black tailcoat with silk facings, sharply cut away at the front; black trousers with two rows of braid down each leg, white stiff-fronted shirt, white stiff wing collar attached to the shirt with collar studs, white bow tie, white low-cut waistcoat, black dress socks and black formal shoes." Women have it a little easier, with no restrictions17 on the color or design of their evening gowns. Long gloves and a shawl are optional.
诺贝尔奖获得者需要在领奖后六个月内发表公开演讲。他们中的大多数人在斯德哥尔摩的诺贝尔周期间履行这项义务,然后在周末参加聚会。诺贝尔晚宴包括现场音乐表演、三道菜的晚餐、舞会,晚宴对着装也有严格要求。男性必须穿着白领结晚礼服,包括一件丝绸领口、正面裁短的黑色燕尾服;每只裤腿有两排穗带的黑色裤子,白色硬领衬衫和领扣,白色领结,白色低开领马甲,黑色正装袜和黑色正装鞋。女性着装要求更简单些,不受颜色或设计的限制。长手套和披肩可戴可不戴。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 obituary mvvy9     
n.讣告,死亡公告;adj.死亡的
参考例句:
  • The obituary records the whole life of the deceased.讣文记述了这位死者的生平。
  • Five days after the letter came,he found Andersen s obituary in the morning paper.收到那封信五天后,他在早报上发现了安德森的讣告。
2 legacy 59YzD     
n.遗产,遗赠;先人(或过去)留下的东西
参考例句:
  • They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
  • He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。
3 posterity D1Lzn     
n.后裔,子孙,后代
参考例句:
  • Few of his works will go down to posterity.他的作品没有几件会流传到后世。
  • The names of those who died are recorded for posterity on a tablet at the back of the church.死者姓名都刻在教堂后面的一块石匾上以便后人铭记。
4 physiological aAvyK     
adj.生理学的,生理学上的
参考例句:
  • He bought a physiological book.他买了一本生理学方面的书。
  • Every individual has a physiological requirement for each nutrient.每个人对每种营养成分都有一种生理上的需要。
5 technically wqYwV     
adv.专门地,技术上地
参考例句:
  • Technically it is the most advanced equipment ever.从技术上说,这是最先进的设备。
  • The tomato is technically a fruit,although it is eaten as a vegetable.严格地说,西红柿是一种水果,尽管它是当作蔬菜吃的。
6 nomination BHMxw     
n.提名,任命,提名权
参考例句:
  • John is favourite to get the nomination for club president.约翰最有希望被提名为俱乐部主席。
  • Few people pronounced for his nomination.很少人表示赞成他的提名。
7 posthumous w1Ezl     
adj.遗腹的;父亡后出生的;死后的,身后的
参考例句:
  • He received a posthumous award for bravery.他表现勇敢,死后受到了嘉奖。
  • The legendary actor received a posthumous achievement award.这位传奇男星在过世后获得终身成就奖的肯定。
8 nominations b4802078efbd3da66d5889789cd2e9ca     
n.提名,任命( nomination的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Nominations are invited for the post of party chairman. 为党主席职位征集候选人。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Much coverage surrounded his abortive bids for the 1960,1964, and 1968 Republican Presidential nominations. 许多消息报道都围绕着1960年、1964年和1968年他为争取提名为共和党总统候选人所做努力的失败。 来自辞典例句
9 bask huazK     
vt.取暖,晒太阳,沐浴于
参考例句:
  • Turtles like to bask in the sun.海龟喜欢曝于阳光中。
  • In winter afternoons,he likes to bask in the sun in his courtyard.冬日的午后,他喜欢坐在院子晒太阳。
10 spotlight 6hBzmk     
n.公众注意的中心,聚光灯,探照灯,视听,注意,醒目
参考例句:
  • This week the spotlight is on the world of fashion.本周引人瞩目的是时装界。
  • The spotlight followed her round the stage.聚光灯的光圈随着她在舞台上转。
11 assassination BObyy     
n.暗杀;暗杀事件
参考例句:
  • The assassination of the president brought matters to a head.总统遭暗杀使事态到了严重关头。
  • Lincoln's assassination in 1865 shocked the whole nation.1865年,林肯遇刺事件震惊全美国。
12 omission mjcyS     
n.省略,删节;遗漏或省略的事物,冗长
参考例句:
  • The omission of the girls was unfair.把女孩排除在外是不公平的。
  • The omission of this chapter from the third edition was a gross oversight.第三版漏印这一章是个大疏忽。
13 criteria vafyC     
n.标准
参考例句:
  • The main criterion is value for money.主要的标准是钱要用得划算。
  • There are strict criteria for inclusion in the competition.参赛的标准很严格。
14 sufficiently 0htzMB     
adv.足够地,充分地
参考例句:
  • It turned out he had not insured the house sufficiently.原来他没有给房屋投足保险。
  • The new policy was sufficiently elastic to accommodate both views.新政策充分灵活地适用两种观点。
15 parasitic 7Lbxx     
adj.寄生的
参考例句:
  • Will global warming mean the spread of tropical parasitic diseases?全球变暖是否意味着热带寄生虫病会蔓延呢?
  • By definition,this way of life is parasitic.从其含义来说,这是种寄生虫的生活方式。
16 fulfill Qhbxg     
vt.履行,实现,完成;满足,使满意
参考例句:
  • If you make a promise you should fulfill it.如果你许诺了,你就要履行你的诺言。
  • This company should be able to fulfill our requirements.这家公司应该能够满足我们的要求。
17 restrictions 81e12dac658cfd4c590486dd6f7523cf     
约束( restriction的名词复数 ); 管制; 制约因素; 带限制性的条件(或规则)
参考例句:
  • I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
  • a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制
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