初二年级（中）

【知识梳理】
I. 重点短语
1. give a concert
2. fall down
3. go on
4. at the end of
5. go back
6. in ahurry
7. write down
8. come out
9. all the year round
10. later² on      
11. at times
12. ring sb. up
13. Happy New Year!
14. have a party
15. hold on
16. hear from
17. be ready
18. at the moment
19. take out 
20.the same as³
21. turn over
22. get-together
23. put on
24. take a seat
25. wait for
26. get lost
27. just then
28. first of all
29. go wrong
30. make a noise
31. get on
32. get off
33. stand in line
34. at the head of
35. laugh at
36. throw about
37. in fact
38. at midnight
39. enjoy oneself
40. have a headache
41. have a cough
42. fall asleep
43. again and again
44. look over
45. take exercise
II. 重要句型
1. be good for sth.
2. I think …
3. I hope⁴…
4. I love…
5. I don’t like…
6. I’m sure…
7. forget to do sth.
8. take a message for sb.
9. give sb. the message
10. help yourself⁵ to sth.
11. be famous⁶ for sth.
12. on one’s way to…
13. make one’s way to…
14. quarrel⁷ with sb.
15. agree⁸ with sb.
16. stop sb. from doing sth.
III. 交际用语
1.What’s the weather like today?
2.It’s cold, but quite suuny.
3.How cold it is today!
4.Yes, but it’ll be warmer later on.
5.Shall⁹ we make a snowman?
6.Ok. Come on!
7.Happy New Year!
8.May I speak to Ann, please?？
9.Hold on, please.
10.Thanks a lot for inviting¹⁰ me to your party.
11.Ok. But I’m afraid I may be a little late.
12.Can I take a message for you?
13.That’s OK. It doesn’t matter.
14.I’m very sorry, but I can’t come.
15.I’m sorry to hear that.
16.Happy birthday!
17.Would¹¹ you like ...? Would you like to ...?
18.Do you think ...? Yes, I think so. / No, I don't think so.
19.Do you agree? Yes, I agree. / No, don't really agree. I really can't agree.
20.There are a few¹² / a lot of ... / on it.
21.So do we.
22.I'm happy you like it.
23.Which is the way to ..., please?
24.Turn right/left at the ... crossing.
25.Go on until¹³ you reach¹⁴ ...
26.How can I get to ...? Go down/up/along this road.
27.What's the matter?
28.It'll take you half an hour to ...
29.We'd better catch a bus.
30.It may be in ... Ah¹, so it is
31.You must be more careful!
32.You mustn't cross the road now.
33.If you want to cross a street, you must wait for the green light.
34.Please stand in line.
35.You must wait for your turn.
36.If you don't go soon, you'll be late.
37.I don't feel very well.
38.My head hurts.
39.You mustn't eat anything until you see the doctor.
40.What's the trouble¹⁵?
41.What's the matter with…?
42.She didn't feel like eating anything.
43.Nothing serious¹⁷.
44.Have/get a pain¹⁸ in…
45.No problem¹⁹.
46.Take this medicine²⁰ three times a day.
IV. 重要语法
1. 一般过去时；
2. 反意疑问句的用法；
3. 一般将来时；
4. 感叹句；
5. 简单句的五种基本句型；
6. 情态动词can, may和must, have to的用法；
7. 时间状语从句和条件状语从句。
【名师讲解】
1. above/ over/ on
 这三个介词都表示“在……之上”，但含义不同。on指在某物的表面上，和某物接触；above指在某物的上方，不和某物接触，但也不一定在某物的正上方；over指在某物的正上方，不和某物接触。试比较：
 There is a book on the desk.课桌上有一本书。
 I raise²¹ my right hand above my head. 我把右手高举过头。
 There is a stone bridge²² over the river. 河面上有座石桥。
2. forget to do sth./forget doing sth.
 forget to do sth.意思是“忘记做某事”，实际上还没做；forget doing sth,意思是“忘记做过某事”，实际上已经做过了。试比较：
 I forgot²³ to tell him the news²⁵.我忘记告诉他这条消息了。
 I forgot telling him the news.我已经把这条消息告诉他了，我却忘了。
类似的词还有：remember, regret等。
3. hope/wish
 hope和wish 在汉语中都有“希望”的意思，但其含义和用法有所不同。主要区别如下：
 (1)wish可以用来表示不可实现的愿望；hope只能用来表示可能实现的愿望。例如：
 I wish I were 20 years younger²⁷.我但愿自己能年轻二十岁。
 I hope you’ll be better soon. 我希望你能很快好起来。
 I wish the weather wasn’t so cold. 但愿天气不这麽冷。
 I hope he will come, too. 我希望他也能来。
 (2)wish可以接sb. to do sth. 的结构，而hope不可以。例如：
 Do you wish me to come back later?  你是否希望我再来？
4. be sure to do sth./ be sure of/about sb. or sth.
 (1)be sure to do sth.可以用来表示说话人给对方提出要求，意思是“务必”，也可以用来表示说话人做出的推断，意思是“一定”，“肯定”。例如：
 Be sure to lock²⁹ the door when you leave.你离开时务必把门锁好。
 It’s a good film. You are sure to enjoy it.这是一部好电影，你肯定会喜欢的。
 (2)be sure of/about sb.or sth.  可用来表示“某人对某事有把握”。例如：
 I’m sure of his success³⁰.我相信他会成功。
I think it was²⁸ three years ago, but I’m not sure about it.我想那是三年前的事情，但我没有把握。
5. hear from/hear of
 hear意思是“听到”，从哪里听到要用from来表示。例如：
I’ve heard from Xiao Wu that we’ll start out military³¹ training³² tomorrow.
 我听小吴说，我们明天开始军训。
 Listen to the tape and write out what you hear from Han Mei.
 听录音，并写出你从韩梅那里听到的内容。
 hear from还有一个意思是“收到某人的来信”（=receive a letter from sb.）。例如：
 I heard from my pen friend in the U.S.A. last month.
 上个月我受到了美国笔友的来信。
 I heard from her last week. 我上周接到了她的来信。
 hear of和和hear from含义不同。hear of 意思是“听说”，“得知”（某事或某人的存在），常用在疑问句和否定句里。例如：
 Who is he? I’ve never heard of him.他是谁？我从来没有听说过他。
 I never heard of such³³ a thing! 这样的事我从来没有听说过。
6. It’s a pleasure³⁴./With pleasure.
 It’s a pleasure这句话常用作别人向你表示致谢时的答语，意思是“那是我乐意做的”。例如：
 ---Thank you for helping³⁵ me. 谢谢你地帮助。
 ---It’s a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。
 ---Thanks a lot. Bye.非常感谢。 再见。
 ---It’s a pleasure. 那是我乐意做的。再见。
 类似的话还有 “Not at all.” “You are welcome.” “That’s all right.”
     With pleasure也用作客气的答语，主要用在别人要你做某事，而你又非常愿意去做的场合。例如：
 ---Will you please pass me the newspaper, please?
  请你把报纸递给我好吗？
 ---With pleasure.
  当然可以。
7. seem/look
 (1)二者都可以作“看起来”讲，但seem暗示凭借一些迹象作出的有根据的判断，这种判断往往接近事实；look着重强调由视觉得出的印象。两者都可跟(to be)+形容词和as if从句。如：
He seems³⁶ / looks (to be) very happy today. 他今天看起来很高兴。It looks (seems) as if it it is going³⁷ to rain. 好像要下雨了。
 (2)但下列情况中只用seem不用look：
 1)后跟不定式to do时。如：He seems to know the answer. 他似乎知道答案。
 2)在It seems that ...结构中。如：It seems that he is happier now than yesterday.他像比昨天高兴些了。
 8. be ready to do/be ready for/ get ready to do/get ready for(1)be ready to do和be ready for…表示“已作好…的准备”，强调状态
 (2)get ready to do和get ready for…表示“为…做准备”，强调行为。如：
I'm ready to do anything you want me to do. 我愿意/随时准备做一切做你要我做的事。
I'm ready for any questions you may ask.我愿意/随时准备回答你可能问的问题。
He's getting ready to leave for Tokyo.他正准备动身去东京。
 Let's get ready for the hard moment.我们为这一艰难时刻作好准备吧。
 (3)be ready to do 通常可理解“乐于做某事”，即思想上总是有做某事的准备。be not ready to do表示
“不轻易做某事”。如：
 He's usually not ready to listen to others³⁸.他通常不轻易听从别人。
9. at table/at the table
 at table在吃饭，at the table在桌子旁边。例如：
The Greens are at table. 格林一家人在吃饭。Mr. Black is sitting at the table and reading³⁹ a book.布莱克先生坐在桌旁读书。
10. reach, arrive/get to    三者都有"到达"之意。reach是及物动词，后直接加名词，get和arrive是不及物动词，不能直接加名词，须借助于介词。get to后加名词地点，若跟副词地点时，to去掉；arrive at +小地方，arrive in+大地方。如：  Lucy got²⁴ to the zoo before 8 o'clock. 露西8点前到了动物园。  When did¹⁶ your parents arrive in Shanghai? 你父母何时到上海的？  It was late when I got home. 我到家时天色已晚。
11. sick/ill    二者都是形容词。当“生病的，患病“之意时，ill只作表语，不作定语；而sick既可作表语也可作定语。sick有"呕吐，恶心"的意思，只能作表语，而ill无此意。如：   Li Lei was ill last week. (只作表语)李磊上周生病了。   He's a sick man. （作定语）他是病人。不能说成：He's an ill man.   My grandfather was sick for a month last year. （作表语）我祖父去年病了一个  
 月。
 12. in time/on time  in time是"及时"的意思，on time是"准时，按时"。如：I didn't get to the bus stop in time. 我没有及时赶上汽车。We'll finish our job on time. 我们要按时完成任务。
13. may be/maybe    It may be in your inside⁴⁰ pocket⁴¹. = Maybe it is in your inside pocket. 也许在你里边的口袋里。第一句中may be是情态动词+be 动词构成的谓语部分，意思是"也许是"，"可能是"；第二句中的maybe是副词，意思是"可能"，常位于句首，不能位于句中，相当于另一副词perhaps。再如：    Maybe you put it in that bag.也许你放在了那只包里。（不能说You maybe put it
in that bag.）It may be a hat.那可能是顶帽子。（不能说It maybe a hat. 或It maybe is a hat.）
14. noise/ voice⁴²/ sound    noise 指嘈杂声，噪音大的吵杂声。voice是指说话的声音，嗓音，嗓子。sound是指耳朵能够听到的声音、闹声等。它是表示声音之意的最普通的字。有时还用作科学上的声音。例如：    Don't make so much noise! 别那么大声喧哗！    I didn't recognize⁴³ John's voice on the telephone. 在电话里我听不出约翰的声 
音。He spoke⁴⁴ in a low⁴⁵ voice. 他低声说话。We heard a strange⁴⁶ sound. 我们听到了一种奇怪的声音。Sound travels⁴⁷ fast, but light travels faster. 声音传得快，但是光传得更快。
【考点扫描】
中考考点在本单元主要集中在：
1. 一般过去时；
2. 反意疑问句的用法；
3. 一般将来时；
4. 感叹句；
5. 简单句的五种基本句型；
6. 情态动词can, may和must, have to的用法；
7. 时间状语从句和条件状语从句；
8. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；
9. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。
考试形式可以是单项填空、完型天空、短文填空和完成句子。
【中考范例】
1. (2004年长沙市中考试题)
  ---Do you know if we will go to the cinema tomorrow?
  ---I think we’ll go if we ________ too much homework.
  A. will have  B. had  C. won’t have  D. don’t have
 【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是条件状语从句的时态。在条件和时间状语从句里通常用一般现在是表示将来的动作。
 2. (2004年佛山市中考试题)
   You have been to Tibet⁴⁸, _________? I was told that the snow-covered mountains were very beautiful.
have you  B. haven’t you  C. don’t you
 【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是反意疑问句的构成。反意疑问句的前一部分是肯定句，后一部分就应该是否定的疑问部分，而且要和前一部分保持时态上的一致。
3. (2004年扬州市中考试题)
  ---Jacky, look at that Japanese⁴⁹ sumoist(相扑手).
  ---Wow, ______________!
  A. How a fat man              B. What a fat man
  C. How fat man                D. What fat man
 【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是感叹句的构成。这个感叹句省略了主谓部分，只保留了感叹部分。如果以What开头，就应该是What a fat man! 如果是How开头，就应该是How fat!
4. (2004年福建省泉州市中考试题)
  ---Thanks for your help.
  ---__________________
  A. It doesn’t matter                B. Don’t thank me
  C. You’re welcome                D. That’s right
 【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是日常交际用语。回答别人的道谢通常用“That’s all right.”或”You’re welcome.”