More fish lowers risk of blindness in the elderly
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VOICE ONE:

This is SCIENCE IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English. I'm Bob Doughty1.

VOICE TWO:

And I'm Barbara Klein. This week -- research into eating fish as a possible way to help save eyesight in older people.

VOICE ONE:

A study says moderate coffee drinking may reduce the risk of some diseases.

VOICE TWO:

Muhammad Ali enters the snack food business, but the aim is to help overweight young people.

VOICE ONE:

And if you are listening to us on a personal computer, get ready to wish the P.C. a happy birthday on Saturday.

(MUSIC)

VOICE TWO:

Two studies are suggesting ways to reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration. A.M.D. is the main cause of blindness among older adults. It affects the macula, the part of the eye that lets you see in detail. The disease makes seeing less and less clear and in time leads to blindness.

One study found that cigarette smokers2 were almost two times as likely to develop A.M.D. as people who did not smoke. Researchers with the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary organized the study. Their findings appeared in the Archives of Ophthalmology.

The study involved men with twin brothers, almost seven hundred individuals. The average age was about seventy-five.

The men were asked questions about their diet and history of cigarette smoking, alcohol use and physical activity. Some of the men already had age-related macular degeneration.

The study found that the men who ate more fish, even those who smoked cigarettes, were less likely to develop A.M.D. Those who ate more than two meals a week containing fish were the least likely to develop the disease.

VOICE ONE:

A second study produced similar results. It found that people who ate at least one meal containing fish each week were forty-percent less likely to develop A.M.D.

Researchers with the University of Sydney in Australia studied information on almost three thousand people. Each person was forty-nine years of age or older. They were asked about their diet and medical history, and then tested for the disease after five years.

The results of both studies have not yet been confirmed. But they do show a possible link between eating fish and prevention of age-related macular degeneration.

Researchers say the best fish to eat are those high in omega-three fatty acids, like salmon3 and mackerel. Some people take fish oil supplements or eat foods, like flax seeds and walnuts4, that also have them.

(MUSIC)

VOICE TWO:

Many people drink coffee to quickly increase their energy levels. Researchers from Norway and the United States say there may be another reason to drink coffee. They found that drinking moderate amounts of coffee each day may help protect against some health problems, including heart disease.

The findings were published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. David Jacobs of the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis worked on the study with researchers from the University of Oslo. He says the findings suggest there may be health reasons for drinking coffee.

The researchers studied the link between coffee drinking and risk of death from heart disease, cancer and other diseases that involve inflammation of tissue.

VOICE ONE:

The researchers used information about nearly forty-two thousand women. The women were between fifty-five and sixty-nine years of age when they entered the study.

The researchers removed some of the women from consideration because of their condition. Those removed already had heart disease, cancer, diabetes5, colitis orliver cirrhosis. As a result, the number of women studied dropped to twenty-seven thousand three hundred. During a fifteen-year period, almost four thousand three hundred of them died.

VOICE TWO:

The researchers found a link between the amount of coffee the women reported drinking and their risk of dying from heart disease. Coffee drinking was measured in cups. One cup is equal to about two hundred twenty-five grams.

There was a reduced risk of death from heart disease among women who drank from one to three cups of coffee each day. A reduction in the risk of death from other inflammatory diseases was also seen. Professor Jacobs says this risk reduction did not decrease among women who drank more coffee. But the risk reduction for death from heart disease did decrease in women who drank more than three cups a day.

The professor told Reuters Health he would like to see other studies done before making a "very strong statement" in support of coffee drinking.

The researchers say antioxidants in coffee might reduce the risk of heart disease. Earlier studies found that coffee has high levels of antioxidants. Antioxidants have been shown to help prevent cancer, heart disease and other conditions.

(MUSIC BRIDGE)

VOICE ONE:

You are listening to SCIENCE IN THE NEWS in VOA Special English.

Former heavyweight boxing champion Muhammad Ali has started a company that will make healthy food products for young people to eat and drink between meals. The goal is to help young people who are overweight.

The foods and drinks will contain no more than one hundred fifty calories each. They will contain added vitamins and fiber6.The long-established food company, Mars7 Incorporated8, will help develop the products. Mister Ali’s new company is called GOAT Food and Beverage9. The name comes from the beginning letters of words used to describe the former boxer10 -- “Greatest of All Time.?

Early next year, some stores will introduce the snack foods, which will be shaped like equipment used in boxing.

A company official said the new foods are meant for people ages sixteen to twenty-four who often eat between meals. The idea is for young people to eat the healthy snacks several times a day instead of high-calorie, high-fat foods.

VOICE TWO:

The World Health Organization says more than fifteen percent of American children and young people weigh too much. Many experts say this is partly because they eat and drink too many foods that are high in calories, fat and sugar.

Doctors say that extreme overweight in young people can have serious results. Being too fat can lead to high blood pressure, diabetes and liver disease.

Some observers praised the idea of Mister Ali’s new snack foods. But others said people might not buy them. They said people often do not buy food described as healthy because they do not believe it will taste good. Other critics said young people might eat too much of the low calorie food. Mister Ali became concerned about overweight children after his son, Sadi, struggled with weight problems.

Muhammad Ali was heavyweight champion of the world three times. Now he is sixty-four years old. He suffers from Parkinson’s syndrome11.

Mister Ali says he wants to pass on the values that made him a champion to the next group of champions. He believes that better nutrition can help young people be the best they can be.

(MUSIC BRIDGE)

VOICE ONE:

Last week we discussed the fiftieth anniversary of an important event in the history of computing12. It was the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence.

Now we have another computer-related anniversary to mark. In New York, on August twelfth, nineteen eighty-one, the International Business Machines company announced a new product. It was the IBM Personal Computer. That machine was the first P.C. to become a success on the market.

Personal computers have done a lot in twenty-five years. But, by now, the traditional P.C. is considered old technology. Listen next week for more on the past, present and future of computing.

(THEME)

VOICE TWO:

SCIENCE IN THE NEWS was written by Brianna Blake, Lawan Davis and Jerilyn Watson. Mario Ritter was the producer. Transcripts13 and archives of our shows are at voaspecialenglish.com. I'm Barbara Klein.

VOICE ONE:

And I'm Bob Doughty. If you have a question about science that we might be able to answer on our show, send it to special@voanews.com. Join us again next week for more news about science in Special English on the Voice of America.

age-related macular degeneration: 年龄相关性黄斑病变

liver cirrhosis:肝硬化



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 doughty Jk5zg     
adj.勇猛的,坚强的
参考例句:
  • Most of successful men have the characteristics of contumacy and doughty.绝大多数成功人士都有共同的特质:脾气倔强,性格刚强。
  • The doughty old man battled his illness with fierce determination.坚强的老人用巨大毅力与疾病作斗争。
2 smokers d3e72c6ca3bac844ba5aa381bd66edba     
吸烟者( smoker的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily. 许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
  • Chain smokers don't care about the dangers of smoking. 烟鬼似乎不在乎吸烟带来的种种危害。
3 salmon pClzB     
n.鲑,大马哈鱼,橙红色的
参考例句:
  • We saw a salmon jumping in the waterfall there.我们看见一条大马哈鱼在那边瀑布中跳跃。
  • Do you have any fresh salmon in at the moment?现在有新鲜大马哈鱼卖吗?
4 walnuts 465c6356861ea8aca24192b9eacd42e8     
胡桃(树)( walnut的名词复数 ); 胡桃木
参考例句:
  • Are there walnuts in this sauce? 这沙司里面有核桃吗?
  • We ate eggs and bacon, pickled walnuts and cheese. 我们吃鸡蛋,火腿,腌胡桃仁和干酪。
5 diabetes uPnzu     
n.糖尿病
参考例句:
  • In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者,医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
  • Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。
6 fiber NzAye     
n.纤维,纤维质
参考例句:
  • The basic structural unit of yarn is the fiber.纤维是纱的基本结构单元。
  • The material must be free of fiber clumps.这种材料必须无纤维块。
7 Mars 4oSz63     
n.火星,战争
参考例句:
  • As of now we don't know much about Mars.目前我们对火星还知之甚少。
  • He contended that there must be life on Mars.他坚信火星上面一定有生物。
8 incorporated dqQz8G     
a.结合的,并为一体的
参考例句:
  • Many of your suggestions have been incorporated in the plan. 你的很多建议已纳入计划中。
  • These conditions must be expressly incorporated into the contract of employment. 这些条件都必须明确地写进雇佣合同之中。
9 beverage 0QgyN     
n.(水,酒等之外的)饮料
参考例句:
  • The beverage is often colored with caramel.这种饮料常用焦糖染色。
  • Beer is a beverage of the remotest time.啤酒是一种最古老的饮料。
10 boxer sxKzdR     
n.制箱者,拳击手
参考例句:
  • The boxer gave his opponent a punch on the nose.这个拳击手朝他对手的鼻子上猛击一拳。
  • He moved lightly on his toes like a boxer.他像拳击手一样踮着脚轻盈移动。
11 syndrome uqBwu     
n.综合病症;并存特性
参考例句:
  • The Institute says that an unidentified virus is to blame for the syndrome. 该研究所表示,引起这种综合症的是一种尚未确认的病毒。
  • Results indicated that 11 fetuses had Down syndrome. 结果表明有11个胎儿患有唐氏综合征。
12 computing tvBzxs     
n.计算
参考例句:
  • to work in computing 从事信息处理
  • Back in the dark ages of computing, in about 1980, they started a software company. 早在计算机尚未普及的时代(约1980年),他们就创办了软件公司。
13 transcripts 525c0b10bb61e5ddfdd47d7faa92db26     
n.抄本( transcript的名词复数 );转写本;文字本;副本
参考例句:
  • Like mRNA, both tRNA and rRNA are transcripts of chromosomal DNA. tRNA及rRNA同mRNA一样,都是染色体DNA的转录产物。 来自辞典例句
  • You can't take the transfer students'exam without your transcripts. 没有成绩证明书,你就不能参加转学考试。 来自辞典例句
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