牛津实用英语语法 a little/a few和 little/few
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

A a littlelittle(形容词)用在不可数名词之前:

a little saltlittle salt一点盐/没有多少盐

a fewfew(形容词)用在复数名词之前:

a few peoplefew people有几个人/没有几个人

这四种形式也都能用做代词使用,或单独使用或与of连用:

-Sugar

-A littleplease

-要糖吗?

-请给一点儿。

Only a few of these are any good

这其中只有几个用得着。

B a litilea few(形容词和代词)

a little指少量或者说话人认为少的量; a few指小数目或者说话人认为小的数目。

only放在a littlea few之前,是为了强调说话人认为该数量的确很小。

Only a few of our customers have accounts

我们的顾客中只有少数人是记账的。

但是把quite放在a few之前就大大增大了这个数量:

I have quite a few books on art

我有不少关于艺术的书。(许多书)

C littlefew(形容词和代词):

littlefew意为很少或没有,几乎具有否定意义:

There was little time for consultation1

几乎没有时间商量。

Little is known about the sideeffects of this drug

这种药物有些什么副作用,现在还不大清楚。

Few towns have such splendid trees

有这么好看的树木的城市不多。

littlefew的这种用法主要限于书面英语(可能由于在日常会话中littlefew容易被误认为是 a littlea few)。因此,在日常会话中littlefew通常由hardly any替代,也可以由动词否定式+muchmany替代:

We saw little

我们没有看到什么。相当于:

We saw hadly anything./We didnt see much

我们几乎什么都没有看到。

Tourists come here but few stay overnight

有游客到这里来,但很少有人过夜。相当于:

Tourists come here but hadly any stay overnight

有游客到这里来,但几乎没有人在这里过夜。

但如果littlefewsoverytooextremelycomparativelyrelatively等词修饰,就可以较自由地使用。

fewer(比较级)也可以更自由地使用。

Im unwilling2 to try a drug I know so little about

我不乐意服我知之甚少的药。

They have too many technicianswe have too few

他们的技术员太多,而我们的又太少。

There are fewer butterflies every year

蝴蝶的数量每年都在减少。

D a littlelittle(副词)

1 a little可以:

a)与动词连用:

It rained a little during the night

夜里下了一点儿雨。

They grumbled3 a little about having to wait

他们为要等候抱怨了几句。

b)与具有“令人不快的”意义的形容词和副词连用:

a little anxious有点儿着急

a little annoyed有点儿不耐烦

a little unwillingly4有点儿不情愿地

a little impatiently有点儿不耐心地

c)与形容词和副词的比较级连用:

The paper should be a little thicker

这纸应该再厚一点儿。

Cant you walk a little faster

你不能走得快一点儿吗?

在(b)中可以用 rather来代替a little rather也可以用于比较级之前(参见第42节),但a little更常用一些。

在英语口语中a bit可以在上述例子中用以替代a little

2 在比较正式的文体中,little主要同bettermore连用:

His second suggestion was little=not much better than his first

他的第二个建议比第一个好不了多少。

He was little(= not much more than a child when his father died

他父亲去世时,他差不多还是个孩子。

在正式的英语中,little可用在某些动词如 expectknowsuspectthink等之前:

He little expected to find himself in prison

他几乎没有料到自己会进监狱。

He little thought that one day

他几乎从不曾想过有一天……

注意像littleknownlittleused这样的形容词的用法:

a littleknown painter一个藉藉无名画家

a little-used footpath一条几乎没有人走的小道



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 consultation VZAyq     
n.咨询;商量;商议;会议
参考例句:
  • The company has promised wide consultation on its expansion plans.该公司允诺就其扩展计划广泛征求意见。
  • The scheme was developed in close consultation with the local community.该计划是在同当地社区密切磋商中逐渐形成的。
2 unwilling CjpwB     
adj.不情愿的
参考例句:
  • The natives were unwilling to be bent by colonial power.土著居民不愿受殖民势力的摆布。
  • His tightfisted employer was unwilling to give him a raise.他那吝啬的雇主不肯给他加薪。
3 grumbled ed735a7f7af37489d7db1a9ef3b64f91     
抱怨( grumble的过去式和过去分词 ); 发牢骚; 咕哝; 发哼声
参考例句:
  • He grumbled at the low pay offered to him. 他抱怨给他的工资低。
  • The heat was sweltering, and the men grumbled fiercely over their work. 天热得让人发昏,水手们边干活边发着牢骚。
4 unwillingly wjjwC     
adv.不情愿地
参考例句:
  • He submitted unwillingly to his mother. 他不情愿地屈服于他母亲。
  • Even when I call, he receives unwillingly. 即使我登门拜访,他也是很不情愿地接待我。
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