无敌英语语法(初级版)-第2章ammar代词 5.不定代词
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有allbotheacheverysomeanymanymuch,(afew1,(alittleoneoneseither2neither3otheranothernonone以及含有some-any-no-等的合成代词(如:anybody4somethingno one)。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,但none和由someanynoevery+thing-body-one构成的复合不定代同(如somebody5等)只能作主语、宾语或表语;everyno只能作定语。(这些词作定语时,有些语法书称之为形容词)下面我们把一些主要的不定代词用法归纳如下:

1 one的用法

1.one(一个),可以指人,也可以指物。在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。

one(主语)should not praise6 oneself7(宾语).

一个人不应炫耀自己。(one作主语和宾语)

If one wants to visit the cityone must find one's own8 guide9.

如要参观这个城市,得自己找向导。

2.oneonesone的复数形式)可用来代替前面出现过的少数名词,以避免重复。

Do you have a carYesI have one.

你有一辆小汽车吗?是的,我有一辆。

I like small cars better than large ones.

我喜欢小汽车,不喜欢大汽车。

3.one的前面可用thisthatthewhich等词修饰。

There are three penswhich one is yoursthis one or that one or the one in the pencil-box

这儿有三支钢笔,哪一支是你的?这支?那支?还是在铅笔盒里的那支?

4.a+形容词+one这一形式,经常见到或使用。

I have an old bikebut he has a new one.

我有辆旧自行车,他有辆新的。

own后面不用one

Your shoes don't fit10 me I'd better wear my own.

我穿你的鞋不合适,我最好还是穿我自己的。

 

比较itone的比较

it用来指特定的东西(the+名词);而one则用于替代不特定的东西(aan+名词)

You have a pencan I use it=the pen)?

你有一支钢笔,我可以用它(这支钢笔)吗?(特指)

Do you have a penYesI have one=a pen.

你有钢笔吗?是的,我有一支。(泛指)

2 someany的用法

I have some money in my pocketbut it is not enough.

Do you have any

我口袋里有一些钱,但不够,你有钱吗?

1.someany可与单、复数可数名词和不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句中,any一般用于否定旬、疑问句和条件句中。

I have some science books.

我有一些科技书。(some在肯定句中译为一些)

There is some ink in the bottle.

瓶子里有一些墨水。

I haven't any money.=I have no money.

Do you have any

我一分钱都没有了,你有(钱吗)?

注意

notany =no

any在否定句、问句中不须译出来。

You can ask me if you have any questions.

(条件句)

如果你有任何问题,你都可以问我。

2.someany-thing-body-one构成的合成词的用法与someany一样。

我有重要的事告诉你。

I don't know anything about it .(I know nothing about it .)

关于这件事,我什么都不知道。

Anybody can do it.

任何人都可以做这件事。

注意

somethinganythingnothing三者跟形容词时,形容词要放在它们的后面。

3.在疑问句中,一般不用some,只有当问句表示一种邀请或请求,或期待一个肯定的回答时才能用some

Will you have some tea

你喝茶吗?(表邀请)

Did11 somebody call me this morning

今天上午有人给我打电话吧?(表可能已约好)

4.在否定句中,some表示半否定,any表示全否定。

I don't know some of you.

我只认识你们中的一些人。(我不会认识你们)

I don't know any of you.

你们,我一个也不认识。

5.some用于单数可数名词前时,表示“某个”,而不是“一些”。

This morning some boy asked for you.

今天上午,有个男孩要求见你。

There must be some reason12 for what he's done.

他干这些事,肯定有某种原因。

比较

Is there anything to eat

有什么吃的吗?

(不知有没有,只是问一问)

Is there something to eat

有一些吃的吧?

(希望,而且断定会有)

3 otheranother的用法

1.another=an other),别的、另一个,泛指众多中一个,一般后面接单数名词,前面不能加定冠词。

This book is too difficult for me.

Will you please give me another one=another book)?

这本书对我而言太难了,可以给我另一本吗?

another是指许多书中的一本,作为定语)

I don't like this one. Show me another.

我不喜欢这个,给我看看另一个好吗?

another作宾语)

He got13 three booksone is a dictionaryanother is a playthe third is a grammar14.

他买了三本书,一本是字典,另一本是剧本,还有一本是语法书。(another作主语)

有时another可以用在复数名词前译为“再、又”。

You may stay for another ten days.

你可以再住十天。

2.the other表示两个中的一个,常与one连用。

onethe other

I have two pencilsone is red

andthe other is blue.

我有两支铅笔,一支是红的,另一支是蓝的。

There are only two books left. But I don't like this one. Will you please show me the other

只剩下二本书了。可我不喜欢这一本,请给我另一本好吗?

必背!

惯用词组

each other

one another

互相

one after another

一个接一个

the other day

前几天

3.other+名词=others(别的)

Some are listening to the radioothers are watching TV.

一些人在听广播,一些人在看电视。

Some students went to the Summer Palace15. Other students=othersstayed at home last Sunday.

上周日,一些同学去颐和园,一些同学(还有同学)呆在家里。

4. the other +名词=the others,译为其余的,相当于the rest

There are thirty students in our class. Twenty are girls. The other students=the othersare boys.

我们班有三十个学生,二十名女孩,其余的都是男孩。

Some of the pencils are red. The others=the other pencilsare green.

有些铅笔是红的,其余的都是绿的。

比较

Some of the pencils are redothers=other pencilsare green.

有些铅笔是红的,还有一些是绿的。

(暗示可能还有些笔是别的颜色的:白色的、黄色的……)

4 allboth的用法

All of them go to the movies.

他们都去看电影。

Both of my parents are healthy.

我的双亲身体都健康。

1.all代表或修饰两个以上的人或物,或不可数的东西。在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。

All of us like her.(作主语)

=We all like her.(作同位语)

我们所有的人都喜欢他。

All the oil(不可数名词)has been used16 up.(作主语)

所有的油都用完了。

That's all for today.(作表语)

今天就到这儿了。

You haven't eaten allofthe bread.(作宾语)

你的面包没有吃完。

All the students were there.(作定语)

所有的学生都在那儿。

注意

allboth的位置和频度副词一样放在be动词、情态动词及助动词之后,如有多个助动词,则放在第一个助动词之后。放在一般动词(实义动词)之前。

They allbothwent there.

他们(两个)全都去那里了。

2.both是指两者都…;而all是指三个和三个以上的人或物都…。在句中可作主语、宾语、同位语和定语。注意它们的区别:

比较

They were all waiting outside the gate.

他们(三个以上)都在大门外等着。

They were both waiting outside the gate.

他们两个都在大门外等着。

5 eachevery的用法

On eacheveryside17 of the square there were policemen.

在广场的四周都有警察。

1.从数量上看:each用来指两个或两个以上的人或物中的一个。every则指两个以上的人或物中的一个。

There are many trees on each side(不能用every sideof the street.

大街的两侧有许多大树。

On eacheveryside of the square there were soldiers18.

广场的四周都是士兵。

2.从含义和语法功能上看:each是“单个”的意思,侧重于个体、个性,在句中可作主语、同位语、定语和宾语。

every是“每一个”的意思,侧重全体、整体、共性。在句中只能作定语,也就是说它后面必须跟着名词。

必背!

含有every的词组

every week

每周

every two weeks

每两周

every other day

weekline

每隔一天(每隔一周,每隔一行)

every other ten days

每隔十天

Every student is here.

=All the students are here.

所有的学生们都出席了。(强调整体)

Each of the boys has a bike.

每个男孩子都有一辆自行车。

each作主语,强调个体,每一个)。

There are flowers on each side of the river.

(作定语)

河两岸都是花。

Two men came19 and I gave20 a book to each.

(作宾语)

两个人来了,我给他们每人一本书。

each作同位语时在句子中位置及谓语动词的变化。

The students have two pens each.(作同位语)

每个学生有两支钢笔。

They each have two pens.(作同位语)

他们每人有两支钢笔。

Each of the students has two pens.(作主语)

每个学生有两支钢笔。

Each of them has two pens.(作主语)

他们每人有两支钢笔。

注意

every在句中只能作定语,而它的合成词只能作主语、宾语和表语,而不能作定语,也就是说every后面必须跟名词,而它的合成词后面绝不可能跟名词。

Every boy is here .=Everybody is here.每个人都在。

6 eitherneitherboth的用法

either:指两者中的任意一个。

neither:指两者中没有一个,全否定。

both:指两者都,肯定。

在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。

Neither of the films is good.

两部电影都不好。(没有一部是好的)

Either of the films is good.

(作主语,谓语动词用单数)

两部电影中有一部不错。

He wrote21 to neither of them.

他没给他们两个任何一个人写信。

He wrote to either of them.(作宾语)

他给他们中的一个人写了信。

Neither teacher often answers the questions.

这两个老师,没有一个经常解答问题。

Either teacher often answers the questions.

这两个老师中有一位常常解答问题。

Both the teachers often answer the questions.(作定语)

这两个老师都常常解答问题。

注意

标题上三词作定语时的比较,both后面的名词要用复数,谓语动词用复数。

eitherneither后面的名词要用单数,谓语动词用单数。

☆参见左文倒数三个例句。

7 manymuch的用法

注意

Manyofthe students have sports.(作主语)

许多学生参加体育锻炼。

He has not got much time to go over his lessons.(作定语)

他没有多少时间复习功课了。

We are manyyou are few.(作表语)

我们是多数,你们是少数。

She has muchworkto do.(作宾语)

她有许多工作要去做。

8 few, a few; little, a little 的用法

There are few minutes left. Hurry up!

就剩下几分钟了,快点儿!

Don't worry! There are a few minutes left.

别着急,还有几分钟呢。

There is little time left. Hurry up!

没多少时间了,快点儿!

There is a little time left. Don't worry.

别着急,还有时间呢

My sister has a few friends. But she has few good friends.

我姐姐有一些朋友,但是她几乎没有真正的好朋友。

注意

注意以上例句的few, a few, little, a little后的名词的数,及谓语动词。

疑问代词

疑问代词有who, whom22 ,whose ,what which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。(详见第十七章)

疑问代词都可用作连接代词,引导名词性从句(主词从句、宾语从句和表语从句,详见第十七章。)

关系代词

关系代词who ,whom ,whose, that ,which 是用来引导定语从句的。因为书中没有涉及到定语从句,所以本书这部分从略。



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 few kk0x2     
adj.很少的,不多的,少数的;int.少数的
参考例句:
  • There are few woods in that area.那个地区几乎没有森林。
  • I have a few questions.我有些问题要问你。
2 either pq6x9     
adj.任一,两方的;prep.任一,随便任一个;conj.或,也
参考例句:
  • I have bought two books,you can have either.我买了两本书,你要哪一本都可以。
  • I don't think either of them are at home.我想他们中任何一个都不在家。
3 neither nRTzG     
adj.皆不,两不;int.两者都不;conj.既非,既不
参考例句:
  • I don't know that neither.那个我也不知道。
  • He doesn't smoke neither does he drink.他既不抽烟也不喝酒。
4 anybody 7Mcy5     
n.重要人物;pron.任何人
参考例句:
  • They do not see anybody.他们没看见任何人。
  • You couldn't tell anybody.你不能告诉任何人。
5 somebody EwPw4     
n.重要人物;pron.某人,有人
参考例句:
  • Somebody is using the computer.有人在用电脑。
  • He seems to be somebody.他似乎是个重要人物。
6 praise PPQx8     
n.赞美,称赞,崇拜;v.称赞,归荣誉于,赞美
参考例句:
  • Let us give praise to God.让我们来赞美上帝吧。
  • The teacher spoke in praise of the child for his honesty.他很诚实,老师表扬了他。
7 oneself uINxC     
pron.[反身代词]自己;亲自,本人
参考例句:
  • If one wants to learn it,one must do it oneself.要想学会它就得亲自去做。
  • It is not good to think only of oneself.只为自己着想是不好的。
8 own QKbxk     
v.拥有,持有;adj.(属于)自己的,特有的
参考例句:
  • I need my own space.我需要自己的空间。
  • Everything I own is yours.我所有的一切都是你的。
9 guide 5eUxs     
n.向导;指南,手册;导游者
参考例句:
  • I guide him in his studies.我辅导他学习。
  • A trained dog can act as a guide to a blind person.经过训练的狗能担任盲人的向导。
10 fit DjTxs     
adj.适宜的,对的,准备好的;v.适合;安装;n.适宜;发作;一阵
参考例句:
  • I am sure you can fit me in somewhere.我相信你能找个地方安排我。
  • She is fit for the job.她适合做这项工作。
11 did SvwxP     
v.动词do的过去式
参考例句:
  • How many goals did you score in the last game?上一场比赛你们进了几个球?
  • Why did you choose basketball in the first place?你为何首先选择篮球呢?
12 reason lTYxU     
n.原因,理由,理智,道理;v.劝说,推理
参考例句:
  • That is the reason why we must go now.那就是我们现在必须走的理由。
  • The reason for the flood was that heavy rain.水灾是那场大雨造成的。
13 got wfuxi     
v.(get的过去式)得到,猜到,明白
参考例句:
  • I just got some bad news.我刚得到一些坏消息。
  • I have got far too much work to do.我要做的事太多了。
14 grammar Xfmx7     
n.语法,语法规则
参考例句:
  • I find German grammar very difficult.我发现德语语法很难学。
  • He spent much time correcting my grammar.他花了很多时间来改我的语法错误。
15 palace 7Kox2     
n.皇宫;官殿;豪华大厦
参考例句:
  • It is really a magic palace!那真是一个有魔力的宫殿!
  • What a palace this was!这里可真像皇宫啊!
16 used ajBwV     
adj.用旧了的,旧的;习惯于…;过去惯/经常
参考例句:
  • I used to work until nearly 6:00 o'clock each day.我过去常常工作到6:00左右。
  • He used to walk anywhere from two to five miles an hour.他过去经常一小时走二至五英里。
17 side Ay6w0     
n.边,旁边;面,侧面
参考例句:
  • The shop is on the west side of the street.商店在街道的西边。
  • There was a lot of people on every side. 到处都是人。
18 soldiers afc4d1bde8a35eac244d4d7fc35b2e44     
n.士兵,军人( soldier的名词复数 );兵员;士卒
参考例句:
  • Two soldiers were killed in a terrorist ambush. 两名士兵遭到恐怖分子伏击而死亡。
  • soldiers brutalized by war 在战争中变得残酷无情的士兵
19 came xTYyl     
v.动词come的过去式
参考例句:
  • I was surprised why he came here so early.他为什么那么早到这里,我很惊奇。
  • The doctor came in time to save his life.医生及时来抢救他的生命。
20 gave YgSxz     
vbl.(give的过去式)给予,产生,发表
参考例句:
  • He asked for money and I gave him some.他要钱,我给了他一些。
  • I gave you a map so you wouldn't get lost. 我给你一张地图,这样你就不会迷路了。
21 wrote pf8wI     
v.(write的过去式)写
参考例句:
  • She wrote the music and he wrote the book.她作曲子,他写歌词。
  • He wrote back that he was too busy to join us.他回信说他太忙不能参加我们的活动。
22 whom CghwM     
pron.谁(who的宾格)
参考例句:
  • That is the man whom I met in Beijing last year.他就是我去年在北京碰见的那个人。
  • He married a wife by whom he had two daughters.他娶了妻子并跟她生了两个女儿。
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