部分基因组可能是新蛋白质形成的关键_英语科普

部分基因组可能是新蛋白质形成的关键

文章来源：未知文章作者：enread 发布时间：2014-09-20 07:29 字体： [大中小]　进入论坛

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Researchers in Biomedical Informatics at IMIM (Hospital del Mar¹ Medical Research Institute) and at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) have recently published a study in eLife showing that RNA called non-coding (IncRNA) plays an important role in the evolution of new proteins, some of which could have important cell functions yet to be discovered. Ribosomes produce proteins from the instructions found in an RNA molecule². However, only 2% of the human genome is RNA containing information for the synthesis of proteins, meaning it is coding. Other parts of the genome that are transcribed³ could be "evolutionary⁴ noise," parts of the DNA⁵ that are copied to RNA randomly⁶ but with no concrete biological function. Now, a new sequencing technique has revealed that many of these transcripts⁷ (IncRNAs) may also translate into proteins, leading to an intense debate.

"We have confirmed that in all six species that were studied -human beings, mice, fish, flies, yeast⁸ and a plant- many of the IncRNAs were associated to ribosomes and seemed to be ready to translate RNA into proteins. This suggests that they could act as a repository for the synthesis of new proteins" explains Mar Albà, a professor at ICREA and the coordinator⁹ for the research group on Evolutionary Genomics at IMIM.

The study has found almost 2,500 IncRNAs that had not been studied, besides those identified previously¹⁰, and has shown that very few IncRNAs are in more than one species. This would suggest that they have evolved recently. This hypothesis is backed by the fact that the properties of the IncRNA molecules¹¹ show many similarities with the properties of "young" genes¹² that are known to produce proteins.

"The birth of a new functional¹³ protein is a trial and error process that probably requires the production of many transcripts that will not survive the test of time, and IncRNA seems to fit this role. The study of closely related species will allow us to better understand how new coding genes are formed and identify those that can be functional. It will also be interesting to study the link between the alteration¹⁴ of IncRNA expression patterns and certain diseases" concludes Mar Albà.

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收听单词发音

1 mar
vt.破坏，毁坏，弄糟
参考例句：
It was not the custom for elderly people to mar the picnics with their presence.大人们照例不参加这样的野餐以免扫兴。 Such a marriage might mar your career.这样的婚姻说不定会毁了你的一生。

2 molecule
n.分子，克分子
参考例句：
A molecule of water is made up of two atoms of hygrogen and one atom of oxygen.一个水分子是由P妈?f婘??妈?成的。 This gives us the structural formula of the molecule.这种方式给出了分子的结构式。

3 transcribed
（用不同的录音手段）转录( transcribe的过去式和过去分词 )；改编（乐曲）（以适应他种乐器或声部）；抄写；用音标标出（声音）
参考例句：
He transcribed two paragraphs from the book into his notebook. 他把书中的两段抄在笔记本上。 Every telephone conversation will be recorded and transcribed. 所有电话交谈都将被录音并作全文转写。

4 evolutionary
adj.进化的；演化的，演变的；[生]进化论的
参考例句：
Life has its own evolutionary process.生命有其自身的进化过程。 These are fascinating questions to be resolved by the evolutionary studies of plants.这些十分吸引人的问题将在研究植物进化过程中得以解决。

5 DNA
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
参考例句：
DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。 Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。

6 randomly
adv.随便地，未加计划地
参考例句：
Within the hot gas chamber, molecules are moving randomly in all directions. 在灼热的气体燃烧室内，分子在各个方向上作无规运动。来自辞典例句 Transformed cells are loosely attached, rounded and randomly oriented. 转化细胞则不大贴壁、圆缩并呈杂乱分布。来自辞典例句

7 transcripts
n.抄本（ transcript的名词复数）；转写本；文字本；副本
参考例句：
Like mRNA, both tRNA and rRNA are transcripts of chromosomal DNA. tRNA及rRNA同mRNA一样，都是染色体DNA的转录产物。来自辞典例句 You can't take the transfer students'exam without your transcripts. 没有成绩证明书，你就不能参加转学考试。来自辞典例句

8 yeast
n.酵母；酵母片；泡沫；v.发酵；起泡沫
参考例句：
Yeast can be used in making beer and bread.酵母可用于酿啤酒和发面包。 The yeast began to work.酵母开始发酵。

9 coordinator
n.协调人
参考例句：
The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, headed by the Emergency Relief Coordinator, coordinates all UN emergency relief. 联合国人道主义事务协调厅在紧急救济协调员领导下，负责协调联合国的所有紧急救济工作。 How am I supposed to find the client-relations coordinator? 我怎么才能找到客户关系协调员的办公室？

10 previously
adv.以前，先前（地）
参考例句：
The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。 Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

11 molecules
分子( molecule的名词复数 )
参考例句：
The structure of molecules can be seen under an electron microscope. 分子的结构可在电子显微镜下观察到。 Inside the reactor the large molecules are cracked into smaller molecules. 在反应堆里，大分子裂变为小分子。

12 genes
n.基因( gene的名词复数 )
参考例句：
You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因，所以能够活得很长。来自《简明英汉词典》 Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪

13 functional
adj.为实用而设计的，具备功能的，起作用的
参考例句：
The telephone was out of order,but is functional now.电话刚才坏了，但现在可以用了。 The furniture is not fancy,just functional.这些家具不是摆着好看的，只是为了实用。

14 alteration
n.变更，改变；蚀变
参考例句：
The shirt needs alteration.这件衬衣需要改一改。 He easily perceived there was an alteration in my countenance.他立刻看出我的脸色和往常有些不同。

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