《高中英语语法大全》 不定代词
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2023-10-30 08:23 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
九、不定代词
1. 不定代词概说。英语的不定代词有 all, each, both, either1, neither2, one, none3, little, few4, many, much, other, another, some, any, no,  few,  little, both, enough, every 等,以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词(即somebody5, anyone6, nothing 等)。在这些不定代词中,多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语,但是代词 none 以及由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语,不能作定语,而 no 和 every 则只用作定语。
2. 指两者和三者的不定代词。有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither),有的不定代词用于指三者(如all, any, none, every),注意不要弄混:
Both of my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。
All of the students are interested7 in it. 所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。
There are trees on any side8 of the square. 广场的每一边都种有树。
He has two sons, neither of whom10 is rich. 他有两个儿子,都不富有。
He has three sons, none of whom is rich. 他有三个儿子,都不富有。
注:each 可用于两者、三者或三者以上,而 every 只用于三者或三者以上,因此用于两者时只能用 each,不能用 every。如不能说 There are trees on every side of the road.
3. 复合不定代词的用法特点。复合不定代词包括 something, somebody, someone11, anything, anybody12, anyone, nothing, nobody13, no one, everything, everybody14, everyone 等。它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语。something, someone 等和 anything, anyone等的区别与 some 和 any 的区别一样,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句(参见 any & some)。具体使用时应注意以下几点:
(1) 复合不定代词受定语修饰时,定语应放在它们后面:
There is nothing wrong with the radio. 这收音机没有毛病。
Have you seen15 anyone [anybody] famous16?  你见过名人吗?
(2) 指人的复合不定代词若用作主语,其谓语动词一般用单数,相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they, them, their:
Everyone knows this, doesn't he [don't they]? 人人都知道这一点,不是吗?
If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait. 要是有人来,让他等着。
(3) 指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语,谓语动词只能用单数,相应的人称代词也只能用 it,而不用 they:
Everything is ready, isn't it?  一切都准备好了,是吗?
(4) anyone, everyone 等只能指人,不能指物,且其后一般不接of 短语。若是指物或后接 of 短语,可用 any one, every one (分开写):
any one of the boys (books) 孩子们(书)当中的任何一个(本)
every one of the students (schools) 每一个学生(一所学校)
4. 是any not 还是 not any。按英语习惯,any 以及含有any的复合不定代词用于否定句时,它只能出现在否定词之后,而不能在否定词之前:
误:Any one doesn't know how to do it.
正:No one knows how to do it. 任何人都不知道如何做它。
误:Anybody [Anyone] cannot do it.
正:Nobody [No one] can do it. 这事谁也干不了。
误:Anything cannot prevent17 me from going18.
正:Nothing can prevent me from going. 什么也不能阻挡我去。
5. 不定代词与部分否定。不定代词all, both, every 等与 not 连用时构成部分否定;若        要表示完全否定,则需换用 none, neither, no one等。比较:
All of the students like the novel19. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
Not all of the students like the novel. 并不是所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
All of the students don’t like the novel. 并不是所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。
None of the students like the novel. 这些学生当中没有一个喜欢这本小说。
6. all, both, each 等用作同位语。若用作主语同位语,主语可以是名词或代词;若用作宾语等其他成分的同位语,则宾语等成分必须是人称代词,而不能是名词:
We have all read it. 我们都读过他。(all 修饰的主语是代词)
The villages have all been destroyed20. 村庄都被毁了。(all 修饰的主语是名词)
They told us all to wait there. 他叫我们都在那儿等。(all 修饰的宾语是代词)
但不能说:They told the men all to wait there. (all 修饰的宾语是名词不是代词)
7. so little 与 such21 little的区别。用so little还是such little取决于little的意思:若表示数量方面的“少”,则用so little;若表示形状体积的“小”,则用such little:
He has so little time for reading22. 他读书的时间少得可怜。
I've never seen such little boxes. 我从未见过那样小的盒子。
8. some 与 any的用法区别。一般说来,some 用于肯定句中,any 用于否定句和疑问句中。但是,在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中,通常要用 some 而不用any:
Would23 you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吗?
Why not buy some bread? 为什么不买些面包呢?
Shall24 I get some chalk25 for you? 要我帮你拿些粉笔来吗?
注:any 有时也用于肯定句中,此时表示“任何”:
Any colour will do. 任何颜色都行。
Come any day you like. 随便哪天来都可以。
9. many 与 much的用法区别。两者都表示“许多”,但 many 修饰或代替可数名词(复数),与 few(少数)相对;而 much 用来修饰或代替不可数名词(单数),与little(少量)相对。在口语中两者主要用于非肯定句中:
Did26 you see many people there? 你在那儿看见许多人了吗?
We don't have much time. 我们没有许多时间。
在肯定句中,一般用 a lot of, lots of, plenty27 of 等代之。但在正式文体中有时也用于肯定句中;另外,若用作主语或主语的定语,或其前有 how, too, as9, so, a good, a great 等修饰,也可用于肯定句中:
Many of us left early. 我们有许多人离开得很早。
Much work has been done. 许多工作都已经做了。
You've given28 me too much. 你已给我太多了。
Take as many (much) as you want. 你要多少拿多少。
I asked her a great many questions. 我问了她许多问题。
10. few, a few 与 little, a little的用法区别。
(1) few和a few 后接可数名词的复数形式。few 表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意义;a few 表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意义:
It is very difficult, and few people understand it. 它很难,没有几个人能懂。
It is very difficult, but a few people understand it. 他虽难,但是有些人懂。
(2) little 和 a little 之后接不可数名词,其区别跟 few 和 a few 之间的区别相似:
Unfortunately29, I had31 little money on me. 很不巧,我身上没带什么钱。
Fortunately30, I had a little money on me.  幸好我身上带着一点钱。
11. other, the other, another与others32的用法区别:这些不定代词不仅在含义上有单复数之分,而且在用法上有泛指(无the)和特指(有the)之别。其用法区别可归纳如下:
(1) 指单数时,若泛指用another,若特指用 the other:
Give me another (one). 另外给我一个。
    Shut the other eye, please. 请把另一只眼睛也闭上。
(2) 指复数时,若泛指用 other(后接复数名词),若特指用the other(后接复数名词):
There are other ways of doing it. 做这事还有其他的办法。
Where have the other students gone? 其他学生都到哪里去了?
(3) others永远表示复数意义(且其后不能再接名词)。其用法大致相当于“other+复数名词”,同样地 the others 大致相当于“the other+复数名词”:
Other people [Others] may not think that way. 别的人可能不这样想。
He is cleverer than the others [the other students] in her class. 他比班上其他学生聪明。
(4) another一般只能表单数,且其后接名词也只能接单数名词。但是若其后有数词或 few 修饰时,则也可接复数名词:
We need another few chairs. 我们还需要几把椅子。
In another two weeks it'll be finished33. 再过两个星期就可做完了。
(5) 与 some 对比使用时,用 others(此时与 some 同义):
Some say yes, and others say no. 有人说对,有人说不对。
12. 不定代词与语境考题。不定代词是高考的常考考点,有的不定代词考题出得比较灵活,不能死套规则,要注意结合语境来理解:
(1) “Is ____ here?” “No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.”
A. anybody      B. everybody     C. somebody       D. nobody
若只是从表面来看,填空句是个疑问句,可能会误选A。但其实此题最佳答案应选B,因为下文的答句说“只有Bob和Tim请假了”,这说明问句是在查人数,故用 Is everybody here? (大家都到齐了吗?)
(2) I agree34 with most of what you said35, but I don't agree with _____.
A. everything   B. anything      C. something      D. nothing
此句若从表面看,有可能误选B,因为填空句为否定句。但实际上最佳答案为A,因为上文说“我同意他说的大部分内容”,这与下文的 but I don’t agree with everything(但并不是同意他说的所有内容)完全相符。
(3) “Do you have _____ at home now, Mary?” “No, we still have to get some fruit and tea.”
A. something     B. anything      C. everything      D. nothing
答案选C,句意为“玛丽,现在家里东西都准备齐了吗?”“还没有,我们还要买些水果和茶。”
(4) “If you want a necklace36, I’ll buy one for you at once.” “Oh, no. A necklace is not _____ that I need most.
A. anything   B. something    C. nothing    D. everything
此题容易误选A,机械地认为:something 用于肯定句,anything 用于否定句或疑问句。但是,此题的最佳答案是B,something 在此的意思不是“某种东西”,而是指“那种东西”或“这种东西”,即心中最想要的那种东西(相当于 the thing)。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 either pq6x9     
adj.任一,两方的;prep.任一,随便任一个;conj.或,也
参考例句:
  • I have bought two books,you can have either.我买了两本书,你要哪一本都可以。
  • I don't think either of them are at home.我想他们中任何一个都不在家。
2 neither nRTzG     
adj.皆不,两不;int.两者都不;conj.既非,既不
参考例句:
  • I don't know that neither.那个我也不知道。
  • He doesn't smoke neither does he drink.他既不抽烟也不喝酒。
3 none pHjxr     
adv.一点也不;prep.没人,毫无;pron.没有人,没有任何东西
参考例句:
  • Remember that none is perfect.记住没有任何人是完美的。
  • There's almost none left.几乎一个没剩。
4 few kk0x2     
adj.很少的,不多的,少数的;int.少数的
参考例句:
  • There are few woods in that area.那个地区几乎没有森林。
  • I have a few questions.我有些问题要问你。
5 somebody EwPw4     
n.重要人物;pron.某人,有人
参考例句:
  • Somebody is using the computer.有人在用电脑。
  • He seems to be somebody.他似乎是个重要人物。
6 anyone aMCy4     
pron.(=everybody)任何人
参考例句:
  • Anyone who wants to can join.愿意的都可以参加。
  • Have you got anyone to speak for you?你找到人代表你们发言了吗?
7 interested WqFzGH     
adj.感兴趣的;拥有权益的;有成见的v.使…感兴趣(interest的过去分词)
参考例句:
  • to be interested in wildlife conservation 对野生动物保护感兴趣
  • I told him I wasn't interested, but he wasn't deterred. 我已告诉他我不感兴趣,可他却不罢休。
8 side Ay6w0     
n.边,旁边;面,侧面
参考例句:
  • The shop is on the west side of the street.商店在街道的西边。
  • There was a lot of people on every side. 到处都是人。
9 as pNiyL     
conj.按照;如同
参考例句:
  • He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
  • In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里,这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
10 whom CghwM     
pron.谁(who的宾格)
参考例句:
  • That is the man whom I met in Beijing last year.他就是我去年在北京碰见的那个人。
  • He married a wife by whom he had two daughters.他娶了妻子并跟她生了两个女儿。
11 someone Cwvw3     
pron.某人,有人
参考例句:
  • I can hear someone knocking.我听到有人敲门。
  • Someone wants to see her.有人找她。
12 anybody 7Mcy5     
n.重要人物;pron.任何人
参考例句:
  • They do not see anybody.他们没看见任何人。
  • You couldn't tell anybody.你不能告诉任何人。
13 nobody TGcxW     
pron.无人,没有任何人
参考例句:
  • Nobody is in the house.没有人在房子里。
  • Nobody knows where she lives.没有人知道她住哪里。
14 everybody gnWx5     
pron.每人,人人(=everyone)
参考例句:
  • Christmas is a holiday for everybody.圣诞节是所有人的节日。
  • It is difficult to find a time that suits everybody.很难找到一个对每人都合适的时间。
15 seen ujyzZX     
vbl.(see的过去分词)看见
参考例句:
  • Since I left college, I have not seen him.自从我离开大学以后,就没有见过他了。
  • I hope to have seen the film next week.我希望下星期能看到这部电影。
16 famous xloxC     
adj.著名的,驰名的,闻名遐迩的;极好的;擅长的
参考例句:
  • The hotel is famous for its suppers.那个酒店以晚餐而著称。
  • He is famous for his learning.他以有学问而出名。
17 prevent YQLxg     
v.预防,防止
参考例句:
  • Nobody can prevent our getting married.谁也阻止不了我们结婚。
  • My only idea was to prevent the woman from speaking.我唯一的想法就是不让那女人讲话。
18 going dsHzY9     
n.去,离去,地面(或道路)的状况,工作情况;(复数形式)goings: 行为;adj.进行中的,流行的,现存的
参考例句:
  • We're going to listen to a report this afternoon. 今天下午我们要去听报告。
  • He hates leaving the office and going on holiday.他不愿离开办公室去度假。
19 novel o0ayi     
n.小说,长篇故事;adj.新奇的,异常的
参考例句:
  • She spent a peaceful afternoon by the river,reading a novel.她在河边看小说,度过了一个宁静的下午。
  • She finished writing her novel.她完成了她的小说。
20 Destroyed aefbd0597f1bc2493bbc18898243513b     
adj. 遭破坏的 动词destroy的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • alpine villages destroyed in an avalanche 在一场雪崩中被摧毁的高山村庄
  • The building was completely destroyed by fire. 这栋建筑物被大火彻底焚毁了。
21 such psww9     
adj.如此的,这样的;pron.这样的;adv.如此地
参考例句:
  • He is such a man.他是这样一个人。
  • He spent all his money,he is such a fool.他这样傻,花光了所有的钱。
22 reading YiGyU     
n.阅读,知识,读物,表演,对法律条文的解释;adj.阅读的
参考例句:
  • Children learn reading and writing at school.孩子们在学校学习阅读和写作。
  • He finds pleasure in reading.他从阅读中得到乐趣。
23 would 8fPwB     
aux.will的过去式;愿,要;常常;大概;将要,会
参考例句:
  • Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说?
  • Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗?
24 shall lzFwQ     
v.aux.(主要用于第一人称)将
参考例句:
  • I shall always love you.我将永远爱你。
  • Which club shall we join?我们要参加哪个社团?
25 chalk QXozi     
n.粉笔;v.用粉笔写,记录
参考例句:
  • Please give me a piece of chalk.请给我一支粉笔。
  • I want a piece of red chalk.我想要一支红粉笔。
26 did SvwxP     
v.动词do的过去式
参考例句:
  • How many goals did you score in the last game?上一场比赛你们进了几个球?
  • Why did you choose basketball in the first place?你为何首先选择篮球呢?
27 plenty EORxi     
adj.充足的,相当多的;n.充足,大量;pron.充分,够多
参考例句:
  • We have plenty of time to finish the job.我们有充裕的时间完成这项工作。
  • Plenty of people have come.来了很多人。
28 given tsNzSl     
adj.赠予的,沉溺的,特定的,假设的;vbl.give的过去分词
参考例句:
  • This was given me as a birthday gift.这是给我的生日礼物。
  • He was given every chance to try the job.他得到一切可能的机会去试做这件事。
29 unfortunately okWwD     
adv.不幸地,可惜的是
参考例句:
  • I called on you yesterday,but unfortunately you were out.昨天我来看你,但是不幸的是你不在。
  • She had gone home,unfortunately.遗憾的是她已回家了。
30 fortunately xijx1     
adv.有幸地;幸运地
参考例句:
  • Fortunately for him,he can swim.对他来说幸运的是,他会游泳。
  • Fortunately the rain stopped before we started.幸亏在我们动身前雨停了。
31 had FeBxb     
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词;conj.有
参考例句:
  • I just had a good idea!我有个好主意!
  • The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
32 others mmczaZ     
prep.(pl.)另外的人
参考例句:
  • Learning from others is important.向别人学习很重要。
  • She is always ready to help others.她总是乐于助人。
33 finished otFzWn     
adj.完成的,精湛的;v.动词finish的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • We finished up everything there was on the table. 我们把桌上的东西全吃完了。
  • We can certainly have the job finished on time.我们肯定能按时完成任务。
34 agree DKSyI     
vi.同意,赞成,承认,适合;vt.同意
参考例句:
  • I totally agree with you.我完全同意你的看法。
  • They could not agree about who should do the work.对于谁该做这项工作,他们意见不一致。
35 said IYtxh     
v.动词say的过去式、过去分词
参考例句:
  • He said to me that he could not come.他对我说他不能来。
  • He said to his mother that he would do it by himself.他对他的母亲说他将自己独立做那件事。
36 necklace UGjxm     
n.项链,项圈
参考例句:
  • She wears a necklace.她戴着项链。
  • Your necklace is just like mine.你的项链和我的项链很相似。
发表评论
请自觉遵守互联网相关的政策法规,严禁发布色情、暴力、反动的言论。
评价:
表情:
验证码:点击我更换图片