A clinical trial of an Alzheimer's disease treatment developed at MIT has found that the nutrient¹ cocktail² can improve memory in patients with early Alzheimer's. The results confirm and expand the findings of an earlier trial of the nutritional³ supplement, which is designed to promote new connections between brain cells. Alzheimer's patients gradually lose those connections, known as synapses⁴（突触） , leading to memory loss and other cognitive⁵ impairments. The supplement mixture, known as Souvenaid, appears to stimulate⁶ growth of new synapses, says Richard Wurtman, a professor emeritus⁷（退休的） of brain and cognitive sciences at MIT who invented the nutrient mixture.

"You want to improve the numbers of synapses, not by slowing their degradation⁸ -- though of course you'd love to do that too -- but rather by increasing the formation of the synapses," Wurtman says.

To do that, Wurtman came up with a mixture of three naturally occurring dietary compounds: choline, uridine and the omega-3 fatty acid DHA. Choline can be found in meats, nuts and eggs, and omega-3 fatty acids are found in a variety of sources, including fish, eggs, flaxseed and meat from grass-fed animals. Uridine is produced by the liver and kidney, and is present in some foods as a component⁹ of RNA.

These nutrients¹⁰ are precursors¹¹ to the lipid（脂质） molecules¹² that, along with specific proteins, make up brain-cell membranes¹³, which form synapses. To be effective, all three precursors must be administered together.

Results of the clinical trial, conducted in Europe, appear in the July 10 online edition of the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. The new findings are encouraging because very few clinical trials have produced consistent improvement in Alzheimer's patients, says Jeffrey Cummings, director of the Cleveland Clinic's Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health.

"Memory loss is the central characteristic of Alzheimer's, so something that improves memory would be of great interest," says Cummings, who was not part of the research team.

Plans for commercial release of the supplement are not finalized¹⁴, according to Nutricia, the company testing and marketing¹⁵ Souvenaid, but it will likely be available in Europe first. Nutricia is the specialized¹⁶ health care division of the food company Danone, known as Dannon in the United States.