2006年英语全程知识点总结初一(下)
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

 初一年级(下)


【知识梳理】
I. 重点短语
1. a bottle of
2. a little
3. a lot (of)
4. all day
5. be from
6. be over
7. come back
8. come from
9. do one’s homework
10. do the shopping
11. get down
12. get home
13. get to
14. get up
15. go shopping
16. have a drink of
17. have a look
18. have breakfast
19. have lunch
20. have supper
21. listen to
22. not…at all
23. put…away
24. take off
25. throw it like that
26. would2 like
27. in the middle of the day
28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening
29. on a farm
30. in a factory
II. 重要句型
1. Let sb. do sth.
2. Could3 sb. do sth.?
3. would like sth.
4. would like to do sth.
5. What about something to eat?
6. How do you spell …?
7. May I borrow4…?
III. 交际用语
1. —Thanks very much!
 —You're welcome.
2. Put it/them away.
3. What's wrong?
4. I think so.
 I don't think so.
5. I want to take some books to the classroom.
6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please.
 Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK.
9. What's your favourite sport?
10. Don't worry.
11.I’m (not) good at basketball.
12. Do you want a go?
13. That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right.
14. Do you have a dictionary5 / any dictionaries6?
 Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
15. We / They have some CDs7.
 We / They don’t have any CDs.
16. ---What day is it today / tomorrow?
 ---It’s Monday.
17. ---May I borrow your colour pens, please?
  ---Certainly. Here you are.
18. ---Where are you from?
 ---From Beijing.
19. What's your telephone number in New York?
20. ---Do you like hot dogs?
 ---Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.)
 ---No, I don't. ( I don't like them at all.)
21. ---What does your mother like?
 ---She likes dumplings8 and vegetables very much.
22. ---When do you go to school every day?
 ---I go to school at 7:00 every day.
23. ---What time does he go to bed in the evening?
 ---He goes to bed at 10:00.
IV. 重要语法
1.人称代词的用法;
2. 祈使句;
3. 现在进行时的构成和用法;
4.动词have的用法;
5.一般现在时构成和用法;
6.可数名词和不可数名词的构成和用法
【名师讲解】
That's right./ That‘s all right./ All right.
 That’s right意为“对的”,表示赞同对方的意见、看法或行为,肯定对方的答案或判断。例如:
"I think we must help the old man.""我想我们应该帮助这位老人。""That's right."或 "You're right.""说得对"。
 That’s all right.意为“不用谢”、“没关系”,用来回答对方的致谢或道歉。例如:
 "Many thanks." "That's all right."
 "Sorry. It's broken10." "That's all right."
 All right.意为“行了”、“可以”,表示同意对方的建议或要求。有时还可以表示“身体很好”
"Please tell me about it." "请把此事告诉我。""All right.""好吧。"Is your mother all right?你妈身体好吗
2. make/do
 这两个词都可以解释为“做”,但含义却不同,不能混用。make指做东西或制东西,do指做一件具体的事。
 Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能为我做个纸船吗?
 He’s doing his homework now.他正在做他的作业。
3. say/speak/talk/tell
 say:是最口语化的最普通的一个词,意为“说出”、“说道”,着重所说的话。如:
  “I want to go there by bus” , he said11 . 他说,“我要坐汽车到那里去。”
 Please say it in English .请用英语说。
 speak : “说话”,着重开口发声,不着重所说的内容,一般用作不及物动词 (即后面不能直接接宾语 ) 。如:
 Can you speak about him? 你能不能说说他的情况?
 I don’t like to speak like this. 我不喜欢这样说话。
 speak 作及物动词解时,只能和某种语言等连用,表达在对话中恰当使用词汇的能力。如:
 She speaks English well.她英语说得好。
 talk : 与 speak 意义相近,也着重说话的动作,而不着重所说的话,因此,一般也只用作不及物动词, 不过,talk 暗示话是对某人说的,有较强的对话意味,着重指连续地和别人谈话。如:
 I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他谈那件事。
 Old women like to talk with children.老年妇女喜欢和孩子们交谈。
 tell : “告诉”,除较少情况外,一般后面总接双宾语。如:
 He’s telling me a story.他在给我讲故事。
 tell a lie12 撒谎
 tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth.
 Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard.
4. do cooking13/ do the cooking
 do cooking 作“做饭”解,属泛指。do the cooking 特指某一顿饭或某一家人的饭。cooking为动名词,不能用作复数,但前面可用 some, much修饰。从do some cooking可引出许多类似的短语:
 do some washing15 洗些衣服
 do some shopping 买些东西
 do some reading16 读书
 do some writing17 写些东西
 do some fishing18 钓鱼
 从以上短语可引申出另一类短语,不能用some, much或定冠词。
 go shopping 去买东西
 go fishing 去钓鱼
 go boating19 去划船
 go swimming 去游泳
5. like doing sth./ like to do sth.
 like doing sth. 与like to do sth. 意思相同,但用法有区别。前者强调一般性的爱好或者表示动作的习惯性和经常性;后来表示一次性和偶然性的动作。例如:
He likes playing football, but he doesn‘t like to play football with Li Ming.
 他喜欢踢足球,但是他不喜欢和李明踢。
6. other/ others20/ the other/ anotherother表其余的,别的,  Have you any other questions?你还有其他问题吗?others 别的人,别的东西  In the room some people are American, the others are French21.在屋子里一些人是
 美国人,其他的是法国人。
the other表另一个(二者之中)one…,the other…
 One of my two brothers studies English,  the other studies Chinese.
 我两个哥哥中的一个学习英文,另一个学中文。
another表三者以上的另一个,另一些
 There is room for another few22 books on the shelf.书架上还可以放点书。
7. in the tree/ on the tree
 in the tree 与 on the tree.译成中文均为"在树上"但英语中有区别。in the tree表示某人、某事(不属于树本身生长出的别的东西)落在树上,表示树的枝、叶、花、果等长在树上时,要使用on the tree.如:
  There are some apples on the tree. 那棵树上有些苹果。
  There is a bird in the tree. 那棵树上有只鸟。
 8. some/ any (1)some和 any既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词。但有以下两点需要
注意。some常用于肯定句中,any常用于否定句和疑问句中。如:There is some water in the glass.Is there any water in the glass?There isn't any water in the glass.
 (2)在说话者希望得到肯定答复的一般疑问句中,或在表示请求,邀请的疑问句中,我们依然用some。如:Would you like some tea?
 9. tall/ high
 (1)说人,动物,树木等有生命的东西,主要用tall,不用high,例如     a tall woman 一个高个子妇女    a tall horse 一个高大的马
(2)说一个不与地面接触的人和物的高时,要用high,而不用tall,比如人站在桌子上时,飞机飞上天时,例如: He is high up in the tree. 他高高地爬在树上。 The plane is so high in the sky. 飞机在空中这么高。
 (3)指建筑物、山时要tall或high都可以,不过high的程度比tall高。
 (4)high可作副词,tall不能。
 (5)tall的反义词为short, high的反义词为low.
 10. can/ could
 (1) can表示体力和脑力方面的能力,或根据客观条件能做某种动作的"能力
 "。例如: Can you ride a bike? 你会骑自行车吗? What can I do for you? 要帮忙吗? Can you make a cake?你会做蛋糕吗?
 (2) can用在否定句和疑问句中时有时表示说话人的"怀疑""猜测"或不肯定。例如:Where can he be?他会在什么地方呢?Can the news23 be true24?这个消息会是真的吗?It surely25 can't be six o'clock already26?不可能已经六点钟了吧?You can't be hungry so soon,Tom,you've just had27 lunch.汤姆,你不可能饿得这么快,你刚吃过午饭。What can he mean?他会是什么意思?
在日常会话中,can可代替may表示"允许",may比较正式。例如:You can come in any time.你随时都可以来。--- Can I use your pen?我能用你的钢笔吗?--- Of course,you can.当然可以。You can have my seat,I'm going28 now.我要走了,你坐我的座位吧。
 (3) couldcould 是 can的过去式,表示过去有过的能力和可能性(在否定和疑问句中)。例如:    The doctor said he could help him.(能力)医生说他能帮助他。    Lily29 could swim when she was14 four years old.(能力)    当丽丽四岁的时候她就会游泳。At that time we thought30 the story could be true.(可能性)那时我们以为所说的可能是真的。    could可代替can表示现在时间的动作,但语气较为婉转。例如:Could I speak to John,please?我能和约翰说话吗?    Could you?在口语中表示请求对方做事。例如:Could you wait half an hour?请你等半个小时好吗?Could you please ring again at six?六点钟请你再打电话好吗?
 (4) can的形式只有现在式can和过去式could两种形式。能表示一般现在和一般过去两种时态,有时也能表示将来。所有其他时态(包括将来时)须用be able9 to加动词不定式来表示。例如:   They have not been able to come to Beijing.   他们没有能到北京来。
11. look for/ find
 look for 意为“寻找”,而find意为“找到,发现”,前者强调“找”这一动作,并不注重“找”的结果,而后者则强调“找”的结果。例如:
 She can’t find her ruler. 她找不到她的尺子啦。
Tom is looking for his watch,but he can’t find it.汤姆正在寻找他的手表,但没能找到。
12. be sleeping/ be asleep31
 be sleeping 表示动作,意思是“正在睡觉”;be asleep 表示状态,意思是“睡着了”。如:
 ---What are the children doing in the room? 孩子们在房间里做什么?
 ---They are sleeping.他们正在睡觉。
 The children are asleep now.现在孩子们睡着了。
 13. often/ usually/sometimes
 often表示"经常",sometimes表示"有时候",在表示发生频率上often要高于usually,usually要高于sometimes。这三个词表示的是经常性,一般性的动作或情况,常与一般现在时连用,常位于主要谓语动词的前面,其他谓语动词(be动词,情态动词和助动词)的后面,有时也可位于句尾。如果要加强语气,则放在句首。
We usually play basketball after school.我们通常放学后打篮球。Sometimes I go to bed early.有时,我睡觉很早。He often reads English in the morning.他经常在早晨读英语。
14. How much/ How many
 how much常用来询问某一商品的价格,常见句式是How much is / are…?
 How much is the skirt?  这条裙子多少钱?
 How much are the bananas?  这些香蕉多少钱?
 how much后加不可数名词,表示数量,意为“多少“,how many后加可数名词的复数形式。
 How much meat do you want?  你要多少肉呀?
 How many students are there in your class?  你们班有多少人?
 15. be good for/ be good to/ be good at
 be good for 表示"对……有好处",而be bad for表示"对……有害";be good to表示"对……友好",而be bad to表示"对……不好";be good at表示"擅长,在……方面做得好",而be bad at表示"在……方面做得不好"。    Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼保健操对你的眼睛有好处。    Eating too much is bad for you health32.吃的太多对你的身体有害。    Miss Li is good to all of us.李老师对我们所有的人都很友好。    The boss33 is bad to his workers.这个老板对他的工人不好。    Li Lei is good at drawing34, but I'm bad at it.李雷擅长画画,但是我不擅长。
 16. each/ every
 each 和every都有"每一个"的意思,但含义和用法不相同。each从个体着眼,every从整体着眼。each 可用于两者或两者以上,every只用于三者或三者以上。    We each have a new book.   我们每人各有一本新书。   There are trees on each side35 of the street.   街的两旁有树。   He gets up early every morning.   每天早晨他都起得早。
each可以用作形容词、副词和代词;every只能用作形容词。Each of them has his own1 duty36.他们各人有各人的义务。They each want to do something different.他们每个人都想做不同的事情。
17. 一般现在时/现在进行时
 一般现在时表示经常性的或习惯性的动作或存在的状态,也表示说话者的能力,还有自然现象;而现在进行时表示正在进行或发生的动作(构成方式为am/is /are/+doing)。
 I do my homework in the evening.
 我在晚上做作业。
 I'm doing my homework now.
 我现在正在做作业。
 现在进行时常与now, these days, at the moment 或Look, listen等词连用;而一般现在时常与often, always, sometimes, usually, every day, in the morning, on Mondays等连用。
 We often clean the classroom after school.
 我们经常放学后打扫教室。
 Look! They are cleaning the classroom .
 看!他们正在打扫教室呢。
【考点扫描】
中考考点在本单元主要集中在:
 1.动词一般现在时和现在进行时的用法,人称代词的用法,可数名词和不可数
 名词的构成和用法。
2.本册书中常见的交际用语
3.本册书中一些重点的词组和短语
考试形式往往是单项填空、完形填空、短文改错和短文填空。
【中考范例】
1.(2004年安徽省中考试题)
  ---Hurry up! We’re all waiting for you.
  ---I ________ for an important37 phone call. Go without me.
  A. wait  B. was waiting  C. am waiting  D. waited
  【解析】答案:C。表示现在正在进行的动作,用现在进行时。
2. (2004年长春市中考试题)
  Could you help ____ with _______ English, please?
 A. I, my  B. me, me  C. me, my  D. my, I
   【解析】答案:C。第一个空作宾语,应用人称代词的宾格me, 第二个空作定语,应用形容词性物主代词my。
3.(2004年长春市中考试题)
 Dr. White can _______ French very well.
 A. speak  B. talk  C. say  D. tell
  【解析】答案:A。说什麽语言常用动词speak。
4.(2004年黄冈中考试题)
English is spoken38 by ______ people.A. a lot  B. much many  C. a large number of  D. a great deal39 of
 【解析】答案:C。只有a large number of 能用来修饰复数可数名词people。




点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 own QKbxk     
v.拥有,持有;adj.(属于)自己的,特有的
参考例句:
  • I need my own space.我需要自己的空间。
  • Everything I own is yours.我所有的一切都是你的。
2 would 8fPwB     
aux.will的过去式;愿,要;常常;大概;将要,会
参考例句:
  • Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说?
  • Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗?
3 could lzvxe     
v.能,可能(can的过去式);aux.v.(can的过去式)能;可以
参考例句:
  • Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗?
  • I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。
4 borrow LRLyI     
vt.借,借入,借用;vi.借
参考例句:
  • Can I borrow two books at a time?我可以一次借两本书吗?
  • You can borrow this dictionary from the library.你可以从图书馆借到这本字典。
5 dictionary OvvxO     
n.词典,字典,辞典
参考例句:
  • I have a new dictionary.我有一本新字典。
  • This is a very good dictionary.这是一本非常好的词典。
6 dictionaries 4212cc76262c7f250baff542b6b8fdd7     
n.词典,字典( dictionary的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Dictionaries are indispensable in English study. 学英语,词典是少不得的。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • Those dictionaries are theirs, not mine. 这些字典是他们的,不是我的。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
7 CDs f905dc4c40fc1eb6a0e358f54107b95c     
abbr.chemotherapy drugs 化疗药物;cyclodextrins 环糊精;candidate drugs 待选药物;cyclodextrin derivatives 环糊精衍生物n.激光[镭射]唱片,光盘( CD的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • My dad had to buy CDs of all the albums he already owned on vinyl. 我爸爸就是要买他已有的所有黑胶唱片的CD版。
  • CDs would be far cheaper to produce without the glossy packaging. 如果没有那些花哨的包装,CD 的生产成本会低得多。 来自《简明英汉词典》
8 dumplings 155a0788c068cb4e6d2463bd6285a4a4     
n.汤团( dumpling的名词复数 );饺子;水果布丁;矮胖的人
参考例句:
  • chicken with herb dumplings 芳草鸡肉饺子
  • beef stew and dumplings 牛肉炖丸子
9 able 2ISy5     
adj.能...的,有才能的,能干的,能够的
参考例句:
  • How good and able he is!瞧他多能干啊!
  • He is able to do this job well.他有能力做好这件工作。
10 broken 6xZz4B     
adj.坏掉的,患病的,被制服的,断掉的;vbl.break的过去分词
参考例句:
  • He is mending a broken cup.他在修补破杯子。
  • Something was broken in my engine.我的发动机里有个东西损坏了。
11 said IYtxh     
v.动词say的过去式、过去分词
参考例句:
  • He said to me that he could not come.他对我说他不能来。
  • He said to his mother that he would do it by himself.他对他的母亲说他将自己独立做那件事。
12 lie 49VzY     
n.谎话;谎言;vi.躺;平放;展现;展开;位于;vt.说谎;躺
参考例句:
  • We are looking for a place to lie.我们在找躺的地方。
  • What did I lie about?我撒了什么谎?
13 cooking uvuzkE     
n.烹调;烹饪
参考例句:
  • What do you mean,you don't like my cooking?你是什么意思,你是不喜欢我做的饭?
  • I have little knowledge of cooking.我几乎不懂烹饪技术。
14 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
参考例句:
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
15 washing IeKzjA     
n.洗,洗涤,洗衣,洗脸,洗澡,冲洗,冲刷
参考例句:
  • A washing machine is run by a small electric motor.洗衣机由一台小电动机驱动。
  • She hung the washing on the line to dry.她把洗好的衣服晾在绳子上。
16 reading YiGyU     
n.阅读,知识,读物,表演,对法律条文的解释;adj.阅读的
参考例句:
  • Children learn reading and writing at school.孩子们在学校学习阅读和写作。
  • He finds pleasure in reading.他从阅读中得到乐趣。
17 writing aeGzKN     
n.写,写作;著作,文学作品
参考例句:
  • I am also writing a short story.我也写短篇小说。
  • Do you like writing for children?你愿意为儿童写作吗?
18 fishing OtgzZf     
n.捕鱼;钓鱼,鱼业;adj.钓鱼的
参考例句:
  • We are interested in fishing.我们对钓鱼感兴趣。
  • Let's go fishing today.我们今天去钓鱼吧。
19 boating xxxznD     
n.划船
参考例句:
  • They were fond of boating.他们喜欢划船。
  • The lovely river itself was ideal for fishing and boating.这条美丽的河流本身就宜于钓鱼和划船。
20 others mmczaZ     
prep.(pl.)另外的人
参考例句:
  • Learning from others is important.向别人学习很重要。
  • She is always ready to help others.她总是乐于助人。
21 French EiLxQ     
adj.法国(人)的,法语的;n.法语;vt.剁肉,蔬菜切成长条
参考例句:
  • She reads French quite well,but doesn't speak it.她法语的阅读能力相当强,但不会讲。
  • The only French city she enjoyed was Paris.巴黎是她惟一喜欢的法国城市。
22 few kk0x2     
adj.很少的,不多的,少数的;int.少数的
参考例句:
  • There are few woods in that area.那个地区几乎没有森林。
  • I have a few questions.我有些问题要问你。
23 news OG1xE     
n.新闻,消息
参考例句:
  • No news is good news.没有消息就是好消息。
  • I like reading hot news.我喜欢读热点新闻。
24 true nm2wH     
a.真实,不假的;忠实,可靠的;正确无误的
参考例句:
  • He who doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。
  • I will come and see if it is true.我要来了解一下,是否真有其事。
25 surely yrRwj     
adv.确实地,无疑地;必定地,一定地
参考例句:
  • It'should surely be possible for them to reach an agreement.想必他们可以达成协议。
  • Surely we'll profit from your work.我们肯定会从你的工作中得到益处。
26 already wLByk     
adv.已经
参考例句:
  • We have eaten already.我们已经吃过了。
  • I've been there already,so I don't want to go again.我早已去过那里了,所以我不想再去了。
27 had FeBxb     
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词;conj.有
参考例句:
  • I just had a good idea!我有个好主意!
  • The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
28 going dsHzY9     
n.去,离去,地面(或道路)的状况,工作情况;(复数形式)goings: 行为;adj.进行中的,流行的,现存的
参考例句:
  • We're going to listen to a report this afternoon. 今天下午我们要去听报告。
  • He hates leaving the office and going on holiday.他不愿离开办公室去度假。
29 lily c12xZ     
n.百合,百合花,睡莲
参考例句:
  • She is as fair as lily.她像百合花一样美。
  • She destroyed a lily flower.她破坏了一朵百合花.
30 thought 1oMwg     
n.想法,思想,思维,思潮,关心,挂念;v.vbl.think的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • It was just a thought.这仅仅是一个想法。
  • She thought he had a cold.她认为他感冒了。
31 asleep dNayW     
adj.睡熟了的,麻木的;adv.熟睡地
参考例句:
  • The baby seems to be asleep.那婴孩好像是睡着了。
  • My right foot is asleep.我的右脚麻木了。
32 health wdqxs     
n.健康;健康状况
参考例句:
  • Are you in good health?你的身体好吗?
  • I wish you good health and a long life.祝您健康长寿。
33 boss cRIyK     
n.老板,上司;v.指挥,控制
参考例句:
  • When the boss gets mad, leave him alone.当老板生气时,不要理他。
  • I'm my own boss.我自己当自己的老板。
34 drawing CuEzIx     
n.图画,制图,素描术
参考例句:
  • Drawing is my favorite lesson.画图画是我最喜欢的课程。
  • The children learn singing,dancing,drawing,and the like in the kindergarten.孩子们在幼儿园里学习唱歌、跳舞、画图画等。
35 side Ay6w0     
n.边,旁边;面,侧面
参考例句:
  • The shop is on the west side of the street.商店在街道的西边。
  • There was a lot of people on every side. 到处都是人。
36 duty drqx1     
n.职责;责任
参考例句:
  • Our duty is helping them.我们的责任就是帮助他们。
  • It is a simple duty.它是一个简单的职责。
37 important wcIzI     
adj.重要的;重大的;严重的
参考例句:
  • It's important to find out what he is doing.弄清他在干什么是重要的。
  • This is a very important problem.这个问题很重要。
38 spoken QhjzoD     
adj.口语的;口说的;口头的
参考例句:
  • His spoken English is very good.他的英语口语非常好。
  • We'll hold a talk on how to improve our spoken English.我们将要举行一次关于如何提高我们的英语口语的会谈。
39 deal dy8xT     
n.交易,协定,份量;v.(dealt,dealt[delt])处理,应付,分配
参考例句:
  • Be careful. She is very difficult to deal with.可得当心,她很难对付。
  • Deal with a man as he deals with you.以其人之道,还治其人之身。
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