Scientists have developed a new computational model to uncover gene¹ regulation, the key to how our body develops – and how it can go wrong. The researchers, from The University of Manchester (UK), Aalto University (Finland) and the European Molecular² Biology Laboratory Heidelberg (Germany), say the new method identifies targets of regulator genes³（调节基因） .

The human genome contains instructions for making all the cells in our body. An individual cell's make up (e.g. muscle or blood) depends on how these instructions are read. This is controlled by gene regulatory mechanisms⁵. Uncovering these mechanisms holds a key to greatly improving our understanding of biological systems.

One important regulatory mechanism⁴ is based on genes that actively⁶ promote or repress the activity of other genes. The new research addresses the problem of identifying the targets these regulator genes affect.

The new method, presented in the latest edition of Proceedings⁷ of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), is based on careful modelling of time series measurements of gene activity. It combines a simple biochemical model of the cell with probabilistic（或然说的，概率性的） modelling to deal with incomplete and uncertain measurements.

Dr Magnus Rattray, a senior researcher at Manchester's Faculty⁸ of Engineering and Physical Sciences, said: "Combining biochemical and probabilistic modelling techniques as done here holds great promise for the future. Many systems we are looking at now are too complex for purely⁹ physical models and connecting to experimental data in a principled manner is essential."

Dr Antti Honkela, his colleague at Aalto University School of Science and Technology, added: "A major contribution of our work is to show how data-driven machine learning techniques can be used to uncover physical models of cell regulation. This demonstrates how data-driven modelling can clearly benefit from the incorporation¹⁰（合并，编入） of physical modelling ideas."