【中考英语】语法基础-5
文章来源: 文章作者: 发布时间:2006-10-23 06:32 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词,形容词或副词作用的动词形式,而不是作谓语的动词形式。 动词的非谓语形式分为动名词,分词,动词不定式。
                     
  Climbing mountain is a good exercise. (Climbing..., 动名词起名词作用)
                     
  爬山是一项好运动。
                     
  Do you know the man wearing a white shirt. (wearing ... 分词起形容词作用)
                     
  你认识那个穿白衬衣的人吗?
                     
  He gets up early to catch the first bus. (to catch .... 不定式起副词作用)
                     
  他早早起床是为了赶上第一班汽车。
                     
  谓语动词和非谓语动词的区别:
                     
  2) 谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语,而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
                     
  Miss Mary teaches us English.
                     
  玛丽教我们英语。(teaches 动词作谓语)
                     
  Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.
                     
  维克托先生上周来到了我们教室和我们谈话。
                     
  (to have a talk.... 不定式作状语)
                     
  3) 谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制,而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
                     
  Larke likes the pop music.
                     
  拉克喜欢流行音乐。
                     
  (动词用单数第三人称形式)
                     
  Larke has nothing to do today.
                     
  拉克今天没什么事要做。(do 用原形)
                     
  非谓语动词的特征:
                     
  2 如果非谓语动词是及物动词,后面须跟宾语。
                     
  Studying English is my favorite.
                     
  学习英语是我的爱好。(studying 后跟宾语)
                     
  To help him is my duty.
                     
  帮助他是我的责任。(help 后跟宾语)
                     
  3 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。
                     
  Working under such a condition is terrible.
                     
  在这样的环境下工作太可怕了。
                     
  (under such a condition 是 working 的状语)
                     
  It's too difficult for him to master English in such a short time.
                     
  他在这么短的时间内掌握英语太难了。
                     
  (for him 作不定式的逻辑主语)
                     
  4 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。
                     
  I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.
                     
  对不起让你久等了。
                     
  (to have kept...是不定式的完成形式)
                     
  Seen from the mountain, the city looks much more beautiful.
                     
  从山上看,这座城市美丽多了。
                     
  (Seen from...是分词的被动形式)
                     
  5 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用。
                     
  Our coming made him happy.
                     
  我们的到来使他很高兴。(coming 起名词作用)
                     
  There are two big swimming pools here.
                    ?
  这儿有两个大型游泳池。
                     
  (swimming 起形容词作用)
                     

   非谓语动词的形式变化:

                     
  不 定 式  主   动       被    动
  一  般  to write        to be written
  进  行  to be writing     /
  完  成  to have written    to have been written
  完成进行  to have been writing  /
                     
  现在分词  主   动       被    动
  一  般  writing        being written
  完  成  having written     having been written
                     
  过  去  分  词 一般 written
                     
  动  名  词 主   动 被    动
  一般 writing being written
  完成 having written having been written
                     

  动 名 词

                     
  动名词是由动词原形 + ing 构成,同现在分词形式一样,在句中可作主语, 宾语,表语和定语。
                     
  1) 动名词作主语:
                     
  Talking like that is not polite.
                     
  那样谈话不礼貌。
                     
  Learning1 from others is important .
                     
  向别人学习很重要。
                     
  Putting on more clothes is not so good .
                     
  多穿衣服不一定好。
                     
  动名词可以象动词不定式一样,用 it 先行祠代替, 而把动名词写在后面。
                     
  It's no use waiting here, let's go home.
                     
  在这儿等着也没用,我们回家吧。
                     
  It's very difficult climbing this mountain.
                     
  爬这座山很困难。
                     
  2) 动名词作表语
                     
  The nurse's job is looking after the patients.
                     
  护士的工作是护理病人。
                     
  Seeing is believing.
                     
  眼见为实。
                     
  3) 动名词作宾语
                     
  有些动词须用动名词来作宾语,它们是begin, mind, suggest, finish, stop, need, enjoy, miss, keep.
                     
  Please stop smoking2 in the house.
                     
  请不要在家里抽烟。
                     
  I like reading in the forest.
                     
  我喜欢在树林里读书。
                     
  Do you mind my opening the windows?
                     
  你介意我打开窗户吗?
                     
  She is found of collecting stamp.
                     
  她喜欢集邮。
                     
  动名词作定语
                     
  She is studying in the reading room.
                     
  她在阅览室学习。
                     
  He slept in the sleeping bag.
                     
  他在睡袋里睡觉。
                     
  动名词的否定形式:not + 动名词
                     
  He pretend3 not knowing it at all.
                     
  他假装全然不知。
                     
  We considered not doing it now.
                     
  我们考虑现在不做这件事 。
                     
  动名词的时态:
                     
  动名词的一般时 动名词的一般时表示动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生,或在谓语动词的动作之后发生。
                     
  I enjoy swimming in the big river.
                     
  我喜欢在大河里游泳。
                     
  I am used to watching TV in the evening.
                     
  我习惯于晚上看电视。
                     
  动名词的完成时 动名词的完成时表示动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。
                     
  She regret not having studied the computer hard.
                     
  她后悔没有努力学习计算机。
                     
  Do you remember having promised me that?
                     
  你记得给我许愿了吗?
                     
  动名词的被动形式 :
                     
  当动名词和它的逻辑主语是被动关系时,用动名词的被动形式来表示。
                     
  His being looked down upon made him sick.
                     
  他被人冷落使他很伤感。
                     
  I can't really stand being treated like that.
                     
  我简直受不了这样的对待。
                     
  动名词的几个特殊情况:
                     
  1) 有些动词的后面能跟动名词做宾语,有些动词能跟不定式,有些两者都可以, 它们的具体含义有时还不一样。
                     
  能跟动名词的动词有:
                     
  avoid, consider, delay4, deny5, dislike, endure6, enjoy, escape, forgive, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, pardon, prevent, resist7, suggest, understand, can't help, 等。
                     
  能跟不定式的动词有:
                     
  decide, desire, expect, hope, mean, pretend, promise, refuse, undertake8, want, wish, agree, manage,
                     
  能跟动名词和不定式的动词有:
                     
  love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, continue, intend, attempt, propose9, want, need, remember, forget, regret, try, deserve10, start,
                     
  动词后面跟动名词还是不定式,含义不相同,总的来说,表示习惯的, 一般性的动作多跟动名词,一次性的具体的被动动作多跟不定式。
                     
  I like to go with you.
                     
  我想和你一块儿去。
                     
  I like reading.
                     
  我喜欢阅读。
                     
  He promised to help her.
                     
  他答应过要帮助她。
                     
  We love watching VCD.
                     
  我们喜欢看VCD。
                     
  2) remember, forget, regret后面跟动名词时,动名词表示过去的动作, 后面跟不定式时,不定式表示将来的动作。
                     
  I remember meeting him in the street.
                     
  我记得在街上见过他。
                     
  I remember to write a letter to my parents.
                     
  我想起来要给我父母亲写信。
                     
  3) "stop + 动名词"表示停止动名词所表示的动作, "stop + 不定式"表示停下来  做不定式所表示的动作。
                     
  Stop smoking, please.
                     
  请不要抽烟 。
                     
  Let's stop to have a rest.
                     
  咱们停下来休息一下吧。
                     
  4) 动名词和分词的区别:
                     
  动名词作定语时,动名词和它所修饰的词没有逻辑上的主谓关系,而分词作定语时, 分词和它所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系。
                     
  reading text 阅读课文 〔动名词〕
                     
  developing country 发展中国家 〔分词〕
                     
  a sleeping bag 睡袋 〔动名词〕
                     
  boiled water 开水 〔分词〕


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 learning wpSzFe     
n.学问,学识,学习;动词learn的现在分词
参考例句:
  • When you are learning to ride a bicycle,you often fall off.初学骑自行车时,常会从车上掉下来。
  • Learning languages isn't just a matter of remembering words.学习语言不仅仅是记些单词的事。
2 smoking NilzKh     
n.吸烟,抽烟;冒烟
参考例句:
  • He was wise to give up smoking.他戒烟是明智的。
  • He has decided to cut out smoking and drinking.他已决心戒烟、戒酒。
3 pretend 2Q4xj     
vt.假装,假托,装扮;vi.假装,装作
参考例句:
  • So you don't need to pretend,do you?所以你不必装假了,对吧?
  • Many people pretend that they understand modern art.许多人装着自己懂得现代艺术。
4 delay UxixO     
v./ n.拖延,延误,延迟,延期;耽搁
参考例句:
  • The strike caused a great delay in the delivery of the mail.这次罢工严重地延误了邮件的投递。
  • I couldn't judge whether the delay was good or bad.我不能断定这样延迟是好还是坏。
5 deny pm8z6     
vt.否定,否认;拒绝相信,拒绝接受,拒绝给予;vi.否定,拒绝
参考例句:
  • Don't imagine you can deny that.你休想低赖。
  • He didn't deny the facts.他没有否认这些事实。
6 endure upSxM     
vt.忍受(痛苦、困难等),耐住
参考例句:
  • If other people can endure hardship,why can't I? 人家能吃苦,我就不能?
  • You can only guess at what mental suffering they endure.你只能猜测他们忍受着多大的精神痛苦。
7 resist 8W7xi     
vt.抵抗,反抗,抗,忍得住
参考例句:
  • It is vain to resist.抵抗是没用的。
  • I couldn't resist telling him the secret.我忍不住把那个秘密告诉了他。
8 undertake OH6yl     
vt.从事,保证,承担,同意,接受
参考例句:
  • I can undertake that you will enjoy the play.我保证你会喜欢这个剧。
  • I want you to undertake all the responsibility.我要你承担所有的责任。
9 propose A0lzq     
v.提出,建议;提名,推荐
参考例句:
  • Did he propose marriage to you?他向你求婚了吗?
  • I propose resting for an hour.我建议休息一小时。
10 deserve owaxR     
vt.应受,值得;vi. 应受报答,值得受赏
参考例句:
  • You really deserve a good beating,you naughty boy.你这个调皮孩子真该打。
  • I do not deserve all the praises bestowed upon me.我不配得到这些赞扬。
TAG标签:
发表评论
请自觉遵守互联网相关的政策法规,严禁发布色情、暴力、反动的言论。
评价:
表情:
验证码:点击我更换图片