奥巴马演讲 俄亥俄州民宅谈经济10
文章来源:未知 文章作者:meng 发布时间:2010-08-23 07:55 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

   I've got a very general question.

THE PRESIDENT:  Okay, go ahead.

Q      It’s a very general question, here.  I work on Wall Street.  I was wondering what kind of changes we can expect to see in the reform in the next couple years.

THE PRESIDENT:  Well, here’s the essential components1 of Wall Street reform that we set up.  Number one is that we got a  -- we had a system in which there was huge amounts of leverage2(手段,影响力) that banks could take.  And what leverage means is, if they got a dollar in deposits, they were making a $40 bet using that one dollar -- which when times are good means you’re making a lot of money, right?  You’re putting one dollar down of your own money, and you got $40, and when the market is going up, you’re making out like a bandit(取得巨大成功) .  But when the market goes down, when it starts de-leveraging, you’re in trouble.  And that's basically what happened with Lehman’s and a lot of these other companies.

So one thing that we’ve said is that we’ve got to have -- for big firms that are what we call “systemic,” that if they go down, the whole system could go down with them -- we’ve got to have a better check and say, you know what, you’ve got to control a little bit how you work in terms of leverage.  You’ve got to have enough capital, actual money, to cover the bets that you’re placing so that you’re not putting the whole system at risk.  That's number one.

Number two, there’s a whole derivatives3 market(衍生产品市场) out there, which, frankly4, even the bankers don't completely understand.  But you’ve got trillions of dollars -- and if you work on Wall Street you’re familiar obviously with the derivatives market.  I mean, you’ve got trillions of dollars that are basically outside of the regulated banking6 system, and people didn't know who’s making bets on what.  And what we said was that derivatives market, it needs -- it can continue, but it’s got to be in an open, transparent7 marketplace so that everybody knows who is betting on what.

And we’re very clear about who the various parties are in these complex derivatives transactions(处理,汇报) .  That means the regulators can follow it a little more closely.  That's number two.

The third thing that we did is we made sure that we don't have taxpayer8 bailouts again.  So we’ve set up a system whereby if a big firm gets in trouble, we’re able to essentially9 quarantine(检疫,隔离) it, separate it out from the rest of the pack, liquidate10(清算,偿付) it without it spilling over into the system as a whole. That’s the third thing.

And the fourth thing is having a consumer financial protection agency that is really going to do a good job making sure that consumers know what they’re getting when it comes to financial products.  I mean, when you buy a toaster(烤箱) , there has been some assurance provided that that toaster will not explode in your face -- right?  There are a whole bunch of laws in there, people have to do tests on the toasters to make sure that nothing happens.  But if you buy a mortgage that explodes in your face because you didn’t know what was going on, everybody acts like, well, that’s your problem.

Well, no, it’s actually all of our problem, because part of the reason we had this financial crisis was because people did not always understand the financial instruments that they were purchasing.  A lot of these subprime(次级的) loans that were being given out, a lot of these no-interest -- you can buy your house, you don’t put any money down, you don’t pay any interest, you got this beautiful house -- and naturally people were thinking, well, this sounds great.  But what they weren’t looking at was, okay, there’s a balloon payment five years down.  This is only going to work if your housing -- the value of your house keeps on appreciating.  And if it stops appreciating, suddenly it’s not going to work anymore.  People hadn’t thought through all those ramifications11(分枝,分叉) .  And that had an effect on the whole system.

So what we’ve said is we’re going to have a strong consumer finance protection agency whose only job is to look after you when it comes to financial products.  And Joe and Rhonda and I were just talking about how it was only seven, eight years ago when Michelle and I were trying to figure out our student loans, how were we going to invest for the kids’ college education.  We had -- at the end of the month, I’d be getting my credit card bills, and I’m a pretty smart guy, but you open up some of those credit card bills -- you don't know what’s going on.  You don't read all that fine print.  You just look at the statement.#p#分页标题#e#

Well, as an example of the kinds of things that this new agency are going to be enforcing, we’ve already passed a law -- thanks again to Mary Jo and Sherrod -- we’ve already passed a law that says a credit card company can’t raise the interest rates on existing balances.  So it can’t attract you with a zero percent interest, you run up a $3,000 balance, and then suddenly they send you your next statement and it says, oh, your interest went up to 29 percent.  You can’t do that.  I mean, they’ll still be able to say, we’re going to raise your interest rate to 29 percent, but that can only be the balances going forward.  It can’t be on the money that you borrowed where you thought it was a zero percent.

Well, that's an example of straightforward12(简单的,坦率的) , honest dealing13 that we’re going to be expecting.  We think the financial markets will still make money, the banks can still make money, but they got to make money the old-fashioned way, which is loan money to small businesses who are providing services to the community.  Loan money to Joe for his architectural firm, and he’s going to make sure you pay him back.  Loan people for mortgages, but make sure that you’ve done the due diligence so that you’re not tricking them into something they can’t afford.  Make sure that it’s something that you can afford -- right?

They’re just a bunch of basic, common-sense reforms that we’re putting in place that will allow the market to function. Because the free market is the best system ever devised for creating wealth, but there have got to be some rules in the road so that you’re making money not by gaming the system, but by providing a better product or a better service.  All right?

Well, listen, I want to thank all of you for spending the time.  I know it got a little warm, and you guys just hung in there like troopers.  I want to make sure that I thank, once again, Ted5 Strickland, Sherrod Brown, Mayor Michael Coleman, your lieutenant14 governor, and I believe the next United States senator, Lee Fisher, and Mary Jo Kilroy for being here.  And obviously, I want to thank Joe and Rhonda Weithman and the whole Weithman family for sharing their backyard.

And we’re going to have to make sure that we’re helping15 their lawn here.  It got trampled16 on a little bit.  I hope you guys are not stepping in the corn.  (Laughter.)  Michelle, by the way, would be very proud to see that you’ve got the vegetable garden working.  All right?  Give them a big round of applause, everybody.  (Applause.)  

Thank you very much.  Thank you.  (Applause.)

Oh, and by the way, I just want you to know that the Weithmans made me the “O” in O-h-i-o.  It’s on tape.  It’s on tape somewhere.  (Applause.)

END
11:46 A.M. EDT



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 components 4725dcf446a342f1473a8228e42dfa48     
(机器、设备等的)构成要素,零件,成分; 成分( component的名词复数 ); [物理化学]组分; [数学]分量; (混合物的)组成部分
参考例句:
  • the components of a machine 机器部件
  • Our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。
2 leverage 03gyC     
n.力量,影响;杠杆作用,杠杆的力量
参考例句:
  • We'll have to use leverage to move this huge rock.我们不得不借助杠杆之力来移动这块巨石。
  • He failed in the project because he could gain no leverage. 因为他没有影响力,他的计划失败了。
3 derivatives f75369b9e0ef2282b4d10e367e4ee2a9     
n.衍生性金融商品;派生物,引出物( derivative的名词复数 );导数
参考例句:
  • Many English words are derivatives of Latin words. 许多英语词来自拉丁语。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • These compounds are nitrosohydroxylamine derivatives. 这类合成物是亚硝基羟胺衍生物。 来自辞典例句
4 frankly fsXzcf     
adv.坦白地,直率地;坦率地说
参考例句:
  • To speak frankly, I don't like the idea at all.老实说,我一点也不赞成这个主意。
  • Frankly speaking, I'm not opposed to reform.坦率地说,我不反对改革。
5 ted 9gazhs     
vt.翻晒,撒,撒开
参考例句:
  • The invaders gut ted the village.侵略者把村中财物洗劫一空。
  • She often teds the corn when it's sunny.天好的时候她就翻晒玉米。
6 banking aySz20     
n.银行业,银行学,金融业
参考例句:
  • John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
  • He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。
7 transparent Smhwx     
adj.明显的,无疑的;透明的
参考例句:
  • The water is so transparent that we can see the fishes swimming.水清澈透明,可以看到鱼儿游来游去。
  • The window glass is transparent.窗玻璃是透明的。
8 taxpayer ig5zjJ     
n.纳税人
参考例句:
  • The new scheme will run off with a lot of the taxpayer's money.这项新计划将用去纳税人许多钱。
  • The taxpayer are unfavourably disposed towards the recent tax increase.纳税者对最近的增加税收十分反感。
9 essentially nntxw     
adv.本质上,实质上,基本上
参考例句:
  • Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
  • She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。
10 liquidate I3OyM     
v.偿付,清算,扫除;整理,破产
参考例句:
  • A unanimous vote was taken to liquidate the company.全体投票一致通过停业清理公司。
  • They have not hesitated in the past to liquidate their rivals.过去他们曾毫不犹豫地铲除对手。
11 ramifications 45f4d7d5a0d59c5d453474d22bf296ae     
n.结果,后果( ramification的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • These changes are bound to have widespread social ramifications. 这些变化注定会造成许多难以预料的社会后果。
  • What are the ramifications of our decision to join the union? 我们决定加入工会会引起哪些后果呢? 来自《简明英汉词典》
12 straightforward fFfyA     
adj.正直的,坦率的;易懂的,简单的
参考例句:
  • A straightforward talk is better than a flowery speech.巧言不如直说。
  • I must insist on your giving me a straightforward answer.我一定要你给我一个直截了当的回答。
13 dealing NvjzWP     
n.经商方法,待人态度
参考例句:
  • This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
  • His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。
14 lieutenant X3GyG     
n.陆军中尉,海军上尉;代理官员,副职官员
参考例句:
  • He was promoted to be a lieutenant in the army.他被提升为陆军中尉。
  • He prevailed on the lieutenant to send in a short note.他说动那个副官,递上了一张简短的便条进去。
15 helping 2rGzDc     
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的
参考例句:
  • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
  • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
16 trampled 8c4f546db10d3d9e64a5bba8494912e6     
踩( trample的过去式和过去分词 ); 践踏; 无视; 侵犯
参考例句:
  • He gripped his brother's arm lest he be trampled by the mob. 他紧抓着他兄弟的胳膊,怕他让暴民踩着。
  • People were trampled underfoot in the rush for the exit. 有人在拼命涌向出口时被踩在脚下。
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