LSAT模拟试题:LSAT模拟试题TEST3逻辑1a
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SECTION IV

  Time—35 minutes

  25 Questions

  Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. For some questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer, that is, the response that most accurately1 and completely answers the question. You should not make assumptions that are by commonsense2 standards implausible, superfluous3, or incompatible4 with the Passage After you have chosen the best answer, blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet

  1. With the passage of the new tax reform law, the annual tax burden on low-income taxpayers5 will be reduced, on average, by anywhere from $100 to $300. Clearly, tax reform is in the interest of low-income taxpayers.

  Which one of the following, if true, most undermines the conclusion above?

  (A) Tax reform, by simplifying the tax code will save many people the expense of having an accountant do their taxes.

  (B) Tax reform, by eliminating tax incentives6 to build rental7 housing, will push up rents an average of about $40 per month for low-income taxpayers.

  (C) Low-income taxpayers have consistently voted for those political candidates who are strong advocates of tax reform.

  (D) The new tax reform laws will permit low and middle-income taxpayers to deduct8 Child-care expenses from their taxes.

  (E) Under the new tax reform laws, many low-income taxpayers who now pay taxes will no Longer be required to do so.

  2. If we are to expand the exploration of our solar system. Our next manned flight should be to Phobos one of Mars's moons, rather than to Mars itself. The flight times to each are the same, But the Phobos expedition would require less than half the fuel load of a Mars expedition and would, therefore, be much less costly9. So, it is clear that Phobos should be our next step in Space exploration.

  Which one of the following, if true, would most help to explain the difference in fuel requirement?

  (A) More equipment would be required to explore Phobos than to explore Mars.

  (B) Smaller spaceships require less fuel than larger spaceships.

  (C) Information learned during the trip to Phobos can be used during a subsequent trip to Mars.

  (D) The shortest distance between Phobos and Mars is less than half the shortest distance Between Earth and Mars.

  (E) Lift-off for the return trip from Phobos requires much less fuel than that from Mars because of Phobos weaker gravitational pull.

  3. Scientific research that involves international collaboration10 has produced papers of greater influence. As measured by the number of times a paper is cited in subsequent papers, than has research without any collaboration. Papers that result from international collaboration are cited an average of seven times, whereas papers with single authors are cited only three times on average This difference shows that research projects conducted by international research teams are of greater importance than those conducted by single researchers.

  Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

  (A) Prolific11 writers can inflate12 the number of citations13 they receive by citing themselves in Subsequent papers.

  (B) It is possible to ascertain14 whether or not a paper is the product of international Collaboration by determining the number of citations it has received

  (C) The number of citations a paper receives is a measure of the importance of the Research it reports.

  (D) The collaborative efforts of scientists who are citizens of the same country do not produce papers that are as important as papers that are produced by international Collaboration.

  (E) International research teams tend to be more generously funded than are single

  Researchers.

  4. It is more desirable to have some form of socialized medicine than s system of medical care relying on the private sector15. Socialized medicine is more broadly accessible than is private-sector system. In addition, since countries with socialized medicine have a lower infant morality rate than do countries with a system relying entirely16 on the private sector, socialized medicine seems to be technologically18 superior.

  Which one of the following best indicates a flaw in the argument about the technological17 superiority of socialized medicine?

  (A) The lower infant mortality rate might be due to the systems allowing greater access to

  Medical care

  (B) There is no necessary connection between the economic system of socialism and Technological achievement.

  (C) Infant mortality is a reliable indicator19 of the quality of medical care for children.

  (D) No list is presented of the countries whose infant mortality statistics are summarized under the two categories, “socialized” and “private-sector”。

  (E) The argument presupposes the desirability of socialized medicine, which is what the

  Argument seeks to-establish.

  5. Most parents who are generous are good parents, but some self-centered parents are also good parents. Yet all good parents share one characteristic; they are good listeners.

  If all of the statements in the passage are true, which one of the following must also be true?

  (A) All parents who are good listeners are good parents.

  (B) Some parents who are good listeners are not good parent.

  (C) Most parents who are good listeners are generous.

  (D) Some parents who are good listeners are self-centered

  (E) Fewer self-centered parents than generous parents are good listeners.

  6. Lourdes: Dietary fiber20 is an important part of a healthful diet. Experts recommend that adults consume 20 to 35 grams of fiber a day.

  Kyra: But a daily intake21 of fiber that is significantly above that recommended level interferes22 with mineral absorption, especially the absorption of calcium23. The public should be told to cut act on fiber intake

  Which one of the following, if true, most undermines Kyra's recommendation?

  (A) Among adults, the average consumption of dietary fiber is at present approximately 10 grams a day.

  (B) The more a food is processed, the more the fiber is broken down and the lower the Fiber content.

  (C) Many foodstuffs24 that are excellent sources of fiber are economical and readily available

  (D) Adequate calcium intake helps prevent the decrease in bone mass known as osteoporosis.

  (E) Many foodstuffs that are excellent sources of fiber are popular with consumers.

  7. A certain retailer25 promotes merchandise by using the following policy: At all times there is either a “manger's sale” or a “holiday sale” or both going on. All sales are run for exactly one calendar month. In any given month, if a manager wishes to clear out particular Line of merchandise, then a managers' sale is declared, If a holiday falls within the calendar month And there is excess merchandise in the warehouse26 never contains excess merchandise

  Which one of the following can be concluded from the passage?

  (A) If a holiday falls within a given month and there is no extra merchandise in the warehouse that month, then a holiday sale is declared

  (B) If a holiday sale is not being run, then it is the month of August.

  (C) If a manger's sale is being run in some month, and then there is no excess merchandise in the warehouse in that month.

  (D) If there is not a manger's sale being run some month. Then there is holiday sale being run in that month.

  (E) If there is no excess merchandise in the warehouse, then it is the month of August.

  8. Prominent business executives often play active roles in United States presidential campaigns as fundraisers or backroom strategists. But few actually seek to become president themselves. Throughout history the great majority of those who have sought to become president have been Lawyers, military leaders, or full-time27 politicians. This is understandable, for the personality and skills that make for success in business do not make for success in politics. Business is largely hierarchical, whereas politics is coordinative28; As a result, business executives tend to be Uncomfortable with compromises and power sharing, which are inherent in polities.

  Which one of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the proposed explanation of why Business executives do not run for president?

  (A) Many of the most active presidential fundraisers and backroom strategists are themselves Politicians.

  (B) Military leaders are generally no more comfortable with compromises and power sharing than are business executives.

  (C) Some of the skills needed to become a successful lawyer are different from some of those needed to become a successful military leader.

  (D) Some former presidents have engaged in business ventures after leaving office

  (E) Some hierarchically structured companies have been major financial supporters of Candidates for president.

  9. A scientific theory is a good theory if it satisfies two requirements, It must accurately describe a large class of observations in terms of a model that is simple enough to contain only a few elements, and it must make definite predictions about the results of future observations, For example, Aristotle's cosmological theory, which claimed that everything was made out of four elements——earth, air, fire, and water——satisfied the first requirement, but it did not make any definite, Thus, Aristotle's cosmological theory was not a good theory.

  If all the statements in the passage are true, each of the following must also be true EXCEPT:

  (A) Prediction about the results of future observations must be made by any good scientific theory.

  (B) Observation of physical phenomena29 was not a major concern in Aristotle's cosmological Theory

  (C) Four elements can be the basis of a scientific model that is simple enough to meet the Simplicity30 criterion of a good theory.

  (D) A scientific model that contains many elements is not a good theory

  (E) Aristotle's cosmological theory described a large class of observations in terms of only four elements.



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1 accurately oJHyf     
adv.准确地,精确地
参考例句:
  • It is hard to hit the ball accurately.准确地击中球很难。
  • Now scientists can forecast the weather accurately.现在科学家们能准确地预报天气。
2 commonsense aXpyp     
adj.有常识的;明白事理的;注重实际的
参考例句:
  • It is commonsense to carry an umbrella in this weather.这种天气带把伞是很自然的。
  • These results are no more than a vindication of commonsense analysis.这些结果只不过是按常理分析得出的事实。
3 superfluous EU6zf     
adj.过多的,过剩的,多余的
参考例句:
  • She fined away superfluous matter in the design. 她删去了这图案中多余的东西。
  • That request seemed superfluous when I wrote it.我这样写的时候觉得这个请求似乎是多此一举。
4 incompatible y8oxu     
adj.不相容的,不协调的,不相配的
参考例句:
  • His plan is incompatible with my intent.他的计划与我的意图不相符。
  • Speed and safety are not necessarily incompatible.速度和安全未必不相容。
5 taxpayers 8fa061caeafce8edc9456e95d19c84b4     
纳税人,纳税的机构( taxpayer的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Finance for education comes from taxpayers. 教育经费来自纳税人。
  • She was declaiming against the waste of the taxpayers' money. 她慷慨陈词猛烈抨击对纳税人金钱的浪费。
6 incentives 884481806a10ef3017726acf079e8fa7     
激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 ); 刺激; 诱因; 动机
参考例句:
  • tax incentives to encourage savings 鼓励储蓄的税收措施
  • Furthermore, subsidies provide incentives only for investments in equipment. 更有甚者,提供津贴仅是为鼓励增添设备的投资。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
7 rental cBezh     
n.租赁,出租,出租业
参考例句:
  • The yearly rental of her house is 2400 yuan.她这房子年租金是2400元。
  • We can organise car rental from Chicago O'Hare Airport.我们可以安排提供从芝加哥奥黑尔机场出发的租车服务。
8 deduct pxfx7     
vt.扣除,减去
参考例句:
  • You can deduct the twenty - five cents out of my allowance.你可在我的零用钱里扣去二角五分钱。
  • On condition of your signing this contract,I will deduct a percentage.如果你在这份合同上签字,我就会给你减免一个百分比。
9 costly 7zXxh     
adj.昂贵的,价值高的,豪华的
参考例句:
  • It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
  • This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用,左不过贵了些。
10 collaboration bW7yD     
n.合作,协作;勾结
参考例句:
  • The two companies are working in close collaboration each other.这两家公司密切合作。
  • He was shot for collaboration with the enemy.他因通敌而被枪毙了。
11 prolific fiUyF     
adj.丰富的,大量的;多产的,富有创造力的
参考例句:
  • She is a prolific writer of novels and short stories.她是一位多产的作家,写了很多小说和短篇故事。
  • The last few pages of the document are prolific of mistakes.这个文件的最后几页错误很多。
12 inflate zbGz8     
vt.使膨胀,使骄傲,抬高(物价)
参考例句:
  • The buyers bid against each other and often inflate the prices they pay.买主们竞相投标,往往人为地提高价钱。
  • Stuart jumped into the sea and inflated the liferaft.斯图尔特跳到海里给救生艇充气。
13 citations f545579a8900192a0b83b831bee7f711     
n.引用( citation的名词复数 );引证;引文;表扬
参考例句:
  • The apt citations and poetic gems have adorned his speeches. 贴切的引语和珠玑般的诗句为他的演说词增添文采。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • Some dictionary writers use citations to show what words mean. 有些辞典的编纂者用引文作例证以解释词义。 来自辞典例句
14 ascertain WNVyN     
vt.发现,确定,查明,弄清
参考例句:
  • It's difficult to ascertain the coal deposits.煤储量很难探明。
  • We must ascertain the responsibility in light of different situtations.我们必须根据不同情况判定责任。
15 sector yjczYn     
n.部门,部分;防御地段,防区;扇形
参考例句:
  • The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
  • The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。
16 entirely entirely     
ad.全部地,完整地;完全地,彻底地
参考例句:
  • The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
  • His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。
17 technological gqiwY     
adj.技术的;工艺的
参考例句:
  • A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
  • Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今, 随着科技进步,生活节奏不断增快。
18 technologically WqpwY     
ad.技术上地
参考例句:
  • Shanghai is a technologically advanced city. 上海是中国的一个技术先进的城市。
  • Many senior managers are technologically illiterate. 许多高级经理都对技术知之甚少。
19 indicator i8NxM     
n.指标;指示物,指示者;指示器
参考例句:
  • Gold prices are often seen as an indicator of inflation.黃金价格常常被看作是通货膨胀的指标。
  • His left-hand indicator is flashing.他左手边的转向灯正在闪亮。
20 fiber NzAye     
n.纤维,纤维质
参考例句:
  • The basic structural unit of yarn is the fiber.纤维是纱的基本结构单元。
  • The material must be free of fiber clumps.这种材料必须无纤维块。
21 intake 44cyQ     
n.吸入,纳入;进气口,入口
参考例句:
  • Reduce your salt intake.减少盐的摄入量。
  • There was a horrified intake of breath from every child.所有的孩子都害怕地倒抽了一口凉气。
22 interferes ab8163b252fe52454ada963fa857f890     
vi. 妨碍,冲突,干涉
参考例句:
  • The noise interferes with my work. 这噪音妨碍我的工作。
  • That interferes with my plan. 那干扰了我的计划。
23 calcium sNdzY     
n.钙(化学符号Ca)
参考例句:
  • We need calcium to make bones.我们需要钙来壮骨。
  • Calcium is found most abundantly in milk.奶含钙最丰富。
24 foodstuffs 574623767492eb55a85c5be0d7d719e7     
食物,食品( foodstuff的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Imports of foodstuffs accounted for a small proportion of total imports. 食物进口仅占总进口额的一小部份。
  • Many basic foodstuffs, such as bread and milk, are tax-free. 许多基本食物如牛奶和面包是免税的。
25 retailer QjjzzO     
n.零售商(人)
参考例句:
  • What are the retailer requirements?零售商会有哪些要求呢?
  • The retailer has assembled a team in Shanghai to examine the question.这家零售商在上海组建了一支团队研究这个问题。
26 warehouse 6h7wZ     
n.仓库;vt.存入仓库
参考例句:
  • We freighted the goods to the warehouse by truck.我们用卡车把货物运到仓库。
  • The manager wants to clear off the old stocks in the warehouse.经理想把仓库里积压的存货处理掉。
27 full-time SsBz42     
adj.满工作日的或工作周的,全时间的
参考例句:
  • A full-time job may be too much for her.全天工作她恐怕吃不消。
  • I don't know how she copes with looking after her family and doing a full-time job.既要照顾家庭又要全天工作,我不知道她是如何对付的。
28 coordinative cfd9b8d2c9d3cb43bef9b09864be903a     
adj.同等的,同位的
参考例句:
  • Ecological city is one with coordinative development of society, economy and eco-environment. 生态城市是社会、经济、生态环境协调发展的城市。 来自互联网
  • An environment-economy coordinative development of regional environment-economy problem is studied quantitatively. 建立了环境经济协调发展判据,对区域环境经济协调发展问题进行了定量研究。 来自互联网
29 phenomena 8N9xp     
n.现象
参考例句:
  • Ade couldn't relate the phenomena with any theory he knew.艾德无法用他所知道的任何理论来解释这种现象。
  • The object of these experiments was to find the connection,if any,between the two phenomena.这些实验的目的就是探索这两种现象之间的联系,如果存在着任何联系的话。
30 simplicity Vryyv     
n.简单,简易;朴素;直率,单纯
参考例句:
  • She dressed with elegant simplicity.她穿着朴素高雅。
  • The beauty of this plan is its simplicity.简明扼要是这个计划的一大特点。
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