What injuries most commonly affect athletes running cross country, at the middle school level, high school level and beyond?

初中、高中及更年长的越野跑参与者中，最常见的损伤有哪些？

 

Below is a list of some of the more common injuries seen in cross country runners of all ages. Note that this is a partial list.

以下是全年龄段越野跑参与者比较常见的损伤清单。请注意，这只是一份不完全列表。

 

Also note that in many cases, these bone and soft tissue injuries are more common in girls and women than in boys and men, due in part to the female athlete “triad” of calorie depletion¹, bone loss and hormonal² and menstrual changes. Women also have a larger angle between the hips³ and ankles. Women and girls are particularly susceptible⁴ to knee injuries (like meniscus tears and ACL tears) and stress fractures.

同样需要注意的是，这些骨损伤和软组织损伤在女孩和成年女性中比在男孩和成年男性中更加常见，部分是由于女性跑者的“三症候群”——热量消耗、骨质疏松及激素和月经变化。同时，女性的髋部与脚踝间角度更大，成年女性和年轻女孩都特别容易遭受膝关节损伤（比如半月板撕裂和前十字韧带撕裂）及应力性骨折。

 

•Stress fractures. 应力性骨折

•Shin splints (medial tibial stress syndrome⁵, or MTSS). 外胫夹（胫骨内侧压力症候群）

•Achilles tendonitis. 跟腱炎

•Plantar fasciitis. 足底筋膜炎

•Runner's knee (patellofemoral pain syndrome, or PFPS). 跑步膝（髌骨疼痛综合征）

•Muscle, ligament and tendon strains (calf, hamstring, quadriceps, gluteus). 肌肉、韧带、跟腱拉伤（小腿肚、腘绳肌腱、四头肌、臀肌）

•Dehydration and heat illness. 脱水和中暑

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