Magnetic resonance¹ imaging (MRI核磁共振成像) of the brain could expand the number of stroke patients eligible² for a potentially life-saving treatment, according to a new study, published online and in the December issue of the journal Radiology. Some patients who suffer an acute ischemic（缺血性的） stroke — in which a blood clot³ or other obstruction⁴ blocks blood flow in the brain — can be treated with a drug called tissue plasminogen（纤溶酶原） activator⁵, or tPA, that dissolves the clot and restores blood flow. However, the clot-busting drug can only be administered within four and a half hours of the onset⁶ of a stroke; when given beyond that window of time, the drug can cause bleeding in the brain.

According to the American Stroke Association, stroke is the third leading cause of death in the United States behind diseases of the heart and cancer. Approximately 795,000 Americans suffer a new or recurrent（复发的，周期性的） stroke each year.

"As many as a quarter of all stroke patients cannot be given tPA because they wake up with stroke symptoms or are unable to tell their doctor when their stroke began," said lead researcher Catherine Oppenheim, M.D., Ph.D., professor of radiology at Université Paris Descartes in France.

In the study, Dr. Oppenheim and her team of researchers reviewed data from consecutive⁷ patients with acute ischemic stroke treated at Sainte-Anne Hospital in Paris between May 2006 and October 2008. The time of stroke onset was well defined in all patients and each underwent MRI within 12 hours.

The 130 patients in the study included 77 men and 53 women (mean age 64.7). Of those, 63 patients underwent MRI within three hours of stroke onset and 67 were imaged between three and 12 hours after stroke onset.

The radiologists analyzed⁸ different types of MRI data on the patients, including fluid-attenuated inversion⁹ recovery (FLAIR), diffusion¹⁰-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC表观扩散系数) ratios.

Using the MRI data alone, the radiologists were able to predict with greater than 90 percent accuracy which patients had experienced stroke symptoms for longer than three hours.

"When the time of stroke onset is unknown, MRI could help identify patients who are highly likely to be within the three-hour time window when tPA is proven effective and approved for use," Dr. Oppenheim said.

According to Dr. Oppenheim, using MRI to determine the duration of a stroke would change the way stroke is managed in the emergency setting.

"With the use of MRI, all stroke patients could be managed urgently, not just those patients with a known onset of symptoms," she said.

Dr. Oppenheim said clinical trials are the next step necessary to validate¹¹（证实，确认） the use of MRI as a surrogate（代理的，替代的） marker of stroke duration.