6. The economies of some industrialized countries face the prospect¹ of large labor² shortages in the decades ahead. Meanwhile, these countries will have a vast number of experienced and productive older workers who, as things stand, will be driven from the work force upon reaching the age of sixty-five by the widespread practice of requiring workers to retire at that age. Therefore, if the discriminatory practice of mandatory³ retirement⁴ at age sixty-five were eliminated, the labor shortages facing these economies would be averted⁵.

　　The argument assumes that

　　（A） older workers have acquired skills that are extremely valuable and that their younger colleagues lack

　　（B） workers in industrialized countries are often unprepared to face the economic consequences of enforced idleness

　　（C） a large number of workers in some industrialized countries would continue working beyond the age of sixty-five if workers in those countries were allowed to do so

　　（D） mandatory retirement at age sixty-five was first instituted when life expectancy⁶ was considerable lower than it is today

　　（E） a substantial proportion of the population of officially retired⁷ workers is actually engaged in gainful employment

　　7. The incidence in Japan of most types of cancer is remarkable⁸ low compared to with in North America, especially considering that Japan has a modern life-style, industrial pollution included. The cancer rates, however, for Japanese people who immigrate⁹ to North America and adopt the diet of North Americans approximate the higher cancer rates prevalent in North America.

　　If the statements above are true, they provide the most support for which one of the following？

　　（A） The greater the level of industrial pollution in a country, the higher that country's cancer rate will tend to be.

　　（B） The stress of life in North America is greater than that of life in Japan and predisposes to cancer.

　　（C） The staple¹⁰ foods of the Japanese diet contain elements that cure cancer.

　　（D） The relatively¹¹ low rate of cancer among people in Japan does not result from a high frequency of a protective genetic¹² trait among Japanese people.

　　（E） The higher cancer rates of Japanese immigrants to North America are caused by fats in the North American diet.

　　8. A translation invariably reflects the writing style of the translator. Sometimes when a long document needs to be translated quickly, several translators are put to work on the job, each assigned to translate part of the document. In these cases, the result is usually a translation marked by different and often incompatible¹³ writing styles. Certain computer programs for language translation that work without the intervention¹⁴ of human translation can finish the job faster than human translators and produce a stylistically uniform translation with an 80 percent accuracy rate. Therefore, when a long document needs to be translated quickly, it is better to use a computer translation program than human translators.

　　Which one of the following issues would be LEAST important to resolve in evaluating the argument？

　　（A） whether the problem of stylistic variety in human translation could be solved by giving stylistic guidelines to human translators

　　（B） whether numerical comparisons of the accuracy of translations can reasonably be made

　　（C） whether computer translation programs, like human translators, each have their own distinct writing style

　　（D） whether the computer translation contains errors of grammar and usage that drastically alter the meaning of the text

　　（E） how the accuracy rate of computer translation programs compares with that of human translators in relation to the users' needs.

　　Questions 9-10

　　Myrna： People should follow diets in which fat represents no more than 30 percent of total calories, not the 37 percent the average diet in this country contains.

　　Roland： If everyone in the country followed you recommendation during his or her entire life, just 0.2 percent would lengthen¹⁵ their live at all, and then only by an average of 3 months. Modifying ort diet is not worthwhile. A lifetime of sacrifice spent eating an unappealing low-fat diet is too high a price to pay for the chance of extending that sacrifice for 3 months.

　　Myrna： But for everyone who dies early from a high-fat diet, many more people suffer from serious chronic¹⁶ diseases because they followed such diets.

　　9. Myrna responds to Roland by

　　（A） disputing the correctness of the facts cited by Roland and offering facts that she considers correct

　　（B） showing that the factors considered by Roland are not the only ones relevant in evaluating her recommendation

　　（C） demonstrating that the statistics used by Roland to dispute her recommendation are inaccurate¹⁷

　　（D） suggesting that Roland's evidence derives¹⁸ from unreliable sources

　　（E） pointing out that Roland's argument assumes the very proposition it sets out to prove

　　10. Roland's argument assumes that

　　（A） it is desirable to live in such a way as to length life as much as possible

　　（B） a low-fat diet cannot readily be made appealing and satisfying to a person who follows it regularly

　　（C） diet is the only relevant factor to consider in computing influences on length of life

　　（D） the difference in tastiness between a diet in which fat represents 30 percent of total calories and one in which it represents 37 percent is not noticeable

　　（E） not everyone in the country eats the average diet

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