The heart's inner workings are mysterious, perhaps even more so with a new finding. Engineers at the University of Washington have discovered an electrical property in arteries¹ not seen before in mammalian tissues. The researchers found that the wall of the aorta²（主动脉） , the largest blood vessel³ carrying blood from the heart, exhibits ferroelectricity（铁电性） , a response to an electric field known to exist in inorganic⁴ and synthetic⁵ materials. The findings are being published in an upcoming issue of the journal Physical Review Letters.

"The result is exciting for scientific reasons," said lead author Jiangyu Li, a UW associate professor of mechanical engineering. "But it could also have biomedical implications." A ferroelectric material is an electrically polar molecule⁶ with one side positively⁷ charged and the other negatively charged, whose polarity can be reversed by applying an electrical field.

Ferroelectricity is common in synthetic materials and used for displays, memory storage, and sensors⁸. (Related research by Li and colleagues seeks to exploit ferroelectric materials for tiny low-power, high-capacity computer memory chips.)

In the new study, Li collaborated⁹ with co-author Katherine Zhang at Boston University to explore the phenomenon in biological tissues. The only previous evidence of ferroelectricity in living tissue was reported last year in seashells. Others had looked in mammal tissue, mainly in bones, but found no signs of the property.

The new study shows clear evidence of ferroelectricity in a sample of a pig aorta. Researchers believe the findings would also apply to human tissue.

In subsequent work, yet to be published, they divided the sample into fibrous（纤维的） collagen and springy（有弹力的） elastin and studied each one on its own. Pinpointing¹⁰ the source of the ferroelectricity may answer questions about how or whether it plays a role in the body. "The elastin network is what gives the artery¹¹ the mechanical property of elasticity¹², which of course is a very important function," Li said.

Ferroelectricity may therefore play a role in how the body responds to sugar or fat.

Diabetes¹³ is a risk factor for hardening of the arteries, or atherosclerosis, which can lead to heart attack or stroke. The team is investigating the interactions between ferroelectricity and charged glucose¹⁴ molecules¹⁵, in hopes of better understanding sugar's effect on the mechanical properties of the aortic¹⁶ walls.

Another possible application is to treat a condition in which cholesterol¹⁷ molecules stick to the inside of the channel, eventually closing it off.

"We can imagine if we could manipulate the polarity of the artery wall, if we could switch it one way or the other, then we might, for example, better understand the deposition¹⁸ of cholesterol which leads to the thickening and hardening of the artery wall," Li said. He cautions that medical applications are still speculations¹⁹, and require more research.

"A lot of questions remain to be answered, that's an exciting aspect of the result," Li said.

Co-authors are Yuanming Liu and Qian Nataly Chen at the UW, and Yanhang Zhang and Ming-Jay Chow at Boston University.

The research was funded by the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, the Army Research Office, the UW's Center for Nanotechnology and a NASA Space Technology Research Fellowship.