The first purely¹ silicon² oxide³-based 'Resistive RAM⁴' memory chip that can operate in ambient（周围的） conditions -- opening up the possibility of new super-fast memory -- has been developed by researchers at UCL. Resistive RAM (or 'ReRAM') memory chips are based on materials, most often oxides of metals, whose electrical resistance changes when a voltage is applied⁵ -- and they "remember" this change even when the power is turned off.

ReRAM chips promise significantly greater memory storage than current technology, such as the Flash memory used on USB sticks, and require much less energy and space.

The UCL team have developed a novel structure composed of silicon oxide, described in a recent paper in the Journal of Applied Physics, which performs the switch in resistance much more efficiently⁶ than has been previously⁷ achieved. In their material, the arrangement of the silicon atoms changes to form filaments⁸（花丝，细丝） of silicon within the solid silicon oxide, which are less resistive. The presence or absence of these filaments represents a 'switch' from one state to another.

Unlike other silicon oxide chips currently in development, the UCL chip does not require a vacuum（真空） to work, and is therefore potentially cheaper and more durable⁹. The design also raises the possibility of transparent¹⁰ memory chips for use in touch screens and mobile devices.

The team have been backed by UCLB, UCL's technology transfer company, and have recently filed a patent on their device. Discussions are ongoing¹¹ with a number of leading semiconductor¹² companies.

Dr Tony Kenyon, UCL Electronic and Electrical Engineering, said: "Our ReRAM memory chips need just a thousandth of the energy and are around a hundred times faster than standard Flash memory chips. The fact that the device can operate in ambient conditions and has a continuously variable resistance opens up a huge range of potential applications.

"We are also working on making a quartz¹³ device with a view to developing transparent electronics."

For added flexibility¹⁴, the UCL devices can also be designed to have a continuously variable resistance that depends on the last voltage that was applied. This is an important property that allows the device to mimic¹⁵ how neurons in the brain function. Devices that operate in this way are sometimes known as 'memristors'.

This technology is currently of enormous interest, with the first practical memristor, based on titanium dioxide, demonstrated in just 2008. The development of a silicon oxide memristor（忆阻器） is a huge step forward because of the potential for its incorporation¹⁶ into silicon chips.