The Organic Ethnologist of Algeriani Migration_英语论文范文

The Organic Ethnologist of Algeriani Migration

文章来源：文章作者：发布时间：2007-05-07 02:46 字体： [大中小]　进入论坛

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Adelmalek Sayad passed away two years ago at this writing, leaving behind him one of the most original and fertile contributions to the anthropology¹ of immigration of the past century. Throughout his voluminous and varied³ writings ?close to a hundred publications, including eight books spanning the destruction of Algeria's traditional peasantry at the hands of French colonialism, the dynamics⁴ of migration² chains from Kabylia to France, the impact of decolonization on the reception of Algerian workers in Marseilles, the odyssey⁵ of those workers and their children through the layers and institutions of French society, the social uses and political abuses of "immigrant culture," and the everyday life of Algerian slums on the Parisian periphery⁶ during the fifties, all informed by an acute awareness⁷ of the political-economic roots and import of human transhumance1- the Algerian sociologist⁸ both elaborated and demonstrated the potency¹⁰ of three pivotal principles for the study of migration. The first is the simple but fundamental proposition, whose implications remain to be fully¹¹ drawn¹² out by scholars and policy makers¹³ alike, that before he or she becomes an immigrant, the migrant is always first an emigrant¹⁴, and that the sociology of migration must therefore imperatively¹⁵ start, not from the concerns and cleavages of the receiving society, but from the sending communities, their history, structure, and contradictions. The common contraction¹⁶ of the emigration-immigration doublet to its second component¹⁷ mutilates the phenomenon and entraps¹⁸ the study of migrants into an artificial problematic of "lack" and deficiency explained away by ritualized references, now to their lower class composition and substandard conditions of living, now to the peculiarities²⁰ of the culture they have brought with them.2Resisting such ethnocentric imposition, the sociology of migration must take as its object not the "problems" that migrants pose for the advanced societies which attract them, in matters of employment, housing, schooling²¹ and health, but the dynamic "relationship between the system of dispositions²² of emigrants²³ and the ensemble²⁴ of mechanisms²⁵ to which they are subjected owing to this emigration" (Sayad 1These books are respectively (in English titles): The Uprooting²⁶: The Crisis of Traditional Agriculture in Algeria (Bourdieu and Sayad 1964), Algerian Immigration in France (Gillette and Sayad 1976), The Social Uses of the Culture of Immigrants (Sayad 1978), Towards a Sociology of Immigration (Sayad and Fassa 1982), Migrating - A History of Marseilles: The Shock of Decolonization (Temime, Jordi and Sayad 1991), Immigration, or the Paradoxes²⁷ of Otherness (Sayad 1991), and An Algerian Nanterre, Land of Slums (Sayad with Dupuy 1995). The culmination²⁸ and quintessence of Sayad's five decades of incessant²⁹ research is Double Absence: From the Illusions of the Emigrant to the Suffering of the Immigrant (Sayad 1999). 2A rare and remarkable³⁰ exception to this pattern, deserving of a wide readership for its multi-level, comparative, and interdisciplinary approach, is Massey, Durand and Alarcon (1987). Recent work on "transnational communities" has fostered a belated if limited recognition of the double-sidedness and dual³¹ determinacy of migration (see the special issue of Ethnic³² and Racial Studies on the topic edited by Portes, Guarnizo and Landolt 1999, and Portes 1999).

Which necessitates³³ that one reconstitutes the complete trajectory³⁴ of the individuals, households and groups involved in the peregrination³⁵ under examination, in order to uncover the full system of determinants that first triggered exile and later continued, under new guises³⁶, to govern the differentiated³⁷ paths they followed. Recognizing that "immigration here and emigration there are the two indisassociable sides of the same reality, which cannot be explained the one without the other" (Sayad 1999a: 15) enables Sayad to revoke³⁸, both empirically and theoretically, the canonical⁴⁰ opposition⁴¹ between "labor⁹ migration" and "settlement migration." The former always contains the latter in nuce and always eventuates in it: the individual departure of wage-seeking men gradually saps the "work of prevention and preservation⁴³" whereby the group seeks to maintain moral control over its members, and sooner or later the latter "abandons itself to family migration," which further accelerates the erosion of group boundaries.3Relinking emigration and immigration points also to the second pillar-proposition anchoring Abdelmalek Sayad's work: that migration is the product and expression of an historical relation of inter-national domination, at once material and symbolic⁴⁴. Immigration is a "relation from state to state" but one that is "denied as such in everyday reality" no less than in the political field (Sayad 1991: 267), so that its management may fall within the sovereign province of the receiving society alone, of its laws, administrative⁴⁵ rules and bureaucratic⁴⁶ dictates⁴⁷, and be treated as the "domestic" issue which it is not. Sayad (1979) shows, in the paradigmatic case of France and Algeria in the post-colonial and post-Fordist era after the flow of "migrant laborers⁴⁹" has been officially stopped, that the "negotiations⁵⁰" between countries that lead to international conventions and regulations concerning immigration are "bilateral⁵¹ transactions" in name only since the dominant⁵² economic power and former colonial ruler is in a structural⁵³ position to impose unilaterally the terms, goals, and means of these agreements.4But there is more: every migrant carries this repressed relation of power between states within himself or her self and unwittingly recapitulates⁵⁴ and reenacts it in her personal strategies and experiences. Thus the most fleeting⁵⁵ encounter between an Algerian worker and his French boss in Lyon - or a Surinamese-born child and his schoolteacher in Rotterdam, a Jamaican mother and her social worker in London, an Ethiopian elderly and his landlord in Naples - is fraught⁵⁶ with the whole baggage of past intercourse⁵⁷ between the imperial metropole and its erstwhile colony. The relation of the emigrant to his homeland is likewise invisibly over-determined⁵⁸ by decades of conflictual and asymmetric⁵⁹ relations between the two countries he links: the "suspicion of treason, even of apostasy⁶⁰" that enshrouds him there (Sayad 1999a: 171) finds its root in the fact that emigration has shaken the very foundations of the social order, on the one hand, by corroding⁶¹ the established frontiers between groups in the sending society and, on the other, by affording the migrant and his kin⁴² an accelerated path of mobility⁶² but in an allochtonous hierarchy⁶³, one devoid⁶⁴ of legitimacy⁶⁵ in the moral and cultural codes of the originating community.53Sayad (1999a: 422-424) points out that, however virulent⁶⁶ they may be in the society of immigration, the reactions of protest and opposition to migration are initially⁶⁷ even stronger among the emigrating community, so strong indeed that they often make nativist and xenophobic resistance to foreigners in the receiving country superfluous⁶⁸. 4The same is true, mutatis mutandis , for the United States with Mexico and the Caribbean, or Germany with Turkey, Spain with Morocco, Japan with Korea, etc. 5This explains why public accusations⁶⁹ against emigration typically "aim primarily and more violently at the emigrated female population and, more precisely⁷⁰, at the bodies of women," perceived as the ultimate repository and vector of the values of the group (Sayad 1984).

3A third proposition animates⁷¹ Sayad's tireless inquiries⁷²: like other key processes of group making and unmaking, migration has for requisite⁷³ collective dissimulation⁷⁴ and social duplicity. Emigration, and later immigration, operates in the way it does only to the extent that it continually mystifies and misrecognizes itself for what it is - or, to put it more precisely, the magical denegation (Verneinung) of the objective reality of migration is part and parcel of its full objectivity, its "double truth." Thus, throughout the twentieth century, the French authorities, Algerian society, and the migrants themselves colluded in concocting⁷⁵ a triple lie that allowed all three to justify⁷⁶ to themselves the trek⁷⁷ of millions of peasants from the Maghrib to the hexagon: that migration was provisional and transitory, that it was determined solely⁷⁸ by the quest for labor ("I came here to work so I drown myself in work," intones a Kabyle factory hand), and that it was politically neutral and without civic⁷⁹ consequence on either side of the Mediterranean⁸⁰ (Sayad 1991: 17-18). All three of these beliefs were glaringly and continually disputed, if not refuted, by social reality, yet none of the parties to the Algerian migration was willing to face that reality. Emigration is never an "export of raw labor power and nothing more" (Sayad 1999a: 20) because, as a "total social fact" in Marcel Mauss's (1990) sense of the term, it disrupts the whole array of institutions that make up the originating society. Conversely, at the other end, immigrant workers are but exceptionally "birds of passage," to recall Michael Piore's (1977) well-known book, for they too are changed in and by migration: they become irrevocably distanced and dis-located from their originating milieu⁸¹, losing a place in their native circle of honor without securing one in their new setting; they acquire this false and disjointed "double-consciousness"6that is source of both succor⁸² and pain; they are consumed by doubt, guilt⁸³ and self-accusation, worn down by an "unjust and uncertain" battle with their own children, these "sociological bastards⁸⁴" who personify the horrifying⁸⁵ impossibility of the "return home" (Sayad 1988). A retired⁸⁶ Algerian laborer⁴⁸ settled in a working-class banlieue of Paris puts it pithily⁸⁷: France, I'm gonna tell you, is a low-life woman, like a whore. Without you know it, she encircles you, she takes to seducing⁸⁸ you until you've fallen for her and then she sucks your blood, she makes you wait on her hand and foot. (...) She is a sorceress. She has taken so many men with her... she has a way of keeping you a prisoner. Yes, she is a prison, a prison from which you cannot get out, a prison for life.

This is a curse. (...) Now I have no more reason to return [to my home village in Algeria]. I have nothing left to do there. It no longer interests me. Everything has changed. Things no longer have the same meaning. You no longer know why you are here in France, of what use you are. There is no more order. (cited in Sayad 1991: 126-127, 137) A corollary of these three analytic⁸⁹ principles is that the sociology of migration must be reflexive, turned back onto its own conditions of possibility and effectivity. It must include a social history not only of the double-sided fact of emigration-immigration but also of the lay and scholarly discourses⁹⁰ that swirl⁹¹ about this fact in the two societies involved. For the collective perception of migration, its symbolic elaboration and its political construction (of which social science partakes every time it takes over the presuppositions of the official viewpoint) are an integral constituent⁹² of its objective reality. Sayad inspects the loaded semantics that have governed the framing of the question of North African entry into France since World War II, 6Here the writings of Sayad evoke³⁹ strongly those of W.E.B. DuBois. Compare, for instance, his discussion of the "sociological doubling-up" of the emigrant, who "bears within himself, as a product of his history, in the manner of the colonized⁹³, a two-fold and contradictory⁹⁴ system of references" in his brilliant essay "The Illegitimate Children" (Sayad 1977) and DuBois's (1903) classic analysis of the "two-ness" or "double-consciousness" of African Americans in the United States in The Souls of Black Folks.

4From "adaptation" (to the requirements of industrial labor) and "assimilation" (to the Republican national culture) to "insertion" and "integration⁹⁶" (into the social fabric⁹⁷ and institutions of the society of settlement), to reveal that discourses on immigration are always performative discourses which help effect the wondrous⁹⁸ social alchemy whereby a "foreigner" is made into a "national" (Sayad 1987 and 1994). All this Sayad knew or discovered because he was more than a scholar of immigration: he was the phenomenon itself. As a native son of the province of Sidi A颿h, in the Little Kabylia mountains, who had risen to the rank of primary school teacher before receiving his training in philosophy, psychology⁹⁹ and sociology at the universities of Algiers and Paris during the war of national liberation and who then became a Research director at the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), the brute¹⁰⁰ facts of imperial oppression, chain migration, community dislocation and fractured acculturation were constantly with him because they were within him: they were his entrails, his eyes, his soul.7Yet he faced them with a moral intrepidity¹⁰¹ and an intellectual deftness¹⁰² that astonish the reader who knew him, his history, and that of his people - on both sides of the Mediterranean - and that cannot but impress even those who do not. For forty-some years, Sayad was present in the field, in his home village of Kabylia, in the military "relocation settlements" of the Ouarsenis and Collo regions, in the slums of Constantine and the bazaars¹⁰³ of Algiers, and later still in the social housing estates of Saint-Denis, Nanterre, and Villeurbanne.

There, he displayed all these personal virtues¹⁰⁴ of which textbooks of methodology say nothing but which all too often decide the depth and justness of ethnographic work, in listening, observing, recording¹⁰⁵, transcribing¹⁰⁶ and transmitting the words he elicited¹⁰⁷ and welcomed, with a sympathy devoid of pathos¹⁰⁸, a complicity shorn of naivet? a comprehension stripped of complacency and condescension¹⁰⁹. A frail¹¹⁰, soft-spoken and self-effacing person, Sayad was among this very small group of individuals with whom one feels genuinely at home when introduced to a farmer from Kabylia or B閍rn, or entering the abode¹¹¹ of a Berber-speaking manual worker from S閠if or the Parisian Red Belt. The uncommon¹¹² combination of discretion¹¹³ and dignity he displayed, the sensitivity and modesty¹¹⁴ he invested in every exchange with his informants can be readily detected in the adroitness¹¹⁵ with which he accounts for their words, the sensitivity with which he pries¹¹⁶ into the causes and the reasons behind their actions. His active solidarity¹¹⁷ with the most dispossessed was the basis of an exceptional epistemological lucidity¹¹⁸ that allowed Abdelmalek Sayad to dismantle¹¹⁹ a good many prefabricated representations about immigration - such as the economistic problematic of its "costs and benefits," which journalists and policy-makers periodically invoke¹²⁰, with the diligent¹²¹ help of economists¹²², so as better to mask the specifically political dimension and springs of the phenomenon - and to uncover and confront head-on the most complex issues - such as the orchestrated lies of collective bad faith that fuel migration streams or the existential roots of the "migration malaise" that afflicts¹²³ the immigrant worker even after he has been medically cured of occupational illness8- just as he would enter an unknown household to find himself immediately greeted with respect, trust, and affection. It allowed him to find the right words, and the right tone, to speak of and to experiences as contradictory and chaotic¹²⁴ as the social conditions of which they were the product and to anatomize them by mobilizing with equal perspicacity¹²⁵ the intellectual resources of traditional Kabyle culture, rethought through ethnological works (as 7Sayad describes his early intellectual and political experiences as well as his intellectual training in Arfaoui (1996); read also Sayad (1995). 8Cf., respectively, Sayad (1977, 1986, 1981a, 1981b) and his vivisection of exile as a fall into social darkness in "El Ghorba" (Sayad 2000, in this issue).

5With the notion of el ghorba or the opposition between thaymats and thaddjjaddith), and the conceptual arsenal¹²⁶ elaborated by the research team at the Centre de sociologie europ閑nne of which he was, from its very inception¹²⁷, an active and influential¹²⁸ member. In the hands of so skilled an analyst¹²⁹, the immigrant functions in the manner of a live, flesh-and-blood analyzer of the most obscure regions of the social unconscious. Sayad ultimately shows us how, like Socrates according to Plato, the immigrant is atopos, a quaint¹³⁰ hybrid¹³¹ devoid of place, dis-placed, in the twofold sense of incongruous and inopportune, trapped in that "mongrel" sector¹³² of social space betwixt and between social being and nonbeing. Neither citizen nor foreigner, neither on the side of the Same nor on that of the Other, he exists only by default in the sending community and by excess in the receiving society, and he generates recurrent recrimination and ressentiment in both (Sayad 1984 and 1988). Out-of-place in the two social systems which define his (non)existence, the migrant forces us, through the obdurate¹³³ social vexation and mental embarrassment¹³⁴ he causes, to rethink root and branch the question of the legitimate⁹⁵ foundations of citizenship¹³⁵ and of the relationship between citizen, state, and nation. For the physical and moral suffering endured by the e-migrant reveals to the ethnographer who follows his slow and painful metamorphosis into the im-migrant everything that native (i.e., natal) embededness in a definite nation and state buries into the deepest recesses¹³⁶ of the organism, in a state of quasi-nature, beyond the reach of consciousness and ratiocination¹³⁷, starting with the viscerally felt equation most societies establish between nationality and membership in the citizenry. Through experiences (in the sense of Erlebnis) which are, for she who knows how to dissect¹³⁸ and decipher them, so many experimentations¹³⁹ (in the sense of Erfahrung), he enables us to discover those "statified" (閠atis閟) minds and bodies, as Thomas Bernard calls them (Bourdieu 1994, Sayad 1999b), which a highly peculiar¹⁹ history has endowed us with and which all too often prevent us from recognizing and respecting all the manifold forms of the human condition. As the organic ethnologist of Algerian migration, the witness-analyst of the silent drama of the mass exodus¹⁴⁰ of the Berber peasants of Kabylia into the industrial underbelly of their former colonial overlord, Abdelmalek Sayad gives us an exemplary figure of the sociologist as "public scribe," who records and broadcasts, with anthropological¹⁴¹ acuity¹⁴² and poetic¹⁴³ grace, the voice of those most cruelly dispossessed of it by the crushing weight of imperial subordination and class domination, without ever instituting himself as a spokesperson, without ever using these given words to give lessons, except lessons in ethnographic integrity, scientific rigor¹⁴⁴, and civic courage.

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1 anthropology
n.人类学
参考例句：
I believe he has started reading up anthropology.我相信他已开始深入研究人类学。 Social anthropology is centrally concerned with the diversity of culture.社会人类学主要关于文化多样性。

2 migration
n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙
参考例句：
Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。 He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。

3 varied
adj.多样的，多变化的
参考例句：
The forms of art are many and varied.艺术的形式是多种多样的。 The hotel has a varied programme of nightly entertainment.宾馆有各种晚间娱乐活动。

4 dynamics
n.力学，动力学，动力，原动力；动态
参考例句：
In order to succeed,you must master complicated knowledge of dynamics.要取得胜利，你必须掌握很复杂的动力学知识。 Dynamics is a discipline that cannot be mastered without extensive practice.动力学是一门不做大量习题就不能掌握的学科。

5 odyssey
n.长途冒险旅行；一连串的冒险
参考例句：
The march to Travnik was the final stretch of a 16-hour odyssey.去特拉夫尼克的这段路是长达16小时艰险旅行的最后一程。 His odyssey of passion, friendship,love,and revenge was now finished.他的热情、友谊、爱情和复仇的漫长历程，到此结束了。

6 periphery
n.(圆体的)外面；周围
参考例句：
Geographically, the UK is on the periphery of Europe.从地理位置上讲，英国处于欧洲边缘。 The periphery of the retina is very sensitive to motion.视网膜的外围对运动非常敏感。

7 awareness
n.意识，觉悟，懂事，明智
参考例句：
There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。 Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。

8 sociologist
n.研究社会学的人，社会学家
参考例句：
His mother was a sociologist,researching socialism.他的母亲是个社会学家，研究社会主义。 Max Weber is a great and outstanding sociologist.马克斯·韦伯是一位伟大的、杰出的社会学家。

9 labor
n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦
参考例句：
We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。 He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

10 potency
n. 效力，潜能
参考例句：
Alcohol increases the drug's potency.酒精能增加这种毒品的效力。 Sunscreen can lose its potency if left over winter in the bathroom cabinet.如果把防晒霜在盥洗室的壁橱里放一个冬天，就有可能失效。

11 fully
adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地
参考例句：
The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。 They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。

12 drawn
v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的
参考例句：
All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。 Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。

13 makers
n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式）
参考例句：
The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。 The makers are about to launch out a new product. 制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。来自《简明英汉词典》

14 emigrant
adj.移居的，移民的；n.移居外国的人，移民
参考例句：
He is a British emigrant to Australia.他是个移居澳大利亚的英国人。 I always think area like this is unsuited for human beings,but it is also unpractical to emigrant in a large scale.我一直觉得，像这样的地方是不适宜人类居住的，可大规模的移民又是不现实的。

15 imperatively
adv.命令式地
参考例句：
Drying wet rice rapidly and soaking or rewetting dry rice kernels imperatively results in severe fissuring. 潮湿米粒快速干燥或干燥籽粒浸水、回潮均会产生严重的裂纹。来自互联网 Drying wet rice kernels rapidly, Soaking or Rewetting dry rice Kernels imperatively results in severe fissuring. 潮湿米粒的快速干燥，干燥籽粒的浸水或回潮均会带来严重的裂纹。来自互联网

16 contraction
n.缩略词，缩写式，害病
参考例句：
The contraction of this muscle raises the lower arm.肌肉的收缩使前臂抬起。 The forces of expansion are balanced by forces of contraction.扩张力和收缩力相互平衡。

17 component
n.组成部分，成分，元件；adj.组成的，合成的
参考例句：
Each component is carefully checked before assembly.每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查。 Blade and handle are the component parts of a knife.刀身和刀柄是一把刀的组成部分。

18 entraps
v.使陷入圈套，使入陷阱( entrap的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：

19 peculiar
adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的
参考例句：
He walks in a peculiar fashion.他走路的样子很奇特。 He looked at me with a very peculiar expression.他用一种很奇怪的表情看着我。

20 peculiarities
n. 特质, 特性, 怪癖, 古怪
参考例句：
the cultural peculiarities of the English 英国人的文化特点 He used to mimic speech peculiarities of another. 他过去总是模仿别人讲话的特点。

21 schooling
n.教育；正规学校教育
参考例句：
A child's access to schooling varies greatly from area to area.孩子获得学校教育的机会因地区不同而大相径庭。 Backward children need a special kind of schooling.天赋差的孩子需要特殊的教育。

22 dispositions
安排( disposition的名词复数 )；倾向；（财产、金钱的）处置；气质
参考例句：
We got out some information about the enemy's dispositions from the captured enemy officer. 我们从捕获的敌军官那里问出一些有关敌军部署的情况。 Elasticity, solubility, inflammability are paradigm cases of dispositions in natural objects. 伸缩性、可缩性、易燃性是天然物体倾向性的范例。

23 emigrants
n.（从本国移往他国的）移民( emigrant的名词复数 )
参考例句：
At last the emigrants got to their new home. 移民们终于到达了他们的新家。来自《简明英汉词典》 'Truly, a decree for selling the property of emigrants.' “有那么回事，是出售外逃人员财产的法令。” 来自英汉文学 - 双城记

24 ensemble
n.合奏(唱)组；全套服装；整体，总效果
参考例句：
We should consider the buildings as an ensemble.我们应把那些建筑物视作一个整体。 It is ensemble music for up to about ten players,with one player to a part.它是最多十人演奏的合奏音乐，每人担任一部分。

25 mechanisms
n.机械( mechanism的名词复数 )；机械装置；[生物学] 机制；机械作用
参考例句：
The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms. 这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。来自《简明英汉词典》 He explained how the two mechanisms worked. 他解释这两台机械装置是如何工作的。来自《简明英汉词典》

26 uprooting
n.倒根，挖除伐根v.把（某物）连根拔起( uproot的现在分词 )；根除；赶走；把…赶出家园
参考例句：
He is hard at work uprooting wild grass in the field. 他正在田里辛苦地芟夷呢。来自互联网 A storm raged through the village, uprooting trees and flattening crops. 暴风雨袭击了村庄，拔起了树木，吹倒了庄稼。来自互联网

27 paradoxes
n.似非而是的隽语，看似矛盾而实际却可能正确的说法( paradox的名词复数 )；用于语言文学中的上述隽语；有矛盾特点的人[事物，情况]
参考例句：
Contradictions and paradoxes arose in increasing numbers. 矛盾和悖论越来越多。来自辞典例句 As far as these paradoxes are concerned, the garden definitely a heterotopia. 就这些吊诡性而言，花园无疑地是个异质空间。来自互联网

28 culmination
n.顶点；最高潮
参考例句：
The space race reached its culmination in the first moon walk.太空竞争以第一次在月球行走而达到顶峰。 It may truly be regarded as the culmination of classical Greek geometry.这确实可以看成是古典希腊几何的登峰造级之作。

29 incessant
adj.不停的，连续的
参考例句：
We have had incessant snowfall since yesterday afternoon.从昨天下午开始就持续不断地下雪。 She is tired of his incessant demands for affection.她厌倦了他对感情的不断索取。

30 remarkable
adj.显著的，异常的，非凡的，值得注意的
参考例句：
She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。 These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。

31 dual
adj.双的；二重的，二元的
参考例句：
The people's Republic of China does not recognize dual nationality for any Chinese national.中华人民共和国不承认中国公民具有双重国籍。 He has dual role as composer and conductor.他兼作曲家及指挥的双重身分。

32 ethnic
adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的
参考例句：
This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。 The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

33 necessitates
使…成为必要，需要( necessitate的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
The increase in population necessitates a greater food supply. 人口的增加需要更多食物供应。 Your proposal necessitates borrowing money. 你的提议使借款成为必要。

34 trajectory
n.弹道，轨道
参考例句：
It is not difficult to sketch the subsequent trajectory.很容易描绘出它们最终的轨迹。 The path followed by a projectile is called its trajectory.抛物体所循的路径称为它的轨道。

35 peregrination
n.游历，旅行
参考例句：
He experienced different cultures during his peregrination.在国外的游历使他体验到不同的文化。 In the course of this peregrination,each participant visited six of the 90 food stalls in the market.在游历过程中，每个参与者都参观了这个市场里90个食物摊位中的6个。

36 guises
n.外观，伪装( guise的名词复数 )v.外观，伪装( guise的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
She took pleasure in the various guises she could see. 她穿各种衣服都显得活泼可爱。来自辞典例句 Traditional form or structure allows us to recognize corresponding bits of folklore in different guises. 了解民俗的传统形式或结构，可以使我门抛开事物的不同外表，从中去辨认出有关民俗的点点滴滴。来自英汉非文学 - 民俗

37 differentiated
区分，区别，辨别( differentiate的过去式和过去分词 )；区别对待；表明…间的差别，构成…间差别的特征
参考例句：
The development of mouse kidney tubules requires two kinds of differentiated cells. 小鼠肾小管的发育需要有两种分化的细胞。 In this enlargement, barley, alfalfa, and sugar beets can be differentiated. 在这张放大的照片上，大麦，苜蓿和甜菜都能被区分开。

38 revoke
v.废除，取消，撤回
参考例句：
The university may revoke my diploma.大学可能吊销我的毕业证书。 The government revoked her husband's license to operate migrant labor crews.政府撤销了她丈夫管理外来打工人群的许可证。

39 evoke
vt.唤起，引起，使人想起
参考例句：
These images are likely to evoke a strong response in the viewer.这些图像可能会在观众中产生强烈反响。 Her only resource was the sympathy she could evoke.她以凭借的唯一力量就是她能从人们心底里激起的同情。

40 canonical
n.权威的；典型的
参考例句：
These canonical forms have to existence except in our imagination.这些正规式并不存在，只是我们的想象。 This is a combinatorial problem in canonical form.这是组合论中的典型问题。

41 opposition
n.反对，敌对
参考例句：
The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。 The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

42 kin
n.家族，亲属，血缘关系；adj.亲属关系的，同类的
参考例句：
He comes of good kin.他出身好。 She has gone to live with her husband's kin.她住到丈夫的亲戚家里去了。

43 preservation
n.保护，维护，保存，保留，保持
参考例句：
The police are responsible for the preservation of law and order.警察负责维持法律与秩序。 The picture is in an excellent state of preservation.这幅画保存得极为完好。

44 symbolic
adj.象征性的，符号的，象征主义的
参考例句：
It is symbolic of the fighting spirit of modern womanhood.它象征着现代妇女的战斗精神。 The Christian ceremony of baptism is a symbolic act.基督教的洗礼仪式是一种象征性的做法。

45 administrative
adj.行政的，管理的
参考例句：
The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。 He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。

46 bureaucratic
adj.官僚的，繁文缛节的
参考例句：
The sweat of labour washed away his bureaucratic airs.劳动的汗水冲掉了他身上的官气。 In this company you have to go through complex bureaucratic procedures just to get a new pencil.在这个公司里即使是领一支新铅笔，也必须通过繁琐的手续。

47 dictates
n.命令，规定，要求( dictate的名词复数 )v.大声讲或读( dictate的第三人称单数 )；口授；支配；摆布
参考例句：
Convention dictates that a minister should resign in such a situation. 依照常规部长在这种情况下应该辞职。来自《简明英汉词典》 He always follows the dictates of common sense. 他总是按常识行事。来自《简明英汉词典》

48 laborer
n.劳动者，劳工
参考例句：
Her husband had been a farm laborer.她丈夫以前是个农场雇工。 He worked as a casual laborer and did not earn much.他当临时工，没有赚多少钱。

49 laborers
n.体力劳动者，工人( laborer的名词复数 )；（熟练工人的）辅助工
参考例句：
Laborers were trained to handle 50-ton compactors and giant cranes. 工人们接受操作五十吨压土机和巨型起重机的训练。来自《现代英汉综合大词典》 Wage-labour rests exclusively on competition between the laborers. 雇佣劳动完全是建立在工人的自相竞争之上的。来自英汉非文学 - 共产党宣言

50 negotiations
协商( negotiation的名词复数 )；谈判；完成（难事）；通过
参考例句：
negotiations for a durable peace 为持久和平而进行的谈判 Negotiations have failed to establish any middle ground. 谈判未能达成任何妥协。

51 bilateral
adj.双方的，两边的，两侧的
参考例句：
They have been negotiating a bilateral trade deal.他们一直在商谈一项双边贸易协定。 There was a wide gap between the views of the two statesmen on the bilateral cooperation.对双方合作的问题，两位政治家各自所持的看法差距甚大。

52 dominant
adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因
参考例句：
The British were formerly dominant in India.英国人从前统治印度。 She was a dominant figure in the French film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。

53 structural
adj.构造的，组织的，建筑（用）的
参考例句：
The storm caused no structural damage.风暴没有造成建筑结构方面的破坏。 The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities.北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。

54 recapitulates
n.总结，扼要重述( recapitulate的名词复数 )v.总结，扼要重述( recapitulate的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
A player building a SimCity recapitulates Will Wright's sequence in inventing it. 一位《虚拟城市》玩家总结了威尔发明这个游戏的顺序。来自互联网 He hesitates, he recapitulates. 他犹豫不决，颠三倒四。来自互联网

55 fleeting
adj.短暂的，飞逝的
参考例句：
The girls caught only a fleeting glimpse of the driver.女孩们只匆匆瞥了一眼司机。 Knowing the life fleeting,she set herself to enjoy if as best as she could.她知道这种日子转瞬即逝，于是让自已尽情地享受。

56 fraught
adj.充满…的，伴有(危险等)的；忧虑的
参考例句：
The coming months will be fraught with fateful decisions.未来数月将充满重大的决定。 There's no need to look so fraught!用不着那么愁眉苦脸的！

57 intercourse
n.性交；交流，交往，交际
参考例句：
The magazine becomes a cultural medium of intercourse between the two peoples.该杂志成为两民族间文化交流的媒介。 There was close intercourse between them.他们过往很密。

58 determined
adj.坚定的；有决心的
参考例句：
I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。 He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

59 asymmetric
a.不对称的
参考例句：
Most people's faces are asymmetric. 大多数人的脸不对称。 We have made no reference to asymmetric carbon atoms. 我们未曾涉及不对称碳原子。

60 apostasy
n.背教，脱党
参考例句：
Apostasy often has its roots in moral failure.背道的人通常是先在道德方面一败涂地。 He was looked down upon for apostasy.他因背教而受轻视。

61 corroding
使腐蚀，侵蚀( corrode的现在分词 )
参考例句：
That sour nature has started corroding those metal parts. 那酸质已开始腐蚀那金属部件。 He was driven by a corroding rage for "perfection". 他受追求“完美境界”的极端热情所驱策。

62 mobility
n.可动性，变动性，情感不定
参考例句：
The difference in regional house prices acts as an obstacle to mobility of labour.不同地区房价的差异阻碍了劳动力的流动。 Mobility is very important in guerrilla warfare.机动性在游击战中至关重要。

63 hierarchy
n.等级制度；统治集团，领导层
参考例句：
There is a rigid hierarchy of power in that country.那个国家有一套严密的权力等级制度。 She's high up in the management hierarchy.她在管理阶层中地位很高。

64 devoid
adj.全无的，缺乏的
参考例句：
He is completely devoid of humour.他十分缺乏幽默。 The house is totally devoid of furniture.这所房子里什么家具都没有。

65 legitimacy
n.合法，正当
参考例句：
The newspaper was directly challenging the government's legitimacy.报纸直接质疑政府的合法性。 Managing from the top down,we operate with full legitimacy.我们进行由上而下的管理有充分的合法性。

66 virulent
adj.有毒的，有恶意的，充满敌意的
参考例句：
She is very virulent about her former employer.她对她过去的老板恨之入骨。 I stood up for her despite the virulent criticism.尽管她遭到恶毒的批评，我还是维护她。

67 initially
adv.最初，开始
参考例句：
The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。 Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。

68 superfluous
adj.过多的，过剩的，多余的
参考例句：
She fined away superfluous matter in the design. 她删去了这图案中多余的东西。 That request seemed superfluous when I wrote it.我这样写的时候觉得这个请求似乎是多此一举。

69 accusations
n.指责( accusation的名词复数 )；指控；控告；（被告发、控告的）罪名
参考例句：
There were accusations of plagiarism. 曾有过关于剽窃的指控。 He remained unruffled by their accusations. 对于他们的指控他处之泰然。

70 precisely
adv.恰好，正好，精确地，细致地
参考例句：
It's precisely that sort of slick sales-talk that I mistrust.我不相信的正是那种油腔滑调的推销宣传。 The man adjusted very precisely.那个人调得很准。

71 animates
v.使有生气( animate的第三人称单数 )；驱动；使栩栩如生地动作；赋予…以生命
参考例句：
The soul animates the body. 灵魂使肉体有生命。来自辞典例句 It is probable that life animates all the planets revolving round all the stars. 生命为一切围绕恒星旋转的行星注入活力。来自辞典例句

72 inquiries
n.调查( inquiry的名词复数 )；疑问；探究；打听
参考例句：
He was released on bail pending further inquiries. 他获得保释，等候进一步调查。 I have failed to reach them by postal inquiries. 我未能通过邮政查询与他们取得联系。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

73 requisite
adj.需要的，必不可少的；n.必需品
参考例句：
He hasn't got the requisite qualifications for the job.他不具备这工作所需的资格。 Food and air are requisite for life.食物和空气是生命的必需品。

74 dissimulation
n.掩饰，虚伪，装糊涂
参考例句：
A habit of dissimulation is a hindrance, and a poorness to him. 在他这样的一个人，一种掩饰的习惯是一种阻挠，一个弱点。来自《简明英汉词典》 Still we have our limits beyond which we call dissimulation treachery. 不过我们仍然有自己的限度，超过这个界限，就是虚伪与背信弃义。来自辞典例句

75 concocting
v.将（尤指通常不相配合的）成分混合成某物( concoct的现在分词 )；调制；编造；捏造
参考例句：
I judged that he was concocting a particularly knotty editorial. 我估计他是在拼凑一篇特别伤脑筋的社论。来自辞典例句 'And you,' returned Sydney, busy concocting the punch, 'are such a sensitive and poetical spirit.' “可你呢，”西德尼一边忙着调五味酒，一边回答，“你却是这样一个敏感而有诗意的精灵。” 来自英汉文学 - 双城记

76 justify
vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护
参考例句：
He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。 Can you justify your rude behavior to me?你能向我证明你的粗野行为是有道理的吗？

77 trek
vi.作长途艰辛的旅行；n.长途艰苦的旅行
参考例句：
We often go pony-trek in the summer.夏季我们经常骑马旅行。 It took us the whole day to trek across the rocky terrain.我们花了一整天的时间艰难地穿过那片遍布岩石的地带。

78 solely
adv.仅仅，唯一地
参考例句：
Success should not be measured solely by educational achievement.成功与否不应只用学业成绩来衡量。 The town depends almost solely on the tourist trade.这座城市几乎完全靠旅游业维持。

79 civic
adj.城市的，都市的，市民的，公民的
参考例句：
I feel it is my civic duty to vote.我认为投票选举是我作为公民的义务。 The civic leaders helped to forward the project.市政府领导者协助促进工程的进展。

80 Mediterranean
adj.地中海的；地中海沿岸的
参考例句：
The houses are Mediterranean in character.这些房子都属地中海风格。 Gibraltar is the key to the Mediterranean.直布罗陀是地中海的要冲。

81 milieu
n.环境；出身背景；(个人所处的)社会环境
参考例句：
Foods usually provide a good milieu for the persistence of viruses.食品通常为病毒存续提供了一个良好的栖身所。 He was born in a social milieu where further education was a luxury.他生在一个受较高教育就被认为是奢侈的社会环境里。

82 succor
n.援助，帮助；v.给予帮助
参考例句：
In two short hours we may look for succor from Webb.在短短的两小时内，韦布将军的救兵就可望到达。 He was so much in need of succor,so totally alone.他当时孑然一身，形影相吊，特别需要援助。

83 guilt
n.犯罪；内疚；过失，罪责
参考例句：
She tried to cover up her guilt by lying.她企图用谎言掩饰自己的罪行。 Don't lay a guilt trip on your child about schoolwork.别因为功课责备孩子而使他觉得很内疚。

84 bastards
私生子( bastard的名词复数 )；坏蛋；讨厌的事物；麻烦事（认为别人走运或不幸时说）家伙
参考例句：
Those bastards don't care a damn about the welfare of the factory! 这批狗养的，不顾大局！来自子夜部分 Let the first bastards to find out be the goddam Germans. 就让那些混账的德国佬去做最先发现的倒霉鬼吧。来自演讲部分

85 horrifying
a.令人震惊的，使人毛骨悚然的
参考例句：
He went to great pains to show how horrifying the war was. 他极力指出战争是多么的恐怖。 The possibility of war is too horrifying to contemplate. 战争的可能性太可怕了，真不堪细想。

86 retired
adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的
参考例句：
The old man retired to the country for rest.这位老人下乡休息去了。 Many retired people take up gardening as a hobby.许多退休的人都以从事园艺为嗜好。

87 pithily
adv.有力地，简洁地
参考例句：
The essay was pithily written. 文章写得很简洁。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》 She expressed herself pithily. 她简洁地表达了自己的想法。来自互联网

88 seducing
诱奸( seduce的现在分词 )；勾引；诱使堕落；使入迷
参考例句：
He got into trouble for seducing the daughter of a respectable tradesman. 他因为引诱一个有名望的商人的女儿而惹上了麻烦。 Chao Hsin-mei, you scoundrel, you shameless wretch, seducing a married woman. 赵辛楣，你这混帐东西！无耻家伙！引诱有夫之妇。

89 analytic
adj.分析的，用分析方法的
参考例句：
The boy has an analytic mind. 这男孩有分析的头脑。 Latin is a synthetic language,while English is analytic.拉丁文是一种综合性语言，而英语是一种分析性语言。

90 discourses
论文( discourse的名词复数 )；演说；讲道；话语
参考例句：
It is said that his discourses were very soul-moving. 据说他的讲道词是很能动人心灵的。 I am not able to repeat the excellent discourses of this extraordinary man. 这位异人的高超言论我是无法重述的。

91 swirl
v.(使)打漩，(使)涡卷；n.漩涡，螺旋形
参考例句：
The car raced roughly along in a swirl of pink dust.汽车在一股粉红色尘土的漩涡中颠簸着快速前进。 You could lie up there,watching the flakes swirl past.你可以躺在那儿，看着雪花飘飘。

92 constituent
n.选民；成分，组分；adj.组成的，构成的
参考例句：
Sugar is the main constituent of candy.食糖是糖果的主要成分。 Fibre is a natural constituent of a healthy diet.纤维是健康饮食的天然组成部分。

93 colonized
开拓殖民地，移民于殖民地( colonize的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
The area was colonized by the Vikings. 这一地区曾沦为维京人的殖民地。 The British and French colonized the Americas. 英国人和法国人共同在美洲建立殖民地。

94 contradictory
adj.反驳的，反对的，抗辩的；n.正反对，矛盾对立
参考例句：
The argument is internally contradictory.论据本身自相矛盾。 What he said was self-contradictory.他讲话前后不符。

95 legitimate
adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法
参考例句：
Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。 That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。

96 integration
n.一体化，联合，结合
参考例句：
We are working to bring about closer political integration in the EU.我们正在努力实现欧盟內部更加紧密的政治一体化。 This was the greatest event in the annals of European integration.这是欧洲统一史上最重大的事件。

97 fabric
n.织物，织品，布；构造，结构，组织
参考例句：
The fabric will spot easily.这种织品很容易玷污。 I don't like the pattern on the fabric.我不喜欢那块布料上的图案。

98 wondrous
adj.令人惊奇的，奇妙的；adv.惊人地；异乎寻常地；令人惊叹地
参考例句：
The internal structure of the Department is wondrous to behold.看一下国务院的内部结构是很有意思的。 We were driven across this wondrous vast land of lakes and forests.我们乘车穿越这片有着湖泊及森林的广袤而神奇的土地。

99 psychology
n.心理，心理学，心理状态
参考例句：
She has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。 He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。

100 brute
n.野兽，兽性
参考例句：
The aggressor troops are not many degrees removed from the brute.侵略军简直象一群野兽。 That dog is a dangerous brute.It bites people.那条狗是危险的畜牲，它咬人。

101 intrepidity
n.大胆，刚勇；大胆的行为
参考例句：
I threw myself into class discussions, attempting to dazzle him with my intelligence and intrepidity. 我全身心投入班级讨论，试图用我的智慧和冒险精神去赢得他的钦佩。来自互联网 Wolf totem is a novel about wolves intrepidity, initiation, strong sense of kindred and group spirit. 《狼图腾》是一部描写蒙古草原狼无畏、积极进取、强烈家族意识和团队精神的小说。来自互联网

102 deftness

参考例句：
Handling delicate instruments requires deftness. 使用精巧仪器需要熟练。来自《现代英汉综合大词典》 I'm greatly impressed by your deftness in handling the situation. 你处理这个局面的机敏令我印象十分深刻。来自高二英语口语

103 bazaars
（东方国家的）市场( bazaar的名词复数 )；义卖；义卖市场；（出售花哨商品等的）小商品市场
参考例句：
When the sky chooses, glory can rain into the Chandrapore bazaars. 如果天公有意，昌德拉卜的集市也会大放光彩。 He visited the shops and bazaars. 他视察起各色铺子和市场来。

104 virtues
美德( virtue的名词复数 )；德行；优点；长处
参考例句：
Doctors often extol the virtues of eating less fat. 医生常常宣扬少吃脂肪的好处。 She delivered a homily on the virtues of family life. 她进行了一场家庭生活美德方面的说教。

105 recording
n.录音，记录
参考例句：
How long will the recording of the song take?录下这首歌得花多少时间？ I want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。

106 transcribing
（用不同的录音手段）转录( transcribe的现在分词 )；改编（乐曲）（以适应他种乐器或声部）；抄写；用音标标出（声音）
参考例句：
They continue to remove molecules until the cell stops transcribing the gene. 他们继续除去分子，直到细胞不再转录基因为止。 Q: Can I use Voice-to-Text software to help with the transcribing? 问：我能使用声音-到-本文的软件帮助转换吗？

107 elicited
引出，探出( elicit的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
Threats to reinstate the tax elicited jeer from the Opposition. 恢复此项征税的威胁引起了反对党的嘲笑。 The comedian's joke elicited applause and laughter from the audience. 那位滑稽演员的笑话博得观众的掌声和笑声。

108 pathos
n.哀婉，悲怆
参考例句：
The pathos of the situation brought tears to our eyes.情况令人怜悯，看得我们不禁流泪。 There is abundant pathos in her words.她的话里富有动人哀怜的力量。

109 condescension
n.自以为高人一等，贬低(别人)
参考例句：
His politeness smacks of condescension. 他的客气带有屈尊俯就的意味。 Despite its condescension toward the Bennet family, the letter begins to allay Elizabeth's prejudice against Darcy. 尽管这封信对班纳特家的态度很高傲，但它开始消除伊丽莎白对达西的偏见。

110 frail
adj.身体虚弱的；易损坏的
参考例句：
Mrs. Warner is already 96 and too frail to live by herself.华纳太太已经九十六岁了，身体虚弱，不便独居。 She lay in bed looking particularly frail.她躺在床上，看上去特别虚弱。

111 abode
n.住处，住所
参考例句：
It was ten months before my father discovered his abode.父亲花了十个月的功夫，才好不容易打听到他的住处。 Welcome to our humble abode!欢迎光临寒舍！

112 uncommon
adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的
参考例句：
Such attitudes were not at all uncommon thirty years ago.这些看法在30年前很常见。 Phil has uncommon intelligence.菲尔智力超群。

113 discretion
n.谨慎；随意处理
参考例句：
You must show discretion in choosing your friend.你择友时必须慎重。 Please use your best discretion to handle the matter.请慎重处理此事。

114 modesty
n.谦逊，虚心，端庄，稳重，羞怯，朴素
参考例句：
Industry and modesty are the chief factors of his success.勤奋和谦虚是他成功的主要因素。 As conceit makes one lag behind,so modesty helps one make progress.骄傲使人落后，谦虚使人进步。

115 adroitness

参考例句：
He showed similar adroitness and persistence in strategic arm control. 在战略武器方面，他显示出了同样的机敏和执著。来自辞典例句 He turned his large car with some adroitness and drove away. 他熟练地把他那辆大车子调了个头，开走了。来自辞典例句

116 pries
v.打听，刺探（他人的私事）( pry的第三人称单数 )；撬开
参考例句：
He often pries into other people's affairs. 他常探问别人的事。来自辞典例句 Seem the lock that someone pries me in the doorway. 好像是有人在门口撬我的锁。来自互联网

117 solidarity
n.团结；休戚相关
参考例句：
They must preserve their solidarity.他们必须维护他们的团结。 The solidarity among China's various nationalities is as firm as a rock.中国各族人民之间的团结坚如磐石。

118 lucidity
n.明朗，清晰，透明
参考例句：
His writings were marked by an extraordinary lucidity and elegance of style.他的作品简洁明晰，文风典雅。 The pain had lessened in the night, but so had his lucidity.夜里他的痛苦是减轻了，但人也不那么清醒了。

119 dismantle
vt.拆开，拆卸；废除，取消
参考例句：
He asked for immediate help from the United States to dismantle the warheads.他请求美国立即提供援助，拆除这批弹头。 The mower firmly refused to mow,so I decided to dismantle it.修完后割草机还是纹丝不动，于是，我决定把它拆开。

120 invoke
v.求助于(神、法律)；恳求，乞求
参考例句：
Let us invoke the blessings of peace.让我们祈求和平之福。 I hope I'll never have to invoke this clause and lodge a claim with you.我希望我永远不会使用这个条款向你们索赔。

121 diligent
adj.勤勉的，勤奋的
参考例句：
He is the more diligent of the two boys.他是这两个男孩中较用功的一个。 She is diligent and keeps herself busy all the time.她真勤快，一会儿也不闲着。

122 economists
n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 )
参考例句：
The sudden rise in share prices has confounded economists. 股价的突然上涨使经济学家大惑不解。 Foreign bankers and economists cautiously welcomed the minister's initiative. 外国银行家和经济学家对部长的倡议反应谨慎。来自《简明英汉词典》

123 afflicts
使受痛苦，折磨( afflict的名词复数 )
参考例句：
Level 3-Afflicts a target with the Curse of the Silent. 三级-用静默诅咒折磨一个目标。 Level 1-Afflicts a target with the Curse of the Silent. 一级-用静默诅咒折磨一个目标。

124 chaotic
adj.混沌的，一片混乱的，一团糟的
参考例句：
Things have been getting chaotic in the office recently.最近办公室的情况越来越乱了。 The traffic in the city was chaotic.这城市的交通糟透了。

125 perspicacity
n. 敏锐, 聪明, 洞察力
参考例句：
Perspicacity includes selective code, selective comparing and selective combining. 洞察力包括选择性编码、选择性比较、选择性联合。 He may own the perspicacity and persistence to catch and keep the most valuable thing. 他可能拥有洞察力和坚忍力，可以抓住和保有人生中最宝贵的东西。

126 arsenal
n.兵工厂，军械库
参考例句：
Even the workers at the arsenal have got a secret organization.兵工厂工人暗中也有组织。 We must be the great arsenal of democracy.我们必须成为民主的大军火库。

127 inception
n.开端，开始，取得学位
参考例句：
The programme has been successful since its inception.这个方案自开始实施以来一直卓有成效。 Julia's worked for that company from its inception.自从那家公司开办以来，朱莉娅一直在那儿工作。

128 influential
adj.有影响的，有权势的
参考例句：
He always tries to get in with the most influential people.他总是试图巴结最有影响的人物。 He is a very influential man in the government.他在政府中是个很有影响的人物。

129 analyst
n.分析家，化验员；心理分析学家
参考例句：
What can you contribute to the position of a market analyst?你有什么技能可有助于市场分析员的职务？ The analyst is required to interpolate values between standards.分析人员需要在这些标准中插入一些值。

130 quaint
adj.古雅的，离奇有趣的，奇怪的
参考例句：
There were many small lanes in the quaint village.在这古香古色的村庄里，有很多小巷。 They still keep some quaint old customs.他们仍然保留着一些稀奇古怪的旧风俗。

131 hybrid
n.(动，植）杂种，混合物
参考例句：
That is a hybrid perpetual rose.那是一株杂交的四季开花的蔷薇。 The hybrid was tall,handsome,and intelligent.那混血儿高大、英俊、又聪明。

132 sector
n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形
参考例句：
The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。 The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

133 obdurate
adj.固执的，顽固的
参考例句：
He is obdurate in his convictions.他执着于自己所坚信的事。 He remained obdurate,refusing to alter his decision.他依然固执己见，拒不改变决定。

134 embarrassment
n.尴尬；使人为难的人(事物)；障碍；窘迫
参考例句：
She could have died away with embarrassment.她窘迫得要死。 Coughing at a concert can be a real embarrassment.在音乐会上咳嗽真会使人难堪。

135 citizenship
n.市民权，公民权，国民的义务(身份)
参考例句：
He was born in Sweden,but he doesn't have Swedish citizenship.他在瑞典出生，但没有瑞典公民身分。 Ten years later,she chose to take Australian citizenship.十年后，她选择了澳大利亚国籍。

136 recesses
n.壁凹( recess的名词复数 )；（工作或业务活动的）中止或暂停期间；学校的课间休息；某物内部的凹形空间v.把某物放在墙壁的凹处( recess的第三人称单数 )；将（墙）做成凹形，在（墙）上做壁龛；休息，休会，休庭
参考例句：
I could see the inmost recesses. 我能看见最深处。来自《简明英汉词典》 I had continually pushed my doubts to the darker recesses of my mind. 我一直把怀疑深深地隐藏在心中。来自《简明英汉词典》

137 ratiocination
n.推理；推断
参考例句：
There's no difference of Win or lose,or good or bad in ratiocination.推理是没有胜负、好坏之分的。 Your thesis is short for the accurate ratiocination to suppose your argument.你的论文缺少能证明你的论点的正确推理。

138 dissect
v.分割；解剖
参考例句：
In biology class we had to dissect a frog.上生物课时我们得解剖青蛙。 Not everyone can dissect and digest the public information they receive.不是每个人都可以解析和消化他们得到的公共信息的。

139 experimentations
实验，实验的方法( experimentation的名词复数 )
参考例句：
Some experimentations are developed and corresponding conclusions are gained. 并通过大量实验，取得了相关实验结果及研究结论。 Admittedly, not all animal experimentations are cruel. 诚然，并非所有的动物试验都是残酷的。

140 exodus
v.大批离去，成群外出
参考例句：
The medical system is facing collapse because of an exodus of doctors.由于医生大批离去，医疗系统面临崩溃。 Man's great challenge at this moment is to prevent his exodus from this planet.人在当前所遇到的最大挑战，就是要防止人从这个星球上消失。

141 anthropological
adj.人类学的
参考例句：
These facts of responsibility are an anthropological datums- varied and multiform. 这些道德事实是一种人类学资料——性质不同，形式各异。来自哲学部分 It is the most difficult of all anthropological data on which to "draw" the old Negro. 在所有的人类学资料中，最困难的事莫过于“刻划”古代的黑人。来自辞典例句

142 acuity
n.敏锐，（疾病的）剧烈
参考例句：
We work on improving visual acuity.我们致力于提高视觉的敏锐度。 The nurse may also measure visual acuity.护士还可以检查视敏度。

143 poetic
adj.富有诗意的，有诗人气质的，善于抒情的
参考例句：
His poetic idiom is stamped with expressions describing group feeling and thought.他的诗中的措辞往往带有描写群体感情和思想的印记。 His poetic novels have gone through three different historical stages.他的诗情小说创作经历了三个不同的历史阶段。

144 rigor
n.严酷，严格，严厉
参考例句：
Their analysis lacks rigor.他们的分析缺乏严谨性。\|\|The crime will be treated with the full rigor of the law.这一罪行会严格依法审理。

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