A new University of Colorado Boulder¹ study shows that a small amount of physical exercise could profoundly protect the elderly from long-term memory loss that can happen suddenly following infection, illnesses or injury in old age. In the study, CU-Boulder Research Associate Ruth Barrientos and her colleagues showed that aging rats that ran just over half a kilometer each week were protected against infection-induced memory loss.

"Our research shows that a small amount of physical exercise by late middle-aged² rats profoundly protects against exaggerated inflammation in the brain and long-lasting memory impairments（损害） that follow a serious bacterial³ infection," said Barrientos of the psychology⁴ and neuroscience department.

The results of the study will appear in the Aug. 10 edition of The Journal of Neuroscience.

"Strikingly, this small amount of running was sufficient to confer robust⁵ benefits for those that ran over those that did not run," Barrientos said. "This is an important finding because those of advanced age are more vulnerable to memory impairments following immune challenges such as bacterial infections or surgery. With baby boomers currently at retirement⁶ age, the risk of diminished memory function in this population is of great concern. Thus, effective noninvasive therapies are of substantial clinical value."

Past research has shown that exercise in humans protects against declines in cognitive⁷ function associated with aging and protects against dementia（痴呆） . Researchers also have shown that dementia is often preceded by bacterial infections, such as pneumonia⁸, or other immune challenges.

"To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that voluntary exercise in rats reduces aging-induced susceptibility to the cognitive impairments that follow a bacterial infection, and the processes thought to underlie⁹ these impairments," Barrientos said.

In the study, the researchers found that rats infected with E. coli bacteria experienced detrimental¹⁰（不利的） effects on the hippocampus（海马） , an area of the brain that mediates¹¹ learning and memory.

Previous research has shown that immune cells of the brain, called microglia（小神经胶质） , become more reactive with age. When the older rats in the study encountered a bacterial infection, these immune cells released inflammatory molecules¹² called cytokines（细胞因子） in an exaggerated and prolonged manner.

"In the current study we found that small amounts of voluntary exercise prevented the priming of microglia, the exaggerated inflammation in the brain, and the decrease of growth factors," Barrientos said.

The next step of this research is to examine the role that stress hormones¹³ may play in sensitizing microglia, and whether physical exercise slows these hormones in older rats, she said.

Barrientos co-authored the paper with CU-Boulder professors of psychology and neuroscience Steven Maier, Linda Watkins, Serge Campeau, Heidi Day and Susan Patterson; and CU-Boulder psychology research assistants Timothy Chapman, Matthew Frank, Nicole Crysdale and Jared Ahrendsen.

The research was funded by the National Institute on Aging, which is part of the National Institutes of Health.