Tough rules for the eurozone, aimed at averting¹ another financial crisis, have been agreed at an EU leaders' summit.

欧盟领导人峰会通过多项旨在避免另一场金融危机的艰苦规则。

The leaders agreed to a permanent fund to help the euro in times of crisis, and to laws giving the EU the power to check national budgets.

EU officials said the eurozone had almost collapsed² earlier this year because it lacked such a mechanism³.

Germany wants limited changes to the EU treaty to reinforce the changes, but is facing resistance from other countries.

Meanwhile, UK Prime Minister David Cameron won backing for his battle against a 5.9% rise in the EU budget.

Germany and France were among 10 nations supporting Mr Cameron's attempt to limit the budget increase to 2.9% - a rise that would still cost UK taxpayers⁴ roughly £435m (500m euros).

The meeting will conclude later on Friday.

Treaty question

The BBC's Jonty Bloom, in Brussels, says the new eurozone rules are designed to force a country to put its house in order long before its economic problems threaten the eurozone.

Herman Van Rompuy, the president of the EU Council, hailed（致敬，欢迎） the summit's achievements, saying: "Today we took important decisions to strengthen the eurozone.

"We recommend a robust⁵ and credible⁶ permanent crisis-resolution mechanism to safeguard the financial stability of the eurozone as a whole."

Under the new rules, EU officials will warn governments about property and speculative⁷（投机的，推测的） bubbles, and will be able to impose stringent⁸（严厉的，迫切的） fines on countries that borrow and spend too much.

The permanent crisis fund will replace a temporary one, worth 440bn euros, created earlier this year to bail⁹ out（救援，跳伞） Greece and support the euro.

But Germany has argued that the Lisbon Treaty will have to be amended¹⁰ to make the emergency fund permanent.

The current treaty contains a clause（条款，子句） banning members from bailing¹¹ each other out.

"Everybody agreed that there must be a permanent crisis mechanism, and everybody agreed that this must be formed by the member states," said German Chancellor¹² Angela Merkel.

"Everybody therefore agreed that this will require a limited treaty change."

It took almost a decade of hard negotiations¹³ and arduous¹⁴（费力的，辛勤的） referendums（投票，公投） around the EU to ratify¹⁵（批准） the Lisbon Treaty, and many states are reluctant to make a move which could trigger a similar process.

Mr Van Rompuy has been tasked with finding out whether the fund can be set up without each of the 27 member states having to ratify the treaty all over again.

The UK says a mechanism to ensure stability in the eurozone is desirable - and that the planned sanctions（制裁，处罚） would not apply to the UK.

But all 27 member states' budgets will come under close scrutiny¹⁶ in a "peer review" process.

There would be progressive sanctions on countries which overshot the maximum debt level allowed under the EU's Stability and Growth Pact¹⁷ (SGP), which is 60% of GDP.

Sanctions would kick in earlier than is the case under the current SGP, enabling the EU to take preventive action, for example against a country with an unsustainable housing bubble, or with unsustainable debt that undermines its competitiveness.