四六级阅读难点关键句200句(三)
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

41. His thesis works relatively1 well when applied2 to discrimination against Blacks in the United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as “ racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic3 competition,” can be interpreted as also including hostility4 toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe.

42. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission of and so was crucial in sustaining — the Black heritage of folklore5, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.

43. Even the folk knowledge in social systems on which ordinary life is based in earning, spending, organizing, marrying, taking part in political activities, fighting and so on , is not very dissimilar from the more sophisticated images of the social system derived6 from the social sciences, even though it is built upon the very imperfect samples of personal experience.

44. There are several steps that can be taken, of which the chief one is to demand of all the organizations that exist with the declared objectives of safeguarding the interests of animals that they should declare clearly where they stand on violence towards people.

45. It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural7 differences among neuron types, however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its conduction was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural8 circuits.

46. According to this theory, it is not the quality of the sensory9 nerve impulses that determines the diverse conscious sensations they produce, but rather the different areas of the brain into which they discharge , and there is some evidence for this view.

47. The result of attrition is that, where the areas of the whole leaves follow a normal distribution, a bimodal distribution is produced, one peak composed mainly of fragmented pieces, the other of the larger remains10.

48. The Bible does not tell us how the Roman census11 takers made out, and as regards our more immediate12 concern, the reliability13 of present day economic forecasting, there are considerable difference of opinion.

49. A survey conducted in Britain confirmed that an abnormally high percentage of patients suffering from arthritis14 of the spine15 who had been treated with X rays contracted cancer.
50. Yet across the gulf16 of space, minds that are to our minds as ours are to those of the beasts that perish, intellects vast and cool and unsympathetic, regarded this earth with envious17 eyes, and slowly and surely drew their plans against us.

51. Even the doctoral degree, long recognized as a required “ union card” in the academic world, has come under severe criticism as the pursuit of learning for its own sake and the accumulation of knowledge without immediate application to a professor’s classroom duties.

52. While a selection of necessary details is involved in both, the officer must remain neutral and clearly try to present a picture of the facts, while the artist usually begins with a preconceived message or attitude which is then transmitted through the use of carefully selected details of action described in words intended to provoke associations and emotional reactions in the reader.

53. Articles in the popular press even criticize the Gross National Production (GNP) because it is not such a complete index of welfare, ignoring, on the one hand, that it was never intended to be, and suggesting, on the other, that with appropriate changes it could be converted into one.

54. Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size, number, arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but as far as psychoneuaral correlations18 were concerned, the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable19 than any of the minute differences.

55. The Chinese have distributed publications to farmers and other rural residents instructing them in what to watch for their animals so that every household can join in helping20 to predict earthquakes.

56. Supporters of the Star Wars defense21 system hope that this would not only protect a nation against an actual nuclear attack, but would be enough of a threat to keep a nuclear war from ever happening.

57. Neither would it prevent cruise missiles or bombers22, whose flights are within the Earth’s atmosphere, from hitting their targets.

58. Civil rights activists23 have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies.

59. During the nineteenth century, she argues, the concept of the “useful” child who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present day notion of the “useless” child who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly24 to its parents, is yet considered emotionally “ priceless”.

60. Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800’s, this new view of childhood spread throughout society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child labor25 regulations and compulsory26 education laws predicted in part on the assumption that a child’s emotional value made child labor taboo27.

第三部分(41-60句译文)

41、对于针对美国黑人的种族歧视,他的理论相对成立得较好,但是他将种族偏见如此定义:“在某一特定区域内的种族竞争中被普遍接受的一个种族所受到的基于种族的负面偏见。”可以看作也包含有对象加州的中国人以及中世纪的犹太人等少数民族的敌视。

42、加特曼确凿地说明黑人家庭的稳定鼓励了黑人文化遗产的传递和维护,这些遗产包括从一代传到另一代的民间传说,音乐,和宗教表述,这些遗产使非洲和美洲的奴隶们特色显著。

43、即使社会系统的民间知识中像挣钱,花费,组织,婚嫁,政治活动的参与,以及战斗等等,都与从社会科学中衍生出来更加精细的社会系统描述相差不多,尽管它是建立在一个不太完善的个人经验上的模型。

44、有几项措施可以采取,其中主要的是要所有宣布以保护动物利益为目标的组织都明确宣布他们对于人类所受到的暴力袭击表决坚定的立场、

45、用其他方式来展示神经类型的细微差别也是可能的,然而,要证明脉冲质量和传导受到这些差别的影响还缺乏证据,看起来这些差别影响的是神经单元的发展形成方式。

46、根据这一理论,不是由感觉神经脉冲的质量来决定他们产生的各种神经感觉的,而是由他们被发射到大脑的哪一部位来决定的,对这一观点是有证据的。

47、磨擦的结果是,在叶面上服从正态分布的地方就会产生两种分布方式,顶点上主要是小块,其他的地方是小块,其他的地方是大块的地方。

48、圣经没有告诉我们罗马的数据统计者们怎样达到我们今天的经济预测的可靠性的,我们进一步思考的话,其中的意见上有很大的不同。

49、在英国进行的一项调查证实经常接受X光照射的脊椎关节炎患者癌症的百分比高得不正常。

50、然而,穿过太空的港湾,那里的意识对于我们的来说就像我们的意识比动物的意识一样,冷酷广博而无情的智慧,用嫉妒的眼睛看作地球,慢慢地肯定会制定针对我们的计划。

51、即使是学术界被长时间认作必须“同盟卡”的博士学位,现在也因为仅仅为了学习本身和知识的累积而学习,却不把知识应用到教授的教学职责中去而受到了严厉的批评。

52、尽管收集必要的信息对于两者来说都是需要的,但官员必须以中立和清晰的态度来提供事实的画面,而艺术家从已设字的信息或者态度开始,并将其过用激发读者共鸣和情绪反应的词语描写的动用细节描述出来。

53、流行期刊中甚至有文章批评国民生产总值,因为它并不是一个福利目录,一方面忽视了它从来就没有这种倾向,另一方面的建议是通过正确的改变它才能被转化过来。

54、其他的实验揭示神经细胞的大小、数量、排列和连接的细微变化,但就神经关联而言,这些感觉区域的相似性比那些细微的区别更有意义可言。

55、中国向农民和其它农村住户发放了宣传刊物,指导他们观察动物,以便每户人家都能参与帮助地震预报。

56、星球大战防御系统的支持者们希望它不仅能保护一个遭受核攻击的国家,也希望它能成为使核攻击永不发生的足够威胁。

57、它也不能防止轨道在地球大气层以内的洲际导弹和轰炸机命中目标。

58、人民活动家一直认为黑人和拉丁美人难以在生意上立足的原因是因为他们难以取得大公司的大宗定单和分包合同。

59、她认为十九世纪给家庭经济作出贡献的孩子才“有用”的概念慢慢改变了,今天提到那些没有挣取收入的“无用”孩子,甚至还要花销很多,仍然在情感上被认为是无价的。

60、这种关于孩子的观点到19世纪时已在中上阶级中建立,并于19世纪末20世纪初在社会上广泛传播,当时改革者们推行童工规定和义务教育法,部分来源于孩子的情感价值的假设,这都使得使用童工被禁止了。



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 relatively bkqzS3     
adv.比较...地,相对地
参考例句:
  • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
  • The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
2 applied Tz2zXA     
adj.应用的;v.应用,适用
参考例句:
  • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
3 ethnic jiAz3     
adj.人种的,种族的,异教徒的
参考例句:
  • This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏,这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
  • The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。
4 hostility hdyzQ     
n.敌对,敌意;抵制[pl.]交战,战争
参考例句:
  • There is open hostility between the two leaders.两位领导人表现出公开的敌意。
  • His hostility to your plan is well known.他对你的计划所持的敌意是众所周知的。
5 folklore G6myz     
n.民间信仰,民间传说,民俗
参考例句:
  • Zhuge Liang is a synonym for wisdom in folklore.诸葛亮在民间传说中成了智慧的代名词。
  • In Chinese folklore the bat is an emblem of good fortune.在中国的民间传说中蝙蝠是好运的象征。
6 derived 6cddb7353e699051a384686b6b3ff1e2     
vi.起源;由来;衍生;导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 );(从…中)得到获得;源于;(从…中)提取
参考例句:
  • Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek. 英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father. 他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。 来自《简明英汉词典》
7 structural itXw5     
adj.构造的,组织的,建筑(用)的
参考例句:
  • The storm caused no structural damage.风暴没有造成建筑结构方面的破坏。
  • The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities.北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。
8 neural DnXzFt     
adj.神经的,神经系统的
参考例句:
  • The neural network can preferably solve the non- linear problem.利用神经网络建模可以较好地解决非线性问题。
  • The information transmission in neural system depends on neurotransmitters.信息传递的神经途径有赖于神经递质。
9 sensory Azlwe     
adj.知觉的,感觉的,知觉器官的
参考例句:
  • Human powers of sensory discrimination are limited.人类感官分辨能力有限。
  • The sensory system may undergo long-term adaptation in alien environments.感觉系统对陌生的环境可能经过长时期才能适应。
10 remains 1kMzTy     
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
参考例句:
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
11 census arnz5     
n.(官方的)人口调查,人口普查
参考例句:
  • A census of population is taken every ten years.人口普查每10年进行一次。
  • The census is taken one time every four years in our country.我国每四年一次人口普查。
12 immediate aapxh     
adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的
参考例句:
  • His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
  • We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。
13 reliability QVexf     
n.可靠性,确实性
参考例句:
  • We mustn't presume too much upon the reliability of such sources.我们不应过分指望这类消息来源的可靠性。
  • I can assure you of the reliability of the information.我向你保证这消息可靠。
14 arthritis XeyyE     
n.关节炎
参考例句:
  • Rheumatoid arthritis has also been linked with the virus.风湿性关节炎也与这种病毒有关。
  • He spent three months in the hospital with acute rheumatic arthritis.他患急性风湿性关节炎,在医院住了三个月。
15 spine lFQzT     
n.脊柱,脊椎;(动植物的)刺;书脊
参考例句:
  • He broke his spine in a fall from a horse.他从马上跌下摔断了脊梁骨。
  • His spine developed a slight curve.他的脊柱有点弯曲。
16 gulf 1e0xp     
n.海湾;深渊,鸿沟;分歧,隔阂
参考例句:
  • The gulf between the two leaders cannot be bridged.两位领导人之间的鸿沟难以跨越。
  • There is a gulf between the two cities.这两座城市间有个海湾。
17 envious n8SyX     
adj.嫉妒的,羡慕的
参考例句:
  • I don't think I'm envious of your success.我想我并不嫉妒你的成功。
  • She is envious of Jane's good looks and covetous of her car.她既忌妒简的美貌又垂涎她的汽车。
18 correlations 4a9b6fe1ddc2671881c9aa3d6cc07e8e     
相互的关系( correlation的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • One would expect strong and positive correlations between both complexes. 人们往往以为这两个综合体之间有紧密的正相关。
  • The correlations are of unequal value. 这些对应联系的价值并不相同。
19 remarkable 8Vbx6     
adj.显著的,异常的,非凡的,值得注意的
参考例句:
  • She has made remarkable headway in her writing skills.她在写作技巧方面有了长足进步。
  • These cars are remarkable for the quietness of their engines.这些汽车因发动机没有噪音而不同凡响。
20 helping 2rGzDc     
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的
参考例句:
  • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
  • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
21 defense AxbxB     
n.防御,保卫;[pl.]防务工事;辩护,答辩
参考例句:
  • The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
  • The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。
22 bombers 38202cf84a1722d1f7273ea32117f60d     
n.轰炸机( bomber的名词复数 );投弹手;安非他明胶囊;大麻叶香烟
参考例句:
  • Enemy bombers carried out a blitz on the city. 敌军轰炸机对这座城市进行了突袭。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The Royal Airforce sill remained dangerously short of bombers. 英国皇家空军仍未脱离极为缺乏轰炸机的危境。 来自《简明英汉词典》
23 activists 90fd83cc3f53a40df93866d9c91bcca4     
n.(政治活动的)积极分子,活动家( activist的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
  • Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》
24 costly 7zXxh     
adj.昂贵的,价值高的,豪华的
参考例句:
  • It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
  • This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用,左不过贵了些。
25 labor P9Tzs     
n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦
参考例句:
  • We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
  • He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后,他已经疲惫不堪了。
26 compulsory 5pVzu     
n.强制的,必修的;规定的,义务的
参考例句:
  • Is English a compulsory subject?英语是必修课吗?
  • Compulsory schooling ends at sixteen.义务教育至16岁为止。
27 taboo aqBwg     
n.禁忌,禁止接近,禁止使用;adj.禁忌的;v.禁忌,禁制,禁止
参考例句:
  • The rude words are taboo in ordinary conversation.这些粗野的字眼在日常谈话中是禁忌的。
  • Is there a taboo against sex before marriage in your society?在你们的社会里,婚前的性行为犯禁吗?
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