12小时轮班制护士工作中须努力保持清醒状态
文章来源:未知 文章作者:meng 发布时间:2010-06-09 00:28 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
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A small percentage of nurses struggle to remain vigilant1(警惕的,警戒的) during successive 12-hour shifts, according to a research abstract that will be presented Tuesday, June 8, 2010, in San Antonio, Texas, at SLEEP 2010, the 24th annual meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies LLC. Results indicate that lapses3 of attention(一时疏忽) among nurses working successive 12-hour shifts ranged from zero to 48 lapses per vigilance test. Although half of nurses committed no more than one lapse2, 10 percent of nurses had nine or more lapses during the testing period(测试周期) . Further analysis revealed that 39 percent of nurses had moderate lapses and seven percent had frequent lapses. Factors associated with lapses included sleep prior to shift, caffeine use and fatigue4(疲劳,疲乏) levels.

"There are a small percentage of nurses that appear to have impaired5(损害) ability to maintain vigilance(警惕,警觉) during a neurobehavioral(神经行为的) test," said principal investigator6 Jeanne Geiger-Brown, PhD, RN, associate professor at the University of Maryland School of Nursing in Baltimore, Md. "The primary role of the nurse is to maintain a vigilant presence and detect subtle(微妙的,敏感的) changes in patients' conditions in order to head off complications. Impaired vigilance can reduce their effectiveness."

The study also found that the average total sleep time between 12-hours shifts was only 5.5 hours. Night-shift nurses averaged only about 5.2 hours of sleep, and the quality of their sleep was extremely fragmented.

"We were surprised at the short duration of sleep that nurses achieve between 12-hour shifts," said Geiger-Brown. "Over 50 percent of shifts were longer than 12.5 hours, and with long commutes7 and family responsibilities, nurses have very little opportunity to rest between shifts."

The study involved 80 registered nurses who were working three successive 12-hour shifts, either day or night. Lapses and median reaction times were measured with the five-minute Palm Psychomotor Vigilance Test.

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine reports that shift work disorder8 occurs when complaints of insomnia9(失眠) or excessive sleepiness occur in relation to work hours that are scheduled during the usual sleep period. Total sleep time is typically curtailed10(简略,缩减) by one to four hours in night and early-morning shift workers, and sleep quality is perceived as unsatisfactory. Excessive sleepiness usually occurs during work shifts and often is accompanied by reduced alertness and impaired mental ability.

Geiger-Brown was the co-author of an article in the March issue of The Journal of Nursing Administration that proposed it may be time to end the practice of scheduling 12-hour nursing shifts. The authors reported that recent evidence of the safety risks involved with long work hours challenges the current scheduling paradigm11.



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1 vigilant ULez2     
adj.警觉的,警戒的,警惕的
参考例句:
  • He has to learn how to remain vigilant through these long nights.他得学会如何在这漫长的黑夜里保持警觉。
  • The dog kept a vigilant guard over the house.这只狗警醒地守护着这所房屋。
2 lapse t2lxL     
n.过失,流逝,失效,抛弃信仰,间隔;vi.堕落,停止,失效,流逝;vt.使失效
参考例句:
  • The incident was being seen as a serious security lapse.这一事故被看作是一次严重的安全疏忽。
  • I had a lapse of memory.我记错了。
3 lapses 43ecf1ab71734d38301e2287a6e458dc     
n.失误,过失( lapse的名词复数 );小毛病;行为失检;偏离正道v.退步( lapse的第三人称单数 );陷入;倒退;丧失
参考例句:
  • He sometimes lapses from good behavior. 他有时行为失检。 来自辞典例句
  • He could forgive attacks of nerves, panic, bad unexplainable actions, all sorts of lapses. 他可以宽恕突然发作的歇斯底里,惊慌失措,恶劣的莫名其妙的动作,各种各样的失误。 来自辞典例句
4 fatigue PhVzV     
n.疲劳,劳累
参考例句:
  • The old lady can't bear the fatigue of a long journey.这位老妇人不能忍受长途旅行的疲劳。
  • I have got over my weakness and fatigue.我已从虚弱和疲劳中恢复过来了。
5 impaired sqtzdr     
adj.受损的;出毛病的;有(身体或智力)缺陷的v.损害,削弱( impair的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Much reading has impaired his vision. 大量读书损害了他的视力。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • His hearing is somewhat impaired. 他的听觉已受到一定程度的损害。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
6 investigator zRQzo     
n.研究者,调查者,审查者
参考例句:
  • He was a special investigator for the FBI.他是联邦调查局的特别调查员。
  • The investigator was able to deduce the crime and find the criminal.调查者能够推出犯罪过程并锁定罪犯。
7 commutes 3547de72fa26e075391aeef6adf7f98a     
上下班路程( commute的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • She commutes from Oxford to London every day. 她每天上下班往返于牛津与伦敦之间。
  • Barbara lives in Oxford and commutes. 芭芭拉住在牛津,通勤往来。
8 disorder Et1x4     
n.紊乱,混乱;骚动,骚乱;疾病,失调
参考例句:
  • When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后,他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
  • It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。
9 insomnia EbFzK     
n.失眠,失眠症
参考例句:
  • Worries and tenseness can lead to insomnia.忧虑和紧张会导致失眠。
  • He is suffering from insomnia.他患失眠症。
10 curtailed 7746e1f810c323c484795ba1ce76a5e5     
v.截断,缩短( curtail的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Spending on books has been severely curtailed. 购书开支已被大大削减。
  • Their public health programme had to be severely curtailed. 他们的公共卫生计划不得不大大收缩。 来自《简明英汉词典》
11 paradigm c48zJ     
n.例子,模范,词形变化表
参考例句:
  • He had become the paradigm of the successful man. 他已经成为成功人士的典范。
  • Moreover,the results of this research can be the new learning paradigm for digital design studios.除此之外,本研究的研究成果也可以为数位设计课程建立一个新的学习范例。
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