无敌英语语法(初级版)-第14章 2 不定式的几个主要句型及应注意事项
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

1 不定式的否定式和《ask(tell)sb.(not)to do sth.》句型

不定式的否定式的句型是《not +不定式》,经常和ask(tell…)to do sth.句型连用。尤其在间接引语中。

My father said1 to me,“Don't be late.”

爸爸对我说:“不要迟到”。

变为间接引语:

My father told(asked)me not to be late.

I said to him,“Don't open the window.”

我对他说:“不要打开窗户”。

变为间接引语:

I asked him not to open the window.

比较

不定式的否定式和否定句的区别否定句:

I didn't ask him to open the window.

我没有拜托他打开窗户。

不定式的否定式:

I asked him not to

open the window.

我请他不要打开窗户。

必背!

ask a question           提问题

ask sb. for help          请求某人来帮助

ask sb. to come         请某人来

2“疑问词+不定式”结构

I know how to cook.

我知道如何煮。

I don't know what to buy for you.

我不知道要买什么东西给你。

不定式可以和疑问代词who,what,which及疑问副词when,how,where连用,构成不定式短语,在句中担当主语、宾语、表语等成分。

1.作主语

What to do is a big problem3.

做什么是个大问题。

2.作宾语

I know how to use the computer.

我知道如何使用计算机。

3.作宾语补足语

Can you tell me which way to go?

你能告诉我走哪条路吗?

I didn't find out when to leave.

我不清楚何时出发的。(介词宾语)

He taught4 me how to read it.

他教过我如何读它。

She will tell me where to go.

她会告诉我去什么地方的。

4.作表语

The question is how to get there.

问题是如何到达那儿。

3 不定式中省去to的情况

1.当两个或两个以上的不定式并列在一起时,第一个不定式带to,后面的不定式往往省略to,参见下文首

例;但是,如果是在对照的场合,就不可以省去to,

参见下文后例。

He told me to finish my homework and(to) hand it in.

他对我说:“完成作业并把它交上去”。

It is better to laugh than to cry.

笑比哭好。

2.在感官动词see,watch,look at,hear,listen to,feel和使役动词make,have,let等所接的宾语中(不定式)作宾语补足语),不定式应省去to。但是在被动语态中,则to不能省掉。

注意

疑问词+不定式作宾语和宾语补足语时,常与下列动词连用:know,show,teach,tell,find out,learn,decide,forget等。

句型转换

简单句:

I don't know what to do.

复合句:

I don't know what I should do.

我不知道要做什么。

how的用法

How old are you?

你多大了?

How are you?

你好吗?

How do you do?

你好吗?

How tall he is!

他多高啊!

(感叹句)

How did2 you come here?

你怎么来这儿的?

(对状语提问)

I saw5 him dance.

被动:He was6 seen7 to dance.

我看到他跳舞。

The boss8 made9 them work the whole10 night.

老板迫使他们工作了一整夜。

被动:They were made to work the whole night.

Let me listen to you sing the song.

让我听你唱这首歌。

被动:You will be listened to sing the song(by me).

3.help后面的不定式可带to,也可不带to。

I often help him(to)clean the room.

我常常帮他打扫房间。

4 不定式中原形动词的省略

为了避免重复,口语中常可省去与前边动词重复的动词原形,而只留下to。

Would11 you like to go with me?

你愿意和我一起去吗?

I'd like to.我愿意。

If you don't want to read it,you don't need to(read it).

如果你不愿意读它,就不必去读。

5 want,wish,promise12hope13 +不定式

I want you to go there.           我想要你去那儿。

I promise to sing a song.         我答应唱一首歌。

I hope to meet you again.       我希望能再遇到你。

1.《want(wish)to do sth.》和《want(wish)sb. to do sth.》

两个句型意思不同。前者是主语想去做某事。后者是宾语sb.去做某事。wish与want用法一致。

He wants(wishes)to start at once.

他想要(希望)马上开始(出发)。

He wants(wishes)me to start at once.

他想要(希望)我马上开始(出发)。

2.promise to do~与promise sb. to do sth.这两个句型都可以用

He promised14 to attend15 the meeting16.

他答应去开会。(主语He去参加会议)

He promised us to attend the meeting.

他答应我们,他去参加会议。

(不是宾语us去参加会议,而还是主语He去参加会议)

Our teacher promised to have a good rest.

老师答应(允诺)他要好好休息。

Our teacher promised us to have a good rest.

老师答应我们(老师向我们许下诺言)他要好好休息。

(绝不是让我们好好休息。“Our teacher allowed17 us to have a good rest.”才是此意)

3.hope to do sth.希望做某事

hope该词只有此句型,而没有hope sb.to do sth.(×)

I hope to do it myself18.我希望自己亲自做。

(×)I hope you to do it yourself19.

比较

want sb. to do sth.与would like sb. to do sth.的意思一样,只不过后者更客气一些。want to do~与would like to do~是一样的,只是语气不同。

I would like you to help me.

我想请你帮忙。

(更客气些)

I want you to help me.

我想要你帮忙。

注意

要表达希望某人做某事,不可用hope作动词,而需要用want,would like等动词(参见186页1.)。

6 too…to~/enough to~(这是两个非常有用的句型,务必要熟记)

I was too tired to sleep.我太累了,(以致)难于入睡。

He was lucky20 enough to find a seat21.他够幸运的,能找到座位。

1.句型:too +形容词或副词+to do~.

太……(以致)不能(做)……

They are too shy22 to speak English.

他们太腼腆了,说不了英语。

The boy was too frightened23 to move.

小男孩太害怕了,(以致)一步也动不了。

此句型还可以是too…for sb. / sth. to do~.意思是:对于某人(某物)来说,太……以致不能……

The question is too difficult for us to answer.

这问题对我们来讲太难了,我们不能回答。

It is too dark24 for him to see anything in the room.

房间里太黑了,他什么也看不见。

句型转换

简单句:too…to

复合句:so…that(can't…)

简单句:The box is too heavy for him to lift.

复合句:The box is so heavy that he can't lift it.

这个箱子太沉了,他抬不起来。

简单句:Li Ming was too excited25 to say a word.

复合句:Li Ming was so excited that he couldn't say a word.

李明太激动了,一句话也说不出来了。

2.句型:形容词+enough to do sth.十分(足够)……

He is rich enough to buy a car.

他很富有,可以买辆小汽车。

他富得足以买辆小汽车。

She was kind enough to help me.

她很善良,才帮助了我。

句型转换

简单句:形容词(副词)+enough +to do~

复合句:so…that can do~

简单句:He runs fast enough to get there first.

复合句:He runs so fast that he can get there first.

他跑得够快的,完全可以第一个到达。

简单句:The question is simple26 enough for him to answer.

复合句:The question is so simple that he can answer it.

对于他来讲,这个问题很简单,他可以回答。

7 It is(was)+形容词+of(for)sb. to~.

It is kind of you to help me.您能帮助我,真是太好了。

It is easy for me to speak English.对于我来讲,说英语很容易

《It is(was)+形容词+of(for)sb.to~.》这一句型非常重要,应用也十分广泛,应特别注意of和for的使用情况。

在什么情况下用for sb.,什么情况下用of sb.呢?

主要从以下两方面来进行区别:

1.两者所使用的形容词不同

a. for sb.的句型通常使用表示客观情况的形容词

如:easy,difficult,hard,important27,necessary,unnecessary,possible,impossible,interesting等。

It was hard for him to say good-bye.

对他来说,道声再见是很难的。

b. of sb.的句型一般用表示主观感情或态度的形容词。如:good,kind,nice,wise,clever,foolish28,right,wrong,careful,careless等。

It is foolish of you to do that.

你真傻,做那样的事。

It was clever of him to say good-bye.

对于他来说,(在那种时刻)说声再见是最明智不过了。

2.of sb.句型一般都可以转换成一个不定式作状语的句子,而for sb.句型则不可以。

It is very kind of you to help me.

→(○)You are very kind to help me.

你帮助我,真是太好了!

It is right of you to fight29 for the people.

→(○)You are right to fight for the people.

为人民而斗争是正确的。

It is very important for her to express30 her opinions31.

表达她的意见,对她来讲是非常重要的。

(×)She is very important to express her opinions.

 



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 said IYtxh     
v.动词say的过去式、过去分词
参考例句:
  • He said to me that he could not come.他对我说他不能来。
  • He said to his mother that he would do it by himself.他对他的母亲说他将自己独立做那件事。
2 did SvwxP     
v.动词do的过去式
参考例句:
  • How many goals did you score in the last game?上一场比赛你们进了几个球?
  • Why did you choose basketball in the first place?你为何首先选择篮球呢?
3 problem hQaxH     
n.问题;难题
参考例句:
  • The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
  • This problem is too hard for me to solve.这个问题太难,我解决不了。
4 taught Sq2wK     
v.teach的过去式过去分词
参考例句:
  • Children must be taught to be careful of traffic.必须教育孩子要当心车辆。
  • Miss Brown taught my daughter last year.去年是布朗小姐教我女儿的。
5 saw ts3yA     
vbl.看见(see的过去式);n.锯;v.用锯子锯
参考例句:
  • Would you like to saw a tree for me?你能为我锯棵树吗?
  • The moment I saw you,I knew you were angry with me.我一看到你,就知道你在生我的气。
6 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
参考例句:
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
7 seen ujyzZX     
vbl.(see的过去分词)看见
参考例句:
  • Since I left college, I have not seen him.自从我离开大学以后,就没有见过他了。
  • I hope to have seen the film next week.我希望下星期能看到这部电影。
8 boss cRIyK     
n.老板,上司;v.指挥,控制
参考例句:
  • When the boss gets mad, leave him alone.当老板生气时,不要理他。
  • I'm my own boss.我自己当自己的老板。
9 made hAgx2     
v.make的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • They were not made in china.它们不是中国制造的。
  • The monkey made a long arm for the peach.猴子伸臂去摘桃子。
10 whole QgkwK     
adj.整整的;全部的;完整的
参考例句:
  • It snowed for two whole days.雪下了整整两天。
  • The whole village was sleeping.整个村庄一片寂静。
11 would 8fPwB     
aux.will的过去式;愿,要;常常;大概;将要,会
参考例句:
  • Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说?
  • Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗?
12 promise dSrzB     
n.诺言,约定,希望;v.允诺,约定,预示
参考例句:
  • I didn't make any promise.我没有作出任何承诺。
  • His promise is a big lie.他的许诺是大谎言。
13 hope Kcwx9     
vt.希望,期望;vi.希望,期待;n.希望,期望
参考例句:
  • We hope you can come.我们希望你能来。
  • Hope you'll enjoy yourself there.愿您度过愉快的一天。
14 promised 59721f04d327ccfc2184f7f7c8785ccd     
vt.& vi.(promise的过去式或过去分词形式);承诺;允诺;答应v.允诺( promise的过去式和过去分词 );答应;有…希望;预示
参考例句:
  • He promised to avenge his father's murder. 他发誓要报杀父之仇。
  • They embraced and promised to keep in touch. 他们互相拥抱,许诺将保持联系。
15 attend rNlz1     
vt.参加,注意,照料;vi.专心,留意,待命
参考例句:
  • Tomorrow I shall attend a meeting.明天我将参加会议。
  • I think I can attend.我想我能出席。
16 meeting MowzDB     
n.会议;集会
参考例句:
  • Will you be at the meeting?你会来开会吗?
  • We would like to hold the meeting at an early date.我们希望早日举行这次会议。
17 allowed allowed     
adj.[计]容许的v.允许( allow的过去式和过去分词 );承认;酌增;接受
参考例句:
  • Only accredited journalists were allowed entry. 只有正式认可的记者才获准入内。
  • After the show, we were allowed to go backstage to meet the cast. 表演结束之后,我们获准到后台和演员见面。
18 myself fFSxG     
pron.我自己
参考例句:
  • Should I do it myself?我应该自己做吗?
  • I woke up to find myself in the hospital.我醒来发现自己在医院里。
19 yourself wf2wS     
pron.你自己
参考例句:
  • I need you to do it yourself.我要你亲自做。
  • Late again,Tom?I hope you can explain yourself.汤姆,又迟到了?我希望你能说明理由。
20 lucky YAUxq     
adj.幸运的,侥幸的,碰巧的,吉祥的
参考例句:
  • Three is my lucky number.三是我的幸运数字。
  • You are a lucky dog.你真是个幸运儿。
21 seat jZyxF     
n.座,座位,位子,席位;所在地;vt.使坐下,使就座,设座于
参考例句:
  • Go back to your seat.回到你的坐位去。
  • Which seat do you prefer?你更喜欢哪个位置?
22 shy ayyw2     
adj.害羞的,胆怯的,迟疑的;vi.惊退,畏缩,乱投;vt.乱投;n.投掷;惊避
参考例句:
  • She is too shy to go to parties.她很怕羞,不敢去参加舞会。
  • Mary is a shy girl.玛丽是一个害羞的女孩。
23 frightened 8sfz8Y     
adj.受惊的,受恐吓的
参考例句:
  • I was frightened of him when I saw him first.我第一次见他时怕他。
  • You frightened me to death,staying out all night!你整夜不回家,把我急死了!
24 dark gOQzT     
adj.黑色的;暗的;黑暗的
参考例句:
  • The night is too dark for us to see.夜间太暗,我们看不见。
  • The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up.月亮出来时,天空是深蓝色的,非常晴朗。
25 excited Uthz63     
adj.激动的;兴奋的
参考例句:
  • He was so excited that he could not speak.他太兴奋,连话都说不出来了。
  • The excited children forgot to take the presents to the party.孩子们兴奋得忘了把礼物带到聚会上了。
26 simple AyMwQ     
adj.简单的,易懂的,单纯的,纯朴的
参考例句:
  • He wrote a story in simple English.他用简单的英语写了一则故事。
  • He was as simple as a child.他像孩子一样天真。
27 important wcIzI     
adj.重要的;重大的;严重的
参考例句:
  • It's important to find out what he is doing.弄清他在干什么是重要的。
  • This is a very important problem.这个问题很重要。
28 foolish BgnzN     
adj.愚蠢的,傻的;荒谬的,可笑的
参考例句:
  • The foolish boy was laughed at wherever he went.这个愚蠢的男孩不论走到哪里都受到讥笑。
  • Don't worry me with such foolish questions.不要用这些愚蠢的问题来烦我。
29 fight Ok0xH     
n.打架,战斗,斗志;v.对抗,打架
参考例句:
  • We are ready to fight again.我们再度准备好战斗。
  • I'll fight with you.我会和你并肩作战。
30 express Shfz7     
vt.表达,表示,表现;压榨,榨出;n.快车,快邮,快件,速递;adj.特快的,特殊的
参考例句:
  • Everyone is free to express himself.每个人都可以畅所欲言。
  • Send the letter by express.用快件把这封信寄出去。
31 opinions 05a41de658b84289287ecf1ffa384384     
n.意见( opinion的名词复数 );评价;舆论;(专家、医生、律师等的)专门意见
参考例句:
  • He felt that the book misrepresented his opinions. 他觉得这本书歪曲了他的观点。
  • We were invited to give our opinions about how the work should be done. 我们应邀就如何开展工作提出意见。
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