斯坦福科学家研制出纸式电池
文章来源:未知 文章作者:meng 发布时间:2009-12-09 00:29 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
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Stanford scientists are harnessing nanotechnology纳米技术 to quickly produce ultra-lightweight超轻的, bendable可弯曲的 batteries and supercapacitors超级电容器 in the form of以……的形式 everyday paper. Simply coating a sheet of paper with ink made of carbon nanotubes含碳纳米管 and silver nanowires makes a highly conductive传导的 storage device, said Yi Cui, assistant professor助理教授 of materials science and engineering.

"Society really needs a low-cost, high-performance energy storage device, such as batteries and simple supercapacitors," he said.

Like batteries, capacitors hold an electric charge, but for a shorter period of time. However, capacitors can store and discharge electricity much more rapidly than a battery.

Cui's work is reported in the paper "Highly Conductive Paper for Energy Storage Devices," published online this week in the Proceedings1 of the National Academy of Sciences.

"These nanomaterials are special," Cui said. "They're a one-dimensional structure with very small diameters直径." The small diameter helps the nanomaterial ink stick strongly to the fibrous纤维的 paper, making the battery and supercapacitor very durable2. The paper supercapacitor may last through 40,000 charge-discharge cycles – at least an order of magnitude more than lithium锂 batteries. The nanomaterials also make ideal conductors because they move electricity along much more efficiently3 than ordinary conductors, Cui said.

Cui had previously4 created nanomaterial energy storage devices using plastics. His new research shows that a paper battery is more durable because the ink adheres粘 more strongly to paper (answering the question, "Paper or plastic?"). What's more, you can crumple压皱 or fold the paper battery, or even soak浸,泡 it in acidic酸性的 or basic solutions, and the performance does not degrade. "We just haven't tested what happens when you burn it," he said.

The flexibility6 of paper allows for many clever applications. "If I want to paint my wall with a conducting energy storage device," Cui said, "I can use a brush." In his lab, he demonstrated the battery to a visitor by connecting it to an LED发光二极管 (light-emitting diode), which glowed brightly.

A paper supercapacitor may be especially useful for applications like electric or hybrid7 cars双动力汽车, which depend on the quick transfer of electricity. The paper supercapacitor's high surface-to-volume ratio体积比 gives it an advantage.

"This technology has potential to be commercialized within a short time," said Peidong Yang, professor of chemistry at the University of California-Berkeley. "I don't think it will be limited to just energy storage devices," he said. "This is potentially a very nice, low-cost, flexible electrode软焊条 for any electrical device."

Cui predicts the biggest impact may be in large-scale storage of electricity on the distribution grid8. Excess electricity generated at night, for example, could be saved for peak-use periods during the day. Wind farms and solar energy systems also may require storage.

"The most important part of this paper is how a simple thing in daily life – paper – can be used as a substrate基片,衬底 to make functional9 conductive electrodes by a simple process," Yang said. "It's nanotechnology related to daily life, essentially10."

Cui's research team includes postdoctoral scholars Liangbing Hu and JangWook Choi, and graduate student Yuan Yang.



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1 proceedings Wk2zvX     
n.进程,过程,议程;诉讼(程序);公报
参考例句:
  • He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
  • to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼
2 durable frox4     
adj.持久的,耐久的
参考例句:
  • This raincoat is made of very durable material.这件雨衣是用非常耐用的料子做的。
  • They frequently require more major durable purchases.他们经常需要购买耐用消费品。
3 efficiently ZuTzXQ     
adv.高效率地,有能力地
参考例句:
  • The worker oils the machine to operate it more efficiently.工人给机器上油以使机器运转更有效。
  • Local authorities have to learn to allocate resources efficiently.地方政府必须学会有效地分配资源。
4 previously bkzzzC     
adv.以前,先前(地)
参考例句:
  • The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
  • Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿,解释原先发生了什么。
5 crumple DYIzK     
v.把...弄皱,满是皱痕,压碎,崩溃
参考例句:
  • Take care not to crumple your dress by packing it carelessly.当心不要因收放粗心压纵你的衣服。
  • The wall was likely to crumple up at any time.墙随时可能坍掉。
6 flexibility vjPxb     
n.柔韧性,弹性,(光的)折射性,灵活性
参考例句:
  • Her great strength lies in her flexibility.她的优势在于她灵活变通。
  • The flexibility of a man's muscles will lessen as he becomes old.人老了肌肉的柔韧性将降低。
7 hybrid pcBzu     
n.(动,植)杂种,混合物
参考例句:
  • That is a hybrid perpetual rose.那是一株杂交的四季开花的蔷薇。
  • The hybrid was tall,handsome,and intelligent.那混血儿高大、英俊、又聪明。
8 grid 5rPzpK     
n.高压输电线路网;地图坐标方格;格栅
参考例句:
  • In this application,the carrier is used to encapsulate the grid.在这种情况下,要用载体把格栅密封起来。
  • Modern gauges consist of metal foil in the form of a grid.现代应变仪则由网格形式的金属片组成。
9 functional 5hMxa     
adj.为实用而设计的,具备功能的,起作用的
参考例句:
  • The telephone was out of order,but is functional now.电话刚才坏了,但现在可以用了。
  • The furniture is not fancy,just functional.这些家具不是摆着好看的,只是为了实用。
10 essentially nntxw     
adv.本质上,实质上,基本上
参考例句:
  • Really great men are essentially modest.真正的伟人大都很谦虚。
  • She is an essentially selfish person.她本质上是个自私自利的人。
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