第三部分：名词性从句中的虚拟语气

　　第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clasue)中的虚拟语气

　　一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气

　　在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。

　　一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）：

　　从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was¹)，实义动词用过去式。例：

　　1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道)

　　2. I wish it were spring in my hometown² all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能)

　　3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能)

　　4. When she was at the party,she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家)

　　5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood³ Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood)

　　现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂)

　　6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)

　　二）、对过去情况的虚拟（和过去的事实相反）：

　　用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could⁵, might⁶+现在完成时。例：

　　1. I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn"t wasted⁸ so much time.

　　我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事实上已浪费了)

　　2. He wishes he hadn"t lost the chance⁹.

　　他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)

　　3. We wished he had⁷ spoken¹⁰ to us.

　　(wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)

　　4. I wish you had called earlier.

　　(wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了)

　　5. They will wish they had listened to us sooner.

　　(will wish,had + listened)(事实上并不如此)

　　例题分析：I wish I ______ longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

　　A. could have slept 　　B. slept　　C. might have slept 　　D. have slept

动词wish后面接从句，表达不可能实现或与事实相反的情况时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即用过去式（表示现在发生的动作）或过去完成式（表示过去发生的动作）。本题后半句谓语动词have用的是过去时had

　　to get up and come, 所以前面要用过去完成时表示过去发生的动作。所以, 选项A)could have slept是答案

　　三）、对将来情况的虚拟(表示将来的主观愿望)：

　　从句动词"would⁴/should/could/might + 动词原形"(时间上较后)(请注意：主句和从句的主语不相同)。用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。例：

　　1. I wish it would stop raining.(虚拟动词would+动词原形stop)

　　我希望雨能停止。(事实上雨还在下着呢)

　　2. I wish you would be quiet.(would + be)

　　我希望你安静一些。(事实上那家伙还在吵着呢)

　　3. You wished she would arrive the next day.(would + arrive)

　　你希望她第二天会到。(事实上她还没到)

　　4. I wish she would change her mind¹¹.(would + change)

　　我希望她会改变主意。(呵呵，女孩子可没那么容易就改变主意喔)

　　5. He will wish we would join him the following¹² week.(would + join)

　　(只是希望我们和他在一起，实际上还没在一起)

　　四）、注意：

　　1.如果将wish改为过去式wished, 其后that 从句中的动词形式不变。例如：

　　I wished I hadn"t spent so much money.

　　我要是那时没有花掉那么多钱就好了。

　　2. 如果that 从句中用would , 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求

　　I wish he would answer my letter.

　　I wish prices¹³ would come down.

　　I wish you would help me.

　　I wish you would stop asking silly¹⁴ questions.

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