Ovarian cancer is a rare but often deadly disease that can strike at any time in a woman's life. It affects one in 70 women and in the past was referred to as a silent killer¹, but researchers have found there are symptoms associated with ovarian cancer that can assist in early detection. Experts at Northwestern Memorial say the best defense² is to make use of preventive methods, understand the risks and recognize potential warning signs of ovarian cancer. "Currently, there is no reliable screening test to identify early ovarian cancer. Women need to focus on good health habits, listen to their bodies and tell their doctor if a change occurs," said Diljeet Singh, MD, gynecological（妇科的） oncologist and co-director of the Ovarian Cancer Early Detection and Prevention Program at Northwestern Memorial Hospital.

Catching³ ovarian cancer early increases five-year survival odds⁴ from 30 percent to more than 90 percent. But the symptoms of ovarian cancer often mimic⁵ other less dangerous conditions making it difficult to recognize. Singh says women should be aware of possible early warning signs which include:
Bloating（鼓胀的）
Pelvic or abdominal⁶ pain
Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly
Urinary symptoms (urgency or frequency)
Increased abdominal size (pants getting tighter around waist)

Singh comments that the frequency and number of symptoms is important and women who experience a combination of these symptoms almost daily for two to three weeks should see their doctor.

Doctors say it is not clear what causes ovarian cancer but there are factors that increase the odds of developing the disease including carrying a mutation⁷ of the BRCA gene⁸, having a personal history of breast cancer or a family history of ovarian cancer, being over the age of 45 or if a woman is obese⁹. If a woman is high-risk, doctors recommend screening begin at age 20 to 25, or five to 10 years earlier than the youngest age of diagnosis¹⁰ in the family. In addition, there are genetic¹¹ tests available that can identify women who are at a substantially increased risk.

While ovarian cancer is difficult to detect, specialized¹² centers such as the Northwestern Ovarian Cancer Early Detection and Prevention Program, a collaborative effort between the hospital and the Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, have strategies for monitoring women at risk. Patients are monitored with physical examinations, ultrasound and blood tests every six months. "The goals of the program are to help women understand their personal risks and what they can do to decrease their risk, to help develop methods of early detection and prevention and to identify women who would benefit from preventive surgery," said Singh, also an associate professor at the department of obstetrics（产科学） and gynecology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine and member of the Lurie Cancer Center.