LSAT考试模拟试题:LSAT考试试题一c
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9. The primary purpose of the passage is to provide an answer to which one of the following questions?

(A) How should the legal protection of Native American burial grounds be enhanced?
(B) What characteristics of Native American burial grounds enhance their chances for protection by the law?
(C) In what ways does the law protect the rights of Native Americans in regard to the contents of ancestral graves?
(D) Why are the courts concerned with protecting Native American burial grounds from desecration1?
(E) By what means can Native Americans establish their rights to land on which their ancestors are buried?

10. It can be inferred that a court would be most liekly to deny standing2 in a disinterment case to which one of the following the Native American plaintiffs?

(A) one who seeks, as one of several beneficianries of his father's estate, to protect the father's burial site
(B) one who seeks to prevent tenants3 on her land from taking artifacts from a grave located on the property
(C) one who represents a tribe whose members hope to prevent the disiment of remains4 from a distant location from which the tribe recently moved
(D) one who seeks to have artifacts that have been removed from a grave determined5 to be that of her second cousin returned ot the grave
(E) one who seek the returen of artifacts taken from the ancient burial grounds of disparate tribes and now displayed in a museum

11. According to the passage, which one of the following is true of cases involving ancient graves?

(A) Once a plaintiff's standing has been established, such cases are usually more difficult to resolve than are cases involving more recent graves.
(B) The distinction between individual and communal6 property is usually an issue in such cases.
(C) Even when a plaintiff's standing has been established, property law cannot be used as a basis for the claims of Native Americans in most such cases.
(D) In most such cases, common law does not currently provide a clear basis for establishing that Native Americans have standing.
(E) Common law is rarely used as a basis for the claims of Native Americans who have established standing in such cases.

12. The passage suggests that in making the urling in Charrier v. Bell the court is most likely to have considered the answer to which one of the following questions?

(A) Are the descendants of the deceased still alive?
(B) What was the reason for burying the objects in question?
(C) How long after interment had buried objects been claimed by a stranger?
(D) Did the descendants of the deceased remain in the neighborhood of the cemetery7?
(E) Could the property on which buried objects were found be legally considered to be abandoned property?

13. The author uses the second paragraph to

(A) illustrate8 the contention9 that common law may support the claims of Native Americans to the contents of ancestral graves
(B) exemplify the difficulties that Native Americans are likely to encounter in claiming ancestral remains
(C) introduce a discussion of the distinction between individual and communal property
(D) confirm the contention that cases involving ancient graves present unresolved legal problems
(E) suggest that property law is applicable in most disinterment cases

14. Which one of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?

(A) Prior to an appellate court's ruling in Charrier v. Bell, Native Americans had no legal grounds for demanding the returen of artifacts excavated10 from ancient graves.
(B) Property law offers the most promising11 remedies to Native Americna seeking to recover communally12 owned artifacts that were sold to museums without tribal13 authorization14.
(C) The older the grave, the more difficult it is for Native Americans to establish standing in cases concerning the disposition15 of archaeologically16 excavated ancestral remains.
(D) In cases in which Native Americans can establish standing, common law can be useful in protecting ancestral remains and the artifacts bruied with them.
(E) Native Americans are unlikely to make significant progress in the recovery of cultural property until common law is significantly expanded to provide them with standing in cases involving the excavation17 of ancient graves.

When the same habitat habitat types (forests, oceans, grasslands18, etc.) in regions of different latitudes20 are compared, it becomes apparent that the overall number of species increases from pole to equator. This

(5) latitudinal21 gradient is probably even more pronounced than current records indicate, since researchers believe that most undiscovered species live in the tropics.

One hypothesis to explain this phenomenon, the "time theory," holds that diverse species adapted to

(10) today's climatic conditions have had more time to emerge in the tropical regions, which, unlike the temperate22 and arctic zones, have been unaffected by a succession of ice ages. However, ice ages have caused less disruption in some temperate regions than in others

(15) and have not interrupted arctic conditions.

Alternatively, the species-energy hypothesis proposes the following positive correlations23: incoming energy from the Sun correlated with rates of growth and reproduction; rates of growth and reproduction

(20) with the amount of living matter (biomass) at a given moment; and the amount of biomass with number of species. However, since organisms may die rapidly, high production rates can exist with low biomass. And high biomass can exist with few species. Moreover, the

(25) mechanism24 proposed—greater energy influx25 leading to bigger populations, thereby26 lowering the probability of local extinction27—remains untested.

A thidr hypothesis centers on the tropics' climatic stability, which provides a more reliable supply of

(30) resources. Species can thus survive even with few types of food, and competing species can tolerate greater overlap28 between their respective niches29. Both capabilities30 enable more species to exist on the same resoruces. However, the ecology of local communities

(35) cannot account for the origin of the latitudinal gradient. Localized ecological31 processes such as competition do not generate regional pools of species, and it is the total number of species available regionally for colonizing32 any particular area that makes the difference between.

(40) for example, a forest at the equator and one at a higher latitude19.

A fourth and most plausible33 hypothesis focuses on regional speciation, and in particular on rates of speciation and extinction. According to this hypothesis,

(45) if speciation rates become higher toward the tropics, and are not negated34 by extinction rates, then the latitudinal gradient would result—and become increasingly steep.

The mechanism for this rate-of-speciation

(50) hypothesis is that most new animal species, and perhaps plant species arise because a population subgroup becomes isolated35. This subgroup evolves differently and eventually cannot interbreed with members of the original population. The uneven36 spread

(55) of a species over a large geographic37 area promotes this mechanism: at the edges, small populations spread out and form isolated groups. Since subgroups in an arctic environment are more likely to face extinction than those in the tropics, the latter are more likely to survive

(60) long enough to adapt to local conditions and ultimately become new species



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1 desecration desecration     
n. 亵渎神圣, 污辱
参考例句:
  • Desecration, and so forth, and lectured you on dignity and sanctity. 比如亵渎神圣等。想用尊严和神圣不可侵犯之类的话来打动你们。
  • Desecration: will no longer break stealth. 亵渎:不再消除潜行。
2 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
参考例句:
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
3 tenants 05662236fc7e630999509804dd634b69     
n.房客( tenant的名词复数 );佃户;占用者;占有者
参考例句:
  • A number of tenants have been evicted for not paying the rent. 许多房客因不付房租被赶了出来。
  • Tenants are jointly and severally liable for payment of the rent. 租金由承租人共同且分别承担。
4 remains 1kMzTy     
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
参考例句:
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
5 determined duszmP     
adj.坚定的;有决心的
参考例句:
  • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
  • He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
6 communal VbcyU     
adj.公有的,公共的,公社的,公社制的
参考例句:
  • There was a communal toilet on the landing for the four flats.在楼梯平台上有一处公共卫生间供4套公寓使用。
  • The toilets and other communal facilities were in a shocking state.厕所及其他公共设施的状况极其糟糕。
7 cemetery ur9z7     
n.坟墓,墓地,坟场
参考例句:
  • He was buried in the cemetery.他被葬在公墓。
  • His remains were interred in the cemetery.他的遗体葬在墓地。
8 illustrate IaRxw     
v.举例说明,阐明;图解,加插图
参考例句:
  • The company's bank statements illustrate its success.这家公司的银行报表说明了它的成功。
  • This diagram will illustrate what I mean.这个图表可说明我的意思。
9 contention oZ5yd     
n.争论,争辩,论战;论点,主张
参考例句:
  • The pay increase is the key point of contention. 加薪是争论的焦点。
  • The real bone of contention,as you know,is money.你知道,争论的真正焦点是钱的问题。
10 excavated 3cafdb6f7c26ffe41daf7aa353505858     
v.挖掘( excavate的过去式和过去分词 );开凿;挖出;发掘
参考例句:
  • The site has been excavated by archaeologists. 这个遗址已被考古学家发掘出来。
  • The archaeologists excavated an ancient fortress. 考古学家们发掘出一个古堡。 来自《简明英汉词典》
11 promising BkQzsk     
adj.有希望的,有前途的
参考例句:
  • The results of the experiments are very promising.实验的结果充满了希望。
  • We're trying to bring along one or two promising young swimmers.我们正设法培养出一两名有前途的年轻游泳选手。
12 communally ww6zYa     
adv.共同地
参考例句:
  • Only when the means of production were communally owned would classes disappear. 只有当生产工具公有时,阶级才会消失。
  • The mills were owned communally. 工厂是公有的。
13 tribal ifwzzw     
adj.部族的,种族的
参考例句:
  • He became skilled in several tribal lingoes.他精通几种部族的语言。
  • The country was torn apart by fierce tribal hostilities.那个国家被部落间的激烈冲突弄得四分五裂。
14 authorization wOxyV     
n.授权,委任状
参考例句:
  • Anglers are required to obtain prior authorization from the park keeper.垂钓者必须事先得到公园管理者的许可。
  • You cannot take a day off without authorization.未经批准你不得休假。
15 disposition GljzO     
n.性情,性格;意向,倾向;排列,部署
参考例句:
  • He has made a good disposition of his property.他已对财产作了妥善处理。
  • He has a cheerful disposition.他性情开朗。
16 archaeologically 0f3d0d3dc95d8e0a135a1d07d1105c6d     
archaeology(考古学)的变形
参考例句:
  • An archaeologically valuable ancient tomb was unearthed in the underlying soil of this corn field. 这片玉米地下伏土层中出土了一个有考古价值的古墓。
  • The first chapter researchs archaeologically the formation and characters of English common law. 第一章对英国普通法的形成、特征和美国对英国普通法的继受进行了考古研究。
17 excavation RiKzY     
n.挖掘,发掘;被挖掘之地
参考例句:
  • The bad weather has hung up the work of excavation.天气不好耽误了挖掘工作。
  • The excavation exposed some ancient ruins.这次挖掘暴露出一些古遗迹。
18 grasslands 72179cad53224d2f605476ff67a1d94c     
n.草原,牧场( grassland的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Songs were heard ringing loud and clear over the grasslands. 草原上扬起清亮激越的歌声。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • Grasslands have been broken and planted to wheat. 草原已经开垦出来,种上了小麦。 来自《简明英汉词典》
19 latitude i23xV     
n.纬度,行动或言论的自由(范围),(pl.)地区
参考例句:
  • The latitude of the island is 20 degrees south.该岛的纬度是南纬20度。
  • The two cities are at approximately the same latitude.这两个城市差不多位于同一纬度上。
20 latitudes 90df39afd31b3508eb257043703bc0f3     
纬度
参考例句:
  • Latitudes are the lines that go from east to west. 纬线是从东到西的线。
  • It was the brief Indian Summer of the high latitudes. 这是高纬度地方的那种短暂的晚秋。
21 latitudinal 975e2b64104fe5433774a2f0e24cf3a6     
adj.纬度的,纬度方向的
参考例句:
  • Elevational and latitudinal trends were not pronounced. 海拔和纬度的变化趋势不明显。 来自辞典例句
  • The parameterized eddy fluxes simulatedthe seasonal and latitudinal variations reasonably well. 模拟出涡动通量的空间分布和时间变化。 来自互联网
22 temperate tIhzd     
adj.温和的,温带的,自我克制的,不过分的
参考例句:
  • Asia extends across the frigid,temperate and tropical zones.亚洲地跨寒、温、热三带。
  • Great Britain has a temperate climate.英国气候温和。
23 correlations 4a9b6fe1ddc2671881c9aa3d6cc07e8e     
相互的关系( correlation的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • One would expect strong and positive correlations between both complexes. 人们往往以为这两个综合体之间有紧密的正相关。
  • The correlations are of unequal value. 这些对应联系的价值并不相同。
24 mechanism zCWxr     
n.机械装置;机构,结构
参考例句:
  • The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
  • The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。
25 influx c7lxL     
n.流入,注入
参考例句:
  • The country simply cannot absorb this influx of refugees.这个国家实在不能接纳这么多涌入的难民。
  • Textile workers favoured protection because they feared an influx of cheap cloth.纺织工人拥护贸易保护措施,因为他们担心涌入廉价纺织品。
26 thereby Sokwv     
adv.因此,从而
参考例句:
  • I have never been to that city,,ereby I don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市,因此对它不怎么熟悉。
  • He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民,因而得到了投票权。
27 extinction sPwzP     
n.熄灭,消亡,消灭,灭绝,绝种
参考例句:
  • The plant is now in danger of extinction.这种植物现在有绝种的危险。
  • The island's way of life is doomed to extinction.这个岛上的生活方式注定要消失。
28 overlap tKixw     
v.重叠,与…交叠;n.重叠
参考例句:
  • The overlap between the jacket and the trousers is not good.夹克和裤子重叠的部分不好看。
  • Tiles overlap each other.屋瓦相互叠盖。
29 niches 8500e82896dd104177b4cfd5842b1a09     
壁龛( niche的名词复数 ); 合适的位置[工作等]; (产品的)商机; 生态位(一个生物所占据的生境的最小单位)
参考例句:
  • Some larvae extend the galleries to form niches. 许多幼虫将坑道延伸扩大成壁龛。
  • In his view differences in adaptation are insufficient to create niches commensurate in number and kind. 按照他的观点,适应的差异不足以在数量上和种类上形成同量的小生境。
30 capabilities f7b11037f2050959293aafb493b7653c     
n.能力( capability的名词复数 );可能;容量;[复数]潜在能力
参考例句:
  • He was somewhat pompous and had a high opinion of his own capabilities. 他有点自大,自视甚高。 来自辞典例句
  • Some programmers use tabs to break complex product capabilities into smaller chunks. 一些程序员认为,标签可以将复杂的功能分为每个窗格一组简单的功能。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓
31 ecological IrRxX     
adj.生态的,生态学的
参考例句:
  • The region has been declared an ecological disaster zone.这个地区已经宣布为生态灾难区。
  • Each animal has its ecological niche.每种动物都有自己的生态位.
32 colonizing 8e6132da4abc85de5506f1d9c85be700     
v.开拓殖民地,移民于殖民地( colonize的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • The art of colonizing is no exception to the rule. 殖民的芸术是? 有特例的。 来自互联网
  • A Lesson for Other Colonizing Nations. 其它殖民国家学习的教训。 来自互联网
33 plausible hBCyy     
adj.似真实的,似乎有理的,似乎可信的
参考例句:
  • His story sounded plausible.他说的那番话似乎是真实的。
  • Her story sounded perfectly plausible.她的说辞听起来言之有理。
34 negated ef0a9e92a2a59eaf79f9020b694cfd67     
v.取消( negate的过去式和过去分词 );使无效;否定;否认
参考例句:
  • Our historical right to rule ourselves as a people had been negated. 我们被剥夺了作为一个民族治理自己国家的历史权利。 来自辞典例句
  • Thus far we have negated frictional effects in the harmonic oscillator. 到现在为止,我们一直没有考虑谐和振荡器中的摩擦效应。 来自辞典例句
35 isolated bqmzTd     
adj.与世隔绝的
参考例句:
  • His bad behaviour was just an isolated incident. 他的不良行为只是个别事件。
  • Patients with the disease should be isolated. 这种病的患者应予以隔离。
36 uneven akwwb     
adj.不平坦的,不规则的,不均匀的
参考例句:
  • The sidewalk is very uneven—be careful where you walk.这人行道凹凸不平—走路时请小心。
  • The country was noted for its uneven distribution of land resources.这个国家以土地资源分布不均匀出名。
37 geographic tgsxb     
adj.地理学的,地理的
参考例句:
  • The city's success owes much to its geographic position. 这座城市的成功很大程度上归功于它的地理位置。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Environmental problems pay no heed to these geographic lines. 环境问题并不理会这些地理界限。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
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