英文诗歌用词、词法、句法(四)
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英诗词法、句法要点(Poetic1 Grammar)

  词法

  动词

  1、 动词一般现在时第三人称单数的形式是在动词尾加-th,像liveth,knoweth,hath等等。

  如:

  From her kennel2 beneath the rock

  She maketh answer to the clock. (Coleridge)

  在她岩石下面的洞穴中,

  她按照时钟行事。

  And in silence prayeth she. (Coleridge)

  她默默地祈祷。

  2、 现在时及过去时第二人称单数动词词尾加-st的形式,像livest,knowest,sayst,dost,livedst,knewest,saidst,didst,hadst等,此外还有动词shall,will, be的形式为shalt,wilt,art(现在时单数第二人称thou art等于you are),wert(或wast,第二人称,单数过去时thou wert或thou wast等于you were)。上述各种形式均与第二人称单数人称代词thou连用。

  如:

  Nor care what land thou bearst me to.(Byron)

  我不介意你带我前往何方。

  With double joy wert thou with me. (Byron)

  你与我共享双重欢乐。

  Thou liest, thou liest, thou little foot-page,

  Loud dost thou lie to me! (Scott)

  你撒谎,你撒谎,你这个小随从,

  你竟敢明目张胆地对我撒谎!

  3、 过去时和过去分词的较古老形式。

  如:wrought (worked), bade (bid), begat (begot), clove4 (cleft), crew (crowed), drave (drove), spake (spoke), throve (thrived), clomb (climbed), clad (clothed), bare (bore, "bear"的过去时),broke (broken), lockt (locked), sate5 (sat)等。

  And hark, again, the crowing cock,

  How drowsily6 it crew. (Coleridge)

  听,鸡又啼鸣,

  那么使人昏然入眠。

  Aloft in awful state

  The godlike hero sate. (Dryden)

  高高在上,令人生畏,

  俨如上帝,英雄就位。

  And the loud laugh that spake the vacant mind. (Goldsmith)

  高亢的笑声说出了心灵的空虚。

  形容词

  1、 形容词用作名词:

  Below the chestnuts7, when their buds were glistening8 to the breezy blue (-sky). (Tennyson)

  栗树荫中,嫩果向着漠然的蓝天闪烁。

  The dreaded9 vast (-expanse) of night. (Milton)

  令人生畏茫茫无际的黑夜。

  Where I used to play on the green (-grass). (Blake)

  昔日我常在那绿茵之上嬉戏。

  2、使用复合形容词取得简洁效果:

  Or in the violet-embroidered vale. (Milton)

  在开满了紫罗兰的山谷里。

  Before the crimson-circled star. (Tennyson)

  在绯红色光环围绕的星星之前。

  副词

  1、 副词词尾不加-ly:

  They praised him soft and low. (Tennyson)

  他们柔声低语地赞扬他。

  The green trees whispered low and mild. (Longfellow)

  绿树轻柔地沙沙私语。

  Oh night,

  And storm, and darkness, ye are wondrous10 strong. (Byron)

  啊,夜晚,暴风雨和黑代词

  aught(anything,任何事物);

  naught(nothing,没有什么);

  thou,(you,你【主格】),

  thee(you,你【宾格】),

  thy(your,你的),

  thine(your,你的【在元音或h之前】);

  yonder,yon(that,在那儿的物或人),

  ye(you,你们)

  列举以下诗行为例:

  1、Tell me, thou star, whose wings of light,

  Speed thee in thy fiery11 light.

  (Shelley)

  thou=you【主】,thee=you【宾】,thy=your

  你,星星,告诉我,谁的光亮翅膀,

  在你的灼热光亮中使你疾翔……

  2、I saw thee weep.

  (Byron)

  thee=you

  我看见了你在哭泣。

  2、Near yonder thorn, that lifts its head on high…

  (Goldsmith)

  yonder=that

  临近那蒺藜,它高高昂起了它的头……

  连接词:

  albeit(although,尽管、虽然);

  ere(before,在……以前)

  When in one night, ere glimpse of morn…

  (Milton)

  ere=before

  在一个夜晚,瞥见晨曦之前……

  前置词:

  anent(concerning,关于),amidst(among,在……当中),athwart(across,横跨);

  betwixt(between,在……中间)

  She drew her casement12 curtain by, and glanced athwart the glooming flats.

  (Tennyson)

  athwart=across

  她拉开窗帘,

  目光横掠过阴郁的旷野。

 

  2、-ly结尾的副词以-lier的形式表示比较级:

  You have taken it wiselier than I meant you should. (Shakespeare)

  你已经泰然处之,胜过我所期望于你。

  Strange friend, present, and to be:

  Loved deeplier, darklier understood. (Tennyson)

  现在和将来的陌生朋友:

  爱得更深,体谅得更知己。

 



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1 poetic b2PzT     
adj.富有诗意的,有诗人气质的,善于抒情的
参考例句:
  • His poetic idiom is stamped with expressions describing group feeling and thought.他的诗中的措辞往往带有描写群体感情和思想的印记。
  • His poetic novels have gone through three different historical stages.他的诗情小说创作经历了三个不同的历史阶段。
2 kennel axay6     
n.狗舍,狗窝
参考例句:
  • Sporting dogs should be kept out of doors in a kennel.猎狗应该养在户外的狗窝中。
  • Rescued dogs are housed in a standard kennel block.获救的狗被装在一个标准的犬舍里。
3 wrought EoZyr     
v.引起;以…原料制作;运转;adj.制造的
参考例句:
  • Events in Paris wrought a change in British opinion towards France and Germany.巴黎发生的事件改变了英国对法国和德国的看法。
  • It's a walking stick with a gold head wrought in the form of a flower.那是一个金质花形包头的拐杖。
4 clove TwtzJh     
n.丁香味
参考例句:
  • If tired,smell a whiff of clove oil and it will wake you up.如果疲倦,闻上一点丁香油将令人清醒。
  • A sweet-smell comes from roses and clove trees.丁香与玫瑰的香味扑鼻而来。
5 sate 2CszL     
v.使充分满足
参考例句:
  • Nothing could sate the careerist's greed for power.什么也满足不了这个野心家的权力欲。
  • I am sate with opera after listening to it for a whole weekend.听了整整一个周末的歌剧,我觉得腻了。
6 drowsily bcb5712d84853637a9778f81fc50d847     
adv.睡地,懒洋洋地,昏昏欲睡地
参考例句:
  • She turned drowsily on her side, a slow creeping blackness enveloping her mind. 她半睡半醒地翻了个身,一片缓缓蠕动的黑暗渐渐将她的心包围起来。 来自飘(部分)
  • I felt asleep drowsily before I knew it. 不知过了多久,我曚扙地睡着了。 来自互联网
7 chestnuts 113df5be30e3a4f5c5526c2a218b352f     
n.栗子( chestnut的名词复数 );栗色;栗树;栗色马
参考例句:
  • A man in the street was selling bags of hot chestnuts. 街上有个男人在卖一包包热栗子。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Talk of chestnuts loosened the tongue of this inarticulate young man. 因为栗子,正苦无话可说的年青人,得到同情他的人了。 来自汉英文学 - 中国现代小说
8 glistening glistening     
adj.闪耀的,反光的v.湿物闪耀,闪亮( glisten的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • Her eyes were glistening with tears. 她眼里闪着晶莹的泪花。
  • Her eyes were glistening with tears. 她眼睛中的泪水闪着柔和的光。 来自《用法词典》
9 dreaded XuNzI3     
adj.令人畏惧的;害怕的v.害怕,恐惧,担心( dread的过去式和过去分词)
参考例句:
  • The dreaded moment had finally arrived. 可怕的时刻终于来到了。
  • He dreaded having to spend Christmas in hospital. 他害怕非得在医院过圣诞节不可。 来自《用法词典》
10 wondrous pfIyt     
adj.令人惊奇的,奇妙的;adv.惊人地;异乎寻常地;令人惊叹地
参考例句:
  • The internal structure of the Department is wondrous to behold.看一下国务院的内部结构是很有意思的。
  • We were driven across this wondrous vast land of lakes and forests.我们乘车穿越这片有着湖泊及森林的广袤而神奇的土地。
11 fiery ElEye     
adj.燃烧着的,火红的;暴躁的;激烈的
参考例句:
  • She has fiery red hair.她有一头火红的头发。
  • His fiery speech agitated the crowd.他热情洋溢的讲话激动了群众。
12 casement kw8zwr     
n.竖铰链窗;窗扉
参考例句:
  • A casement is a window that opens by means of hinges at the side.竖铰链窗是一种用边上的铰链开启的窗户。
  • With the casement half open,a cold breeze rushed inside.窗扉半开,凉风袭来。
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