肺部疾病可能是遗传性的 即使没有家族病史
文章来源:未知 文章作者:meng 发布时间:2010-05-18 01:05 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
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Patients who encounter serious lung diseases in middle age, despite an absence of family history or other predisposing(素因性的) factors, may still have their genes2 to blame, according to a new study conducted by researchers at the National Institute of Allergy3 and Infectious Diseases, part of the National Institutes of Health. The study also determined4 that the use of a simple screening test may help identify those genetic5 abnormalities and allow detection before the onset6 of disease.

"Earlier reports have indicated a correlation7(相关,关联) between certain nontuberculous mycobacterial respiratory(呼吸的) infections and specific gene1 abnormalities," noted8 lead author Kenneth Olivier, M.D., M.P.H., NIAID staff clinician. "The results of this study confirm the correlation, and indicate the usefulness of simple testing in identifying these abnormalities, especially in an older population."

The results will be reported at the ATS 2010 International Conference in New Orleans.

The study of 32 patients focused on the movement of cilia(纤毛,睫毛) , the tiny hair-like filaments9(花丝,灯丝) that line the respiratory tract10. In normal respiration11, cilia help move dust and other fine particles out of the airway12, keeping passages clear of harmful bacteria and other pathogens(病原体) . When cilia are altered as the result of genetic mutation13, they may fail to function properly, allowing disease-causing bacteria to build up.

"Genetic abnormalities in this clearance14 mechanism15 may predispose(预先处理) some older individuals to the development of certain pulmonary(有肺的) diseases, even though those individuals do not appear to have any predisposing factors," Dr. Olivier said.

Physicians can determine whether patients are at risk of the cilia not functioning correctly through a simple, noninvasive test that measures the levels of nitric oxide16(氧化一氮) produced in the nose and sinuses(鼻窦) . In patients who are predisposed to nontuberculous lung diseases, Dr. Olivier noted nitric oxide levels significantly lower than those of healthy individuals.

"Measurement of nasal(鼻的) nitric oxide production is easily performed, and can be an effective and noninvasive screen for identifying patients who may have abnormal ciliary function," he said. However, the screening test may also be abnormal for some patients with cystic fibrosis or acute viral respiratory infections, he added.

In patients with no known risk factors for lung disease, identifying which individuals are most likely to develop illness has posed a dilemma17 for physicians. Dr. Olivier said the results of this study may help researchers determine additional genetic abnormalities that could cause lung disease to develop, and may even lead to effective treatments.

"These results may lead to better understanding of predisposing genetic factors that will allow identification of at-risk individuals before the typical middle-age disease onset," he noted. "It may also allow development of preventive strategies or therapeutic18 interventions19 aimed at correcting airway clearance deficiencies(缺陷,不足) ."

"The next step is to focus on the identification of mutations in genes associated with ciliary dysfunction(功能紊乱) , to search for as yet unidentified novel cilia genes, and to utilize20 evolving technologies to better characterize genetic risks in patients with these diseases," he added.



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1 gene WgKxx     
n.遗传因子,基因
参考例句:
  • A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。
  • The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。
2 genes 01914f8eac35d7e14afa065217edd8c0     
n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因,所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪
3 allergy 8Vpza     
n.(因食物、药物等而引起的)过敏症
参考例句:
  • He developed an allergy to pollen.他对花粉过敏。
  • The patient had an allergy to penicillin.该患者对青霉素过敏。
4 determined duszmP     
adj.坚定的;有决心的
参考例句:
  • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
  • He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
5 genetic PgIxp     
adj.遗传的,遗传学的
参考例句:
  • It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
  • Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
6 onset bICxF     
n.进攻,袭击,开始,突然开始
参考例句:
  • The drug must be taken from the onset of the infection.这种药必须在感染的最初期就开始服用。
  • Our troops withstood the onset of the enemy.我们的部队抵挡住了敌人的进攻。
7 correlation Rogzg     
n.相互关系,相关,关连
参考例句:
  • The second group of measurements had a high correlation with the first.第二组测量数据与第一组高度相关。
  • A high correlation exists in America between education and economic position.教育和经济地位在美国有极密切的关系。
8 noted 5n4zXc     
adj.著名的,知名的
参考例句:
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
9 filaments 82be78199276cbe86e0e8b6c084015b6     
n.(电灯泡的)灯丝( filament的名词复数 );丝极;细丝;丝状物
参考例句:
  • Instead, sarcomere shortening occurs when the thin filaments'slide\" by the thick filaments. 此外,肌节的缩短发生于细肌丝沿粗肌丝“滑行”之际。 来自辞典例句
  • Wetting-force data on filaments of any diameter and shape can easily obtained. 各种直径和形状的长丝的润湿力数据是易于测量的。 来自辞典例句
10 tract iJxz4     
n.传单,小册子,大片(土地或森林)
参考例句:
  • He owns a large tract of forest.他拥有一大片森林。
  • He wrote a tract on this subject.他曾对此写了一篇短文。
11 respiration us7yt     
n.呼吸作用;一次呼吸;植物光合作用
参考例句:
  • They tried artificial respiration but it was of no avail.他们试做人工呼吸,可是无效。
  • They made frequent checks on his respiration,pulse and blood.他们经常检查他的呼吸、脉搏和血液。
12 airway xzez8W     
n.空中航线,通风口
参考例句:
  • Lay them on their side and ensure the airway is unobstructed.让他们侧躺着,并确保呼吸道畅通。
  • There is a purple airway in London Airport.伦敦机场里有一条皇家专用飞机跑道。
13 mutation t1PyM     
n.变化,变异,转变
参考例句:
  • People who have this mutation need less sleep than others.有这种突变的人需要的睡眠比其他人少。
  • So far the discussion has centered entirely around mutation in the strict sense.到目前为止,严格来讲,讨论完全集中于围绕突变问题上。
14 clearance swFzGa     
n.净空;许可(证);清算;清除,清理
参考例句:
  • There was a clearance of only ten centimetres between the two walls.两堵墙之间只有十厘米的空隙。
  • The ship sailed as soon as it got clearance. 那艘船一办好离港手续立刻启航了。
15 mechanism zCWxr     
n.机械装置;机构,结构
参考例句:
  • The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
  • The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。
16 oxide K4dz8     
n.氧化物
参考例句:
  • Oxide is usually seen in our daily life.在我们的日常生活中氧化物很常见。
  • How can you get rid of this oxide coating?你们该怎样除去这些氧化皮?
17 dilemma Vlzzf     
n.困境,进退两难的局面
参考例句:
  • I am on the horns of a dilemma about the matter.这件事使我进退两难。
  • He was thrown into a dilemma.他陷入困境。
18 therapeutic sI8zL     
adj.治疗的,起治疗作用的;对身心健康有益的
参考例句:
  • Therapeutic measures were selected to fit the patient.选择治疗措施以适应病人的需要。
  • When I was sad,music had a therapeutic effect.我悲伤的时候,音乐有治疗效力。
19 interventions b4e9b73905db5b0213891229ce84fdd3     
n.介入,干涉,干预( intervention的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Economic analysis of government interventions deserves detailed discussion. 政府对经济的干预应该给予充分的论述。 来自辞典例句
  • The judge's frequent interventions made a mockery of justice. 法官的屡屡干预是对正义的践踏。 来自互联网
20 utilize OiPwz     
vt.使用,利用
参考例句:
  • The cook will utilize the leftover ham bone to make soup.厨师要用吃剩的猪腿骨做汤。
  • You must utilize all available resources.你必须利用一切可以得到的资源。
TAG标签: disease genes lung
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