英语阅读理解100篇(基础篇)-2
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

Passage two (Vicious and Dangerous Sports Should be Banned by Law)

When you think of the tremendous technological1 progress we have made, it’s amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished2 the orgies of slaughter3 that went on in their arenas4. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified5? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don’t the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains6 as bloodthirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungey lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.

It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter7 each other to pulp8 in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively9 unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing10 cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of ‘the sporting spirit’ is sheer hypocrisy11. People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite12 pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.

Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask. The answer is simple: they are uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally – admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless13 other barbaric practices which were common in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law. The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing14 influence. If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.

 

1.       It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s opinion of nowadays’ human beings is
A.  not very high.                               B.  high.
C.  contemptuous.                                        D.  critical.

2.       The main idea of this passage is
A. vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law.
B.  people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence.
C.  to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports.
D.  people are bloodthirsty in sports.

3.       That the author mentions the old Romans is
A.  To compare the old Romans with today’s people.
B.  to give an example.
C.  to show human beings in the past know nothing better.
D.  to indicate human beings are used to bloodthirsty.

4.       How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage?
A.  Three.                                                    B.  Five.
C.  Six.                                                       D.  Seven.

5.       The purpose of the author in writing this passage is
A.  that, by banning the violent sports, we human beings can improve our selves.
B.  that, by banning the dangerous sports, we can improve the law.
C.  that we must take positive steps to improve social welfare system.
D.  to show law is the main instrument of social change.

 

Vocabulary

 

1.        relish                从……获得乐处,享受

2.        orgy                            狂欢,放纵

3.        arena                           竞技场,活动或斗争的场所

4.        blood-thirsty               残忍的,嗜血的

5.        bear-baiting                 逗熊游戏

6.        bull-fight                    斗牛

7.        batter                          猛击,连续地猛打/捶,乱打

8.        pulp                                 成纸浆,成软块

9.        burst into flames           突然燃烧起来/着火

10.    grim                            令人窒息的,简陋的

11.    coop up                       把……关起来

 

 

难句译注

 

1.       bear-baiting  逗熊游戏。这是一种十六、十七世纪流行于英国的游戏――驱狗去咬绑着的熊,很残忍,后被禁止。

2.       …two men batter each other to pulp in the boxing ring.
 
【结构简析】batter one to pulp = beat one to a pulp 狠揍某人,打瘫某人
 
【参考译文】两个人在拳击场内彼此狠揍,知道一个人被打倒在地,爬不起来。

3.       …unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames.
 
【参考译文】眼见一辆或多辆赛车相互撞击,突然烧起来而无动于衷。

4.       A world heavy weight championship match is front page news.
 
【参考译文】世界重量级冠军赛总是头版头条新闻。

 

 

写作方法与文章大意

 

  作者采取先对比、后分析的写作手法。先是今人和古罗马人对暴虐体育上对此两者都欣赏。后者坦率成人“欣赏暴力体育”,前者施以各种接口、实际都是嗜血成性者。第二段进一步剖析今人欣赏暴虐体育的种种实例,最后指出改善“暴虐”的根本嗜为改善法律采取积极的步骤,法律才能施以巨大的文明影响,否则人类很难改变。

 

 

答案详解

 

1.           A.  不太高。文章一开始就点出科技巨大进步,而其他方面进展很少。人们以轻蔑的口气谈及可怜的古罗马人,因为他们欣赏竞技场上的屠杀。我们轻视他们,因为他们把这些屠杀视为娱乐。我们可以降阶/屈尊地谅解他们,因为他们生活在2000年前,显然,对好的东西不知道。在这里作者反问,我们的优越感是否正确呢?我们的嗜血性是不是少一些?为什么拳击比赛吸引那么许多人?在场的观赏者(观众)是不是也希望看到一些暴力呢?结论是:人类和过去一样残忍。唯一的不同点在于古罗马人很诚实,他们承认他们欣赏观看饥饿的狮子把人撕碎,活生生吃掉,而我们会找出各种精辟的理由来保卫早该制止的运动。第二段举出具体例子,如斗牛、拳击中把人打瘫在地、车赛中,车子碰撞起火,人们就坐在那里观看欣赏,参赛者是为了高报酬,观众付出大笔钱财是为了看到暴力。作者指出任何体育精神的说法纯粹是虚伪。如果一场打比赛(世界重量级冠军赛),两轮而不是十五轮就告结束,成千上百万人们会感到失望――这些都证明人的卑下,不文明。这两段似乎也证明作者的观点应该是C项――蔑视的。但在第三段谈及,好几个世纪以来,人们一直试图在精神上和情感上改善自己,又得承认不怎么成功。可至少我们不再容忍疯人禁锢于笼中,当众鞭挞,以及其他许多过去普遍存在的野蛮行径。监狱也不再是过去那种令人窒息的禁锢之地,社会福利制度在全世界许多地方推行。在财富公平分配上也作了很大的努力。这些变化的出现不是因为人突然改善,而是在改变法律上采取了 积极的步骤。如果我们禁止危险的暴力体育项目,那么我们在改善人类方面又前进了一步。我们会认识暴力是人类的堕落和卑下(人类不应有的)。从这段来看,作者对人类还抱有希望,不是很蔑视。所以选A项。

2.           A.   法律应禁止堕落而又危险的体育项目。见第一题注释。作者从古罗马人欣赏残忍的体育项目说起,点出现代人也是嗜血成性,喜欢暴力体育项目。这是不文明,是堕落。必须制止,而法律是我们社会改革最强大的工具,它可应用,发挥强大的文明影响(第三段倒数第三句)
B.
人们愿意支付巨大款项来观看暴力。这是作者说明“嗜血成性”的具体内容之一。C. 对比对危险体育项目不同的态度。这里没有对比。D.人类嗜血成性。这是作者认为人们为什么欣赏危险残忍体育项目的根源。

3.           D.  人们在体育上习惯于“嗜血成性”,过去是,现在仍然是,不同点只是前者坦直承认,后者婉转掩饰。见第一题注释。
A.
把古罗马人和现代人对比。这项没有说明对比什么。B. 给出一个例子。太抽象。C. 说明过去人类不太知道更美好的东西,这两项都没有到位。

4.           B.  5个。作者提到⑴逗熊游戏;⑵斗牛;⑶车赛;⑷拳击;⑸人狮斗。至于当众鞭挞和绞刑不能称作体育活动。

5.           A.  通过制止野蛮体育项目,我们能改善人类自身。这在第三段讲的最透彻,见第一题和第二题注释。
B.
通过制止野蛮体育活动,我们能改善法律,不完全对。作者明确指出要用法律来禁止野蛮体育项目。C. 我们必须采取积极步骤来改善社会福利体制。D. 去表明法律是社会变革的主要工具。



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 technological gqiwY     
adj.技术的;工艺的
参考例句:
  • A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
  • Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今, 随着科技进步,生活节奏不断增快。
2 relished c700682884b4734d455673bc9e66a90c     
v.欣赏( relish的过去式和过去分词 );从…获得乐趣;渴望
参考例句:
  • The chaplain relished the privacy and isolation of his verdant surroundings. 牧师十分欣赏他那苍翠的环境所具有的幽雅恬静,与世隔绝的气氛。 来自辞典例句
  • Dalleson relished the first portion of the work before him. 达尔生对眼前这工作的前半部分满有兴趣。 来自辞典例句
3 slaughter 8Tpz1     
n.屠杀,屠宰;vt.屠杀,宰杀
参考例句:
  • I couldn't stand to watch them slaughter the cattle.我不忍看他们宰牛。
  • Wholesale slaughter was carried out in the name of progress.大规模的屠杀在维护进步的名义下进行。
4 arenas 199b9126e4f57770e1c427caf458ae03     
表演场地( arena的名词复数 ); 竞技场; 活动或斗争的场所或场面; 圆形运动场
参考例句:
  • Demolition derbies are large-scale automobile rodeos that take place in big arenas. 撞车比赛指的是在很大的竞技场上举行的大型汽车驾驶技术表演。
  • Are there areas of privacy in the most public of arenas? 在绝大部分公开的场合中存在需要保护隐私的领域吗?
5 justified 7pSzrk     
a.正当的,有理的
参考例句:
  • She felt fully justified in asking for her money back. 她认为有充分的理由要求退款。
  • The prisoner has certainly justified his claims by his actions. 那个囚犯确实已用自己的行动表明他的要求是正当的。
6 remains 1kMzTy     
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
参考例句:
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
7 batter QuazN     
v.接连重击;磨损;n.牛奶面糊;击球员
参考例句:
  • The batter skied to the center fielder.击球手打出一个高飞球到中外野手。
  • Put a small quantity of sugar into the batter.在面糊里放少量的糖。
8 pulp Qt4y9     
n.果肉,纸浆;v.化成纸浆,除去...果肉,制成纸浆
参考例句:
  • The pulp of this watermelon is too spongy.这西瓜瓤儿太肉了。
  • The company manufactures pulp and paper products.这个公司制造纸浆和纸产品。
9 relatively bkqzS3     
adv.比较...地,相对地
参考例句:
  • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
  • The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
10 racing 1ksz3w     
n.竞赛,赛马;adj.竞赛用的,赛马用的
参考例句:
  • I was watching the racing on television last night.昨晚我在电视上看赛马。
  • The two racing drivers fenced for a chance to gain the lead.两个赛车手伺机竞相领先。
11 hypocrisy g4qyt     
n.伪善,虚伪
参考例句:
  • He railed against hypocrisy and greed.他痛斥伪善和贪婪的行为。
  • He accused newspapers of hypocrisy in their treatment of the story.他指责了报纸在报道该新闻时的虚伪。
12 exquisite zhez1     
adj.精美的;敏锐的;剧烈的,感觉强烈的
参考例句:
  • I was admiring the exquisite workmanship in the mosaic.我当时正在欣赏镶嵌画的精致做工。
  • I still remember the exquisite pleasure I experienced in Bali.我依然记得在巴厘岛所经历的那种剧烈的快感。
13 countless 7vqz9L     
adj.无数的,多得不计其数的
参考例句:
  • In the war countless innocent people lost their lives.在这场战争中无数无辜的人丧失了性命。
  • I've told you countless times.我已经告诉你无数遍了。
14 civilizing a08daa8c350d162874b215fbe6fe5f68     
v.使文明,使开化( civilize的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • The girls in a class tend to have a civilizing influence on the boys. 班上的女生往往能让男生文雅起来。
  • It exerts a civilizing influence on mankind. 这产生了教化人类的影响。 来自辞典例句
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