LSAT考试模拟试题:LSAT考试试题一d
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

15. Which one of the following most accurately1 expresses the main idea of the passage?

(A) At present, no single hypothesis explaining the latitudinal2 gradient in numbers of species is more widely accepted than any other.
(B) The tropical climate is more conducive3 to promoting species diversity than are arctic or temperate4 climates.
(C) Several explanations have been suggested for global patterns in species distribution, but a hypothesis involving rates of speciation seems most promising5.
(D) Despite their differences, the various hypotheses regarding a latitudinal gradient in species diversity concur6 in predicting that the gradient can be expected to increase.
(E) In distinguishing among the current hypotheses for distribution of species, the most important crierion is whether a hypothesis proposes a mechanism7 that can be tested and validated8.

16. Which one of the following situations is most consistent with the species-energy hypothesis as described in the passage?

(A) The many plants in a large agricultural tract9 represent a limited range of species.
(B) An animal species experiences a death rate almost as rapid as its rate of growth and reproduction
(C) Within the small number of living organisms in a desert habitat, many different species are represented.
(D) In a tropical rain forest, a species with a large population is found to exhibit instances of local extinction10.
(E) In an arctic tundra11, the plants and animals exbibit a slow rate of growth and reproduction.

17. As presented in the passage, the principles of the time theory most strongly support which one of the following predictions?

(A) In the absence of additional ice ages, the number of species at high latitudes12 could eventually increase significantly.
(B) No future ice ages are likely to change the climatic conditions that currently characterize temperate regions
(C) If no further ice ages occur, climatic conditions at high latitudes might eventually resemble those at today's tropical latitudes.
(D) Researchers will continue to find many more new species in the tropies than in the arctic and temperate zones.
(E) Future ice ages are liekly to interrupt the climatic conditions that now characterize high-latitude regions

18. Which one of the following, if true, most clearly weakens the rate-of-speciation hypothesis as it is described in the passage?

(A) A remote subgroup of a tropical species is reunited with the original population and proves unable to interbreed with members of this original population
(B) Investigation13 of a small area of a tropical rain forest reveals that many competing species are able to coexist on the same range of resoruces.
(C) A correlation14 between higher energy influx15, larger populations, and lower probability of local extinction is definitively16 established.
(D) Researchers find more undiscovered species during an investigation of an arctic region than they had anticipated.
(E) Most of the isolated17 subgroups of mammalian life within a tropical zone are found to experience rapid extinction

19. Which one of the following inferences about the biological characteristics of a temperate-zone grassland18 is most strongly supported by the passage?

(A) It has more different species than does a tropical-zone forest.
(B) Its climatic conditions have been severely19 interrupted in the past by a succession of ice ages.
(C) If it has a large amount of biomass, iit also has a large number of different species.
(D) It has a larger regional pool of species than does an arctic grassland
(E) If population groups become isolated at its edges, they are likely to adapt to local conditions and beocme new species

20. With which one of the following statements concerning possible explanations for the latitudinal gradient in number of species would the author be most likely to agree?

(A) The time theory is the least plausible20 of proposed hypotheses, since it does not correctly assess the impact of ice ages upon tropical conditions.
(B) The rate-of-speciation hypothesis addresses a principal objection to the climatic-stability hypothesis
(C) The major objection to the time theory is that it does not accurately reflect the degree to which the latitudinal gradient exists, especially when undiscovered species are taken into account.
(D) Despite the claims of the species-energy hypothesis, a high rate of biological growth and reproduction is more likely to exist with low biomass than with high biolmass
(E) An important advantage of the rate-of-speciation theory is that it considers species competition in a rgeional rather than local context.

Two impressive studies have reexamined Eric Williams' conclusion that Britain's abolition21 of the slave trade in 1807 and its emancipation22 of slaves in its colonies in 1834 were driven primarily by economic

(5) rather than humanitarian23 motives24. Blighted25 by depleted26 soil, indebtedness, and the inefficiency27 of coerced28 labor29, these colonies, according to Williams, had by 1807 become an impediment to British economic progress.

(10) Seymour Drescher provides a more balanced view. Rejecting interpretations30 based either on economic interest or the moral vision of abolitionists, Drescher has recostructed the populist characteristics of British abolitionism, which appears to have cut across lines of

(15) class, party, and religion. Nothing that between 1780 and 1830 antislavery petitions outnumbered those on any other issue, including parliamentary reform,Drescher concludes that such support cannot be explained by economic interest alone, especially when

(20) much of it came from the unenfranchised masses, Yet, aside from demonstrating that such support must have resulted at least in part from widespread literacy and a tradition of political activism, Drescher does not finally explain how England, a nation deeply divided by class

(25) struggles, could mobilize popular support for antislavery measures proposed by otherwise conservative politicians in the House of Lords and approved there with little dissent31.

David Eltis' answer to that question actually

(30) supports some of Williams' insights. Eschewing32 Drescher's idealization of British traditions of liberty, Eltis points to continuing use of low wages and Draconian33 vagrancy34 laws in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to ensure the industriousness35 of

(35) British workers. Indeed, certain notables even called for the enslavement of unemployed36 laborers37 who roamed the British countryside—an acceptance of coerced labor that Eltis attributes to a preindustrial desire to keep labor costs low and exports competitive.

(40) By the late eighteenth century, however, a growing home market began to alert capitalists to the importance of "want creation" and to incentives38 such as higher wages as a means of increasing both worker productivity and the number of consumers.

(45) Significantly, it was products grown by slaves, such as sugar, soffee, and tobacco, that stimulated39 new wants at all levels of British society and were the forerunners40 of products intended in modern capitalist societies to satisfy what Eltis describes as "nonsubsistence or

(50) psychological needs." Eltis concludes that in an economy that had begun to rely on voluntary labor to satisfy such needs, forced labor necessarily began to appear both inappropriate and counterproductive to employers. Eltis thus concludes that, while Williams

(55) may well have underestimated the economic viability41 of the British colonies employing forced labor in the early 1800s, his insight into the economic motives for abolition was partly accurate. British leaders became committed to colonial labor reform only when they

(60) became convinced, for reasons other than those cited by Williams, that free labor was more beneficial to the imperial economy



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 accurately oJHyf     
adv.准确地,精确地
参考例句:
  • It is hard to hit the ball accurately.准确地击中球很难。
  • Now scientists can forecast the weather accurately.现在科学家们能准确地预报天气。
2 latitudinal 975e2b64104fe5433774a2f0e24cf3a6     
adj.纬度的,纬度方向的
参考例句:
  • Elevational and latitudinal trends were not pronounced. 海拔和纬度的变化趋势不明显。 来自辞典例句
  • The parameterized eddy fluxes simulatedthe seasonal and latitudinal variations reasonably well. 模拟出涡动通量的空间分布和时间变化。 来自互联网
3 conducive hppzk     
adj.有益的,有助的
参考例句:
  • This is a more conducive atmosphere for studying.这样的氛围更有利于学习。
  • Exercise is conducive to good health.体育锻炼有助于增强体质。
4 temperate tIhzd     
adj.温和的,温带的,自我克制的,不过分的
参考例句:
  • Asia extends across the frigid,temperate and tropical zones.亚洲地跨寒、温、热三带。
  • Great Britain has a temperate climate.英国气候温和。
5 promising BkQzsk     
adj.有希望的,有前途的
参考例句:
  • The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
  • We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。
6 concur CnXyH     
v.同意,意见一致,互助,同时发生
参考例句:
  • Wealth and happiness do not always concur.财富与幸福并非总是并存的。
  • I concur with the speaker in condemning what has been done.我同意发言者对所做的事加以谴责。
7 mechanism zCWxr     
n.机械装置;机构,结构
参考例句:
  • The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
  • The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。
8 validated c9e825f4641cd3bec0ba01a0c2d67755     
v.证实( validate的过去式和过去分词 );确证;使生效;使有法律效力
参考例句:
  • Time validated our suspicion. 时间证实了我们的怀疑。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • The decade of history since 1927 had richly validated their thesis. 1927年以来的十年的历史,充分证明了他们的论点。 来自辞典例句
9 tract iJxz4     
n.传单,小册子,大片(土地或森林)
参考例句:
  • He owns a large tract of forest.他拥有一大片森林。
  • He wrote a tract on this subject.他曾对此写了一篇短文。
10 extinction sPwzP     
n.熄灭,消亡,消灭,灭绝,绝种
参考例句:
  • The plant is now in danger of extinction.这种植物现在有绝种的危险。
  • The island's way of life is doomed to extinction.这个岛上的生活方式注定要消失。
11 tundra dmtwW     
n.苔原,冻土地带
参考例句:
  • The arctic tundra is at the top of the world around the North Pole.北极冻原是指北极点周边的地区,是世界最高的地方。
  • There is a large amount of methane gas under the Siberian tundra.西伯利亚的冻土地带之下有大量的甲烷气体。
12 latitudes 90df39afd31b3508eb257043703bc0f3     
纬度
参考例句:
  • Latitudes are the lines that go from east to west. 纬线是从东到西的线。
  • It was the brief Indian Summer of the high latitudes. 这是高纬度地方的那种短暂的晚秋。
13 investigation MRKzq     
n.调查,调查研究
参考例句:
  • In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
  • He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。
14 correlation Rogzg     
n.相互关系,相关,关连
参考例句:
  • The second group of measurements had a high correlation with the first.第二组测量数据与第一组高度相关。
  • A high correlation exists in America between education and economic position.教育和经济地位在美国有极密切的关系。
15 influx c7lxL     
n.流入,注入
参考例句:
  • The country simply cannot absorb this influx of refugees.这个国家实在不能接纳这么多涌入的难民。
  • Textile workers favoured protection because they feared an influx of cheap cloth.纺织工人拥护贸易保护措施,因为他们担心涌入廉价纺织品。
16 definitively bfa3c9e3e641847693ee64d5d8ab604b     
adv.决定性地,最后地
参考例句:
  • None of the three super-states could be definitively conquered even by the other two in combination. 三个超级国家中的任何一国都不可能被任何两国的联盟所绝对打败。 来自英汉文学
  • Therefore, nothing can ever be definitively proved with a photograph. 因此,没有什么可以明确了一张照片。 来自互联网
17 isolated bqmzTd     
adj.与世隔绝的
参考例句:
  • His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是个别事件。
  • Patients with the disease should be isolated. 这种病的患者应予以隔离。
18 grassland 0fCxG     
n.牧场,草地,草原
参考例句:
  • There is a reach of grassland in the distance.远处是连绵一片的草原。
  • The snowstorm swept the vast expanse of grassland.暴风雪袭击了辽阔的草原。
19 severely SiCzmk     
adv.严格地;严厉地;非常恶劣地
参考例句:
  • He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
  • He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。
20 plausible hBCyy     
adj.似真实的,似乎有理的,似乎可信的
参考例句:
  • His story sounded plausible.他说的那番话似乎是真实的。
  • Her story sounded perfectly plausible.她的说辞听起来言之有理。
21 abolition PIpyA     
n.废除,取消
参考例句:
  • They declared for the abolition of slavery.他们声明赞成废除奴隶制度。
  • The abolition of the monarchy was part of their price.废除君主制是他们的其中一部分条件。
22 emancipation Sjlzb     
n.(从束缚、支配下)解放
参考例句:
  • We must arouse them to fight for their own emancipation. 我们必须唤起他们为其自身的解放而斗争。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • They rejoiced over their own emancipation. 他们为自己的解放感到欢欣鼓舞。 来自《简明英汉词典》
23 humanitarian kcoxQ     
n.人道主义者,博爱者,基督凡人论者
参考例句:
  • She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业,并作了很大的贡献。
  • The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。
24 motives 6c25d038886898b20441190abe240957     
n.动机,目的( motive的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • to impeach sb's motives 怀疑某人的动机
  • His motives are unclear. 他的用意不明。
25 blighted zxQzsD     
adj.枯萎的,摧毁的
参考例句:
  • Blighted stems often canker.有病的茎往往溃烂。
  • She threw away a blighted rose.她把枯萎的玫瑰花扔掉了。
26 depleted 31d93165da679292f22e5e2e5aa49a03     
adj. 枯竭的, 废弃的 动词deplete的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • Food supplies were severely depleted. 食物供应已严重不足。
  • Both teams were severely depleted by injuries. 两个队都因队员受伤而实力大减。
27 inefficiency N7Xxn     
n.无效率,无能;无效率事例
参考例句:
  • Conflict between management and workers makes for inefficiency in the workplace. 资方与工人之间的冲突使得工厂生产效率很低。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This type of inefficiency arises because workers and management are ill-equipped. 出现此种低效率是因为工人与管理层都能力不足。 来自《简明英汉词典》
28 coerced d9f1e897cffdd8ee96b8978b69159a6b     
v.迫使做( coerce的过去式和过去分词 );强迫;(以武力、惩罚、威胁等手段)控制;支配
参考例句:
  • They were coerced into negotiating a settlement. 他们被迫通过谈判解决。
  • He was coerced into making a confession. 他被迫招供。 来自《简明英汉词典》
29 labor P9Tzs     
n.劳动,努力,工作,劳工;分娩;vi.劳动,努力,苦干;vt.详细分析;麻烦
参考例句:
  • We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
  • He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后,他已经疲惫不堪了。
30 interpretations a61815f6fe8955c9d235d4082e30896b     
n.解释( interpretation的名词复数 );表演;演绎;理解
参考例句:
  • This passage is open to a variety of interpretations. 这篇文章可以有各种不同的解释。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The involved and abstruse passage makes several interpretations possible. 这段艰涩的文字可以作出好几种解释。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
31 dissent ytaxU     
n./v.不同意,持异议
参考例句:
  • It is too late now to make any dissent.现在提出异议太晚了。
  • He felt her shoulders gave a wriggle of dissent.他感到她的肩膀因为不同意而动了一下。
32 eschewing fb2a9d714a2cee90703e38e2c08699b7     
v.(尤指为道德或实际理由而)习惯性避开,回避( eschew的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • The company sells direct to customers, eschewing distributors, re-sellers, and dealers. 公司直接向客户销售,避开批发商、分销商和经销商。 来自互联网
  • That suggests the Taliban forces are eschewing firefights in favour of terrorist-style attacks. 这表明塔利班武装力量正偏向采用恐怖袭击方式以避免交火。 来自互联网
33 draconian Skvzd     
adj.严苛的;苛刻的;严酷的;龙一样的
参考例句:
  • You can't expect the people to obey such draconian regulations.你不能指望人民服从如此严苛的规定。
  • The city needs a draconian way of dealing with robbers.这个城市需要一个严苛的办法来对付强盗。
34 vagrancy 873e973b3f6eb07f179cf6bd646958dd     
(说话的,思想的)游移不定; 漂泊; 流浪; 离题
参考例句:
  • The tramp was arrested for vagrancy. 这个流浪汉因流浪而被捕。
  • Vagrancy and begging has become commonplace in London. 流浪和乞讨在伦敦已变得很常见。
35 industriousness OqVz40     
n.勤奋
参考例句:
  • Aunt Harriet could not find words to praise Bessie's industriousness and efficiency. 哈丽特不知该用什么言辞来赞扬贝西的勤奋与高效。 来自新概念英语第三册
  • They have brought to our country an industriousness that boosts our economy. 他们带来的勤奋精神促进了我们经济的发展。
36 unemployed lfIz5Q     
adj.失业的,没有工作的;未动用的,闲置的
参考例句:
  • There are now over four million unemployed workers in this country.这个国家现有四百万失业人员。
  • The unemployed hunger for jobs.失业者渴望得到工作。
37 laborers c8c6422086151d6c0ae2a95777108e3c     
n.体力劳动者,工人( laborer的名词复数 );(熟练工人的)辅助工
参考例句:
  • Laborers were trained to handle 50-ton compactors and giant cranes. 工人们接受操作五十吨压土机和巨型起重机的训练。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • Wage-labour rests exclusively on competition between the laborers. 雇佣劳动完全是建立在工人的自相竞争之上的。 来自英汉非文学 - 共产党宣言
38 incentives 884481806a10ef3017726acf079e8fa7     
激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 ); 刺激; 诱因; 动机
参考例句:
  • tax incentives to encourage savings 鼓励储蓄的税收措施
  • Furthermore, subsidies provide incentives only for investments in equipment. 更有甚者,提供津贴仅是为鼓励增添设备的投资。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
39 stimulated Rhrz78     
a.刺激的
参考例句:
  • The exhibition has stimulated interest in her work. 展览增进了人们对她作品的兴趣。
  • The award has stimulated her into working still harder. 奖金促使她更加努力地工作。
40 forerunners 5365ced34e1aafb25807c289c4f2259d     
n.先驱( forerunner的名词复数 );开路人;先兆;前兆
参考例句:
  • Country music was undoubtedly one of the forerunners of rock and roll. 乡村音乐无疑是摇滚乐的先导之一。
  • Heavy clouds are the forerunners of a storm. 阴云密布是暴风雨的前兆。 来自《简明英汉词典》
41 viability FiHwY     
n.存活(能力)
参考例句:
  • What is required to achieve or maintain such viability? 要达到或维持这种生存能力需要什么?
  • Scientists are experimenting to find ways to ensure the viability of seeds for even longer periods of time. 正如我们所说,科学家正在试验努力寻找让种子的生命力更加延长的方法。
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