21. Which one of the following, if true, world most strengthen the argument？

　　（A） Most citizens would tolerate some limits on freedom of speech

　　（B） With or without a policy of freedom of speech, governments respond to dangerous ideas irrationally¹

　　（C） Freedom of religion and freedom of assembly are also basic human rights than governments must recognize

　　（D） Governments are less likely to be overthrown² if they openly adopt a policy allowing freedom of speech

　　（E） Great ideas have flourished in societies that repress free speech as often as in those that permit it

　　22. The trustees of the Avonbridge summer drama workshop have decided³ to offer scholarships to the top 10 percent of local applicants⁴ and the top 10 percent of nonlocal applicants as judged on the basis of a qualifying audition⁵. They are doing this to ensure that only the applicants with the most highly evaluated auditions⁶ are offered scholarships to the program.

　　Which one of the following points out why the trustees' plan might not be effective in achieving its goal？

　　（A） The best actors can also apply for admission to another program and then not enroll⁷ in the Avonbridge program

　　（B） Audition materials that produce good results for one actor may disadvantage another, resulting in inaccurate⁸ assessment⁹

　　（C） The top 10 percent of local and nonlocal applicants might not need scholarships to the Avonbridge program

　　（D） Some of the applicants who are offered scholarships could have less highly evaluated auditions than some of the applicants who are not offered scholarships

　　（E） Dividing applicants into local and nonlocal groups is unfair because it favors nonlocal applicants

　　23. Book Review： When I read a novel set in a city I know well, I must see that the writer knows the city as well as I do if I am to take that writer seriously. If the writer is faking I know immediately and do not trust the writer. When a novelist demonstrates the required knowledge, I trust the story teller¹⁰, so I trust the tale. This trust increases my enjoyment¹¹ of a good novel. Peter Lee's second novel is set in San Francisco, in this novel, as in his first, Lee passes my test with flying colors.

　　Which one of the following can be properly inferred from the passage？

　　（A） The book reviewer enjoys virtually any novel written by a novelist whom she trusts

　　（B） If the book reviewer trusts the novelist as a storyteller, the novel in question must be set in a city the book reviewer knows well

　　（C） Peter Lee's first novel was set in San Francisco

　　（D） The book reviewer does not trust any novel set in a city that she does not know well

　　（E） The book reviewer does not believe that she knows San Francisco better than Peter Lee does

　　24. Someone's benefiting from having done harm to another person is morally justifiable¹² only if the person who was harmed knew that what was done could cause that harm but consented to its being done anyway

　　Which of the following judgments¹³ most closely conforms to the principle above？

　　（A） Attempting to avoid being kept after school as punishment for breaking a window. Sonia falsely claimed that her brother had broken it； Sonia's action was morally unjustifiable since it resulted in both children being kept after school for something only Sonia had done

　　（B） Since Ned would not have won the prize for best model airplane if Penny's brother had not inadvertently damaged her entry while playing with it. Ned is morally unjustified in accepting his prize

　　（C） Wesley, a doctor, persuade Max to take part in a medical experiment in which a new drug was being tested： since Wesley failed to warn Max about the serious side effects of the drug and the drug proved to have no other effects Wesley was morally unjustified in using the results obtained from Max in his report.

　　（D） Because Roger's mother suffered severe complications as a result of donating a kidney to him for lifesaving kidney transplant, it was morally unjustifiable for Roger to receive the transplant, even though his mother, herself a doctor, had been eager for the transplant to be performed.

　　（E） For James, who was convicted of having defrauded¹⁴ a large number of people out of their savings¹⁵ and wrote a book about his scheme while in prison, to be denied the profits from his book would be morally unjustifiable since he was already been punished for his crime.

　　25. Certain governments subsidize certain basic agricultural products in order to guarantee an adequate domestic production of them. But subsidies¹⁶ encourage more intensive farming, which eventually leads to soil exhaustion¹⁷ and drastically reduced yields.

　　The situation above is most nearly similar to which one of the following situations with respect to the relationship between the declared intent of a government practice and a circumstance relevant to it？

　　（A） Certain governments subsidize theaters in order to attract foreign tourists. But tourists rarely choose a destination for the theatrical¹⁸ performances it has to offer.

　　（B） Certain governments restrict imports in order to keep domestic producers in business. But, since domestic producers do not have to face the full force of foreign competition, some domestic producers are able to earn inordinately¹⁹ high profits.

　　（C） Certain governments build strong armed forces in order to maintain the sort of discipline and morale²⁰ that keeps armed forces strong, those forces must be used in actual combat periodically.

　　（D） Certain governments reduce taxes on business ventures are not always as successful as their owners hoped.

　　（E） Certain governments pass traffic laws in order to make travel safer. But the population-driven growth in volumes of traffic often has the effect of making travel less safe despite the passage of new traffic laws.

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