Cranberries¹ are important agricultural commodities in states such as Massachusetts, Wisconsin, New Jersey², Washington, and Oregon. But cranberry³-growing operations are challenged by weeds, which compete for precious resources and often decrease fruit yields and revenues. Producers currently rely on weed management strategies such as flooding and sanding cranberry beds, hand-weeding, or applications of pre- and postemergence（苗期使用的） herbicides. Recent interest in reducing chemical inputs⁴ into cranberry growing systems has led researchers to evaluate alternative methods such as flame cultivation⁵ as a potential nonchemical weed control option. University of Massachusetts scientists Katherine Ghantous, Hilary Sandler, Wesley Autio, and Peter Jeranyama designed a study using flame cultivation techniques for weed control in cranberry crops. The results, published in the July 2013 issue of HortScience, showed promise for integrating the weed control technique into "certain situations," including organic farming. The team tested three types of handheld propane（丙烷） torches (one open flame and two styles of infrared⁶ torches) and varying exposure times on several species of perennial⁷ weeds. "We thought that flame cultivation would cause damage to cranberry plants and that damage would increase with increasing exposure duration and vary by flame cultivator tool used," noted⁸ Hillary Sandler, the study's corresponding author. Surprisingly, although the results showed minor⁹ response differences between the cranberry varieties tested, all varieties showed recovery from flame cultivation (FC) damage, irrespective of which tool was used or the duration of exposure.

 

"Our economic analysis showed that the time and cost of using an open flame torch for spot control of weeds was similar to that of the common practice of using a wick applicator to apply glyphosate to weeds," the researchers noted. "In addition to being as cost-effective as glyphosate wipes, the non-fatal response to flame control indicates that it will cause less damage to cranberry plants that are incidentally exposed during spot treatment of weeds than glyphosate（草甘膦）."

 

The experiments determined¹⁰ that flame cultivation could be integrated as a sustainable and economical approach for weed control in some situations. "This technology could be applicable for conventional production as well as organic production, and would ideally be used as a spot treatment for weeds growing in the cranberry-growing operations.

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