饥饿感为何会无穷无尽
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2022-03-22 02:28 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
饥饿是一种很强烈的生理感受,我们的身体很难忽视它。你是否经常刚吃完不久就饿了,越吃越多,根本停不下来?你知道饥饿感为何如此无穷无尽吗?
 
Hunger is complicated and can have many different triggers, said Dr. Monique Tello, a clinical instructor1 at Harvard Medical School, practicing physician and director of research and academic affairs for the healthy lifestyle program at Massachusetts General Hospital.
哈佛医学院临床讲师、执业医师、马萨诸塞州总医院健康生活方式项目研究和学术事务主任莫妮克·泰洛博士说,饥饿感的产生很复杂,可能有许多不同的诱因。
 
Medical reasons:
健康因素:
 
First, it's important to rule out any medical issues. Anybody who is feeling very hungry all of the time and isn't able to gain weight or is losing weight should see a doctor, Tello said.
首先,排除健康问题,这点很重要。泰洛说,如果一直感到非常饥饿,体重未增加或正在减轻,就应该去看医生。
 
Conditions that could cause constant or excessive hunger, also called polyphagia, include:
可能导致持续或过度饥饿的情况(也称为多食症)包括:
 
Hyperthyroidism: When the thyroid is overactive, a person's body and metabolism2 are "all revved3 up," Tello noted4. Besides being hungry, patients feel jittery5, shaky and their heart may be racing6.
甲状腺功能亢进症:泰洛指出,当甲状腺过度活跃时,人体新陈代谢“加速”。除了饥饿,患者还会感到焦虑、颤抖,心跳可能会加快。
 
Diabetes7: People with type 1 diabetes lose the ability to make insulin so their body can't process sugar. "They're usually telling me: I'm eating and eating, I'm losing weight and I feel terrible," Tello said.
糖尿病:1型糖尿病患者缺乏合成胰岛素的能力,因此身体无法分解糖分。泰洛表示,“很多患者告诉我,他们不停地吃东西,但是却在掉秤,感觉很糟糕”。
 
Damage to the hypothalamus: This part of the brain helps regulate feelings of appetite and satiety8. If it's damaged because of a tumor9 or head trauma10, it can cause uncontrollable hunger and hypothalamic obesity11.
下丘脑损伤:下丘脑帮助调节食欲和产生饱腹感。如果下丘脑因肿瘤或头部创伤而受损,可能会导致无法控制的饥饿感和下丘脑性肥胖。
 
Psychological reasons:
心理因素:
 
If there isn't an underlying12 medical issue, the problem could be in the head.
如果没有生理问题,那么问题可能出在心理上。
 
It's reasonable to be hungry every three to five hours given how the human digestive system works. But ever-present food marketing13 on TV and the constant stream of "food porn" on social media can trigger people to eat often and a lot.
考虑到人体消化系统的工作机制,每三到五个小时饿一次是合理的。但电视上不断出现的食品广告和社交媒体上的美食诱惑会促使人们经常大快朵颐。
 
There are also deeply ingrained cultural triggers, like the idea of eating three meals a day plus snacks, Tello said. She hates the "myth of breakfast" — or the notion people have to eat as soon as they wake up.
泰洛说,还有根深蒂固的文化诱因,比如一日三餐加零食的观点。她讨厌“神化早餐的重要性”——或者一起床就必须吃东西的观念。
 
"I tell patients, 'The more you eat, the more you want to eat,'" Tello said.
泰洛说:“我告诉病人,‘你吃得越多,你就越想吃'。”
 
"The more people eat, the larger the stomach gets. The stomach can stretch to accommodate large amounts of food — it's a distensible14 organ. Then if it's empty, it signals hunger. Well, if you've got a huge stomach from eating so much so often, the minute your stomach is empty, it's signaling you to eat and you're going to eat more."
“人吃得越多,胃就越大。胃可以扩张以容纳大量的食物——这是一个可膨胀的器官。如果胃是空的,就会释放饥饿信号。如果你经常吃得太多,胃就会变大,那么你的胃一空,它就提醒你要吃东西,你会吃得更多。”
 
A person's state of mind can play a role, too. Stress can increase levels of ghrelin, research has shown, and being sleep deprived is associated with higher levels of the hunger hormone15.
心态也会起作用。研究表明,压力会增加饥饿激素的水平,睡眠不足与饥饿激素水平升高有关。
 
Boredom16, anxiety and depression can also send people looking into the refrigerator when they're not truly hungry.
无聊、焦虑和抑郁也会让人在不太饿的时候想吃东西。
 
Lifestyle reasons:
生活方式因素:
 
Sometimes the best answer to the question "Why am I always hungry?" is the simplest one: You're eating too little, exercising too much, or both.
有时候,对于“为什么我总是饿着肚子”这个问题,最简单的最佳答案是:你吃得太少,运动太多,或者两者兼而有之。
 
Solutions:
解决对策:
 
Don't make yourself hungrier than you need to be: Limit your exposure to TV and social media. Try to watch your favorite shows without being exposed to advertising17, Tello said.
不要让自己产生没有必要的饥饿感:少看电视和社交媒体上的美食。泰洛说,试着跳过广告观看你最喜欢的节目。
 
Get honest: Ask yourself, "Am I really hungry? Or am I bored?" Remove yourself from any food temptations if it's the latter.
老实说:问问自己,“我真的饿了吗?还是我很无聊?”如果你只无聊得想吃东西,那就要远离食物的诱惑。
 
Consider intermittent18 fasting: It can reconnect you with true, biological hunger; make it easier to recognize feeling full.
考虑间歇性禁食:这样可以让你重拾真实的生理饥饿感;更容易识别饱腹感。
 
Feel fuller by adjusting the quality of your diet: Avoid processed carbohydrates19 and sugars found in foods like white bread, baked goods and cereal. Aim for a satiating diet higher in fiber20, protein and healthy fats, Tello advised. Such choices will keep you more satisfied, longer.
通过调整饮食质量让自己更饱:避免白面包、烘焙食品和谷类食品中的精制碳水和糖。泰洛建议,饮食应以富含纤维、蛋白质和健康脂肪的饱腹饮食为主。这样的选择会让你更容易产生饱腹感、饿得更慢。
 
Watch your alcohol intake21: Alcohol lowers a person's inhibitions and self-discipline, which can make you eat more.
注意酒精摄入量:酒精会降低一个人的抑制力和自律性,这会让你吃得更多。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 instructor D6GxY     
n.指导者,教员,教练
参考例句:
  • The college jumped him from instructor to full professor.大学突然把他从讲师提升为正教授。
  • The skiing instructor was a tall,sunburnt man.滑雪教练是一个高高个子晒得黑黑的男子。
2 metabolism 171zC     
n.新陈代谢
参考例句:
  • After years of dieting,Carol's metabolism was completely out of whack.经过数年的节食,卡罗尔的新陈代谢完全紊乱了。
  • All living matter undergoes a process of metabolism.生物都有新陈代谢。
3 revved a5e14af176543ac9ad2bb089d5b9f39f     
v.(使)加速( rev的过去式和过去分词 );(数量、活动等)激增;(使发动机)快速旋转;(使)活跃起来
参考例句:
  • The taxi driver revved up his engine. 出租车司机把发动机发动起来。
  • The car revved up and roared away. 汽车发动起来,然后轰鸣着开走了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
4 noted 5n4zXc     
adj.著名的,知名的
参考例句:
  • The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
  • Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。
5 jittery jittery     
adj. 神经过敏的, 战战兢兢的
参考例句:
  • However, nothing happened though he continued to feel jittery. 可是,自从拉上这辆车,并没有出什么错儿,虽然他心中嘀嘀咕咕的不安。 来自汉英文学 - 骆驼祥子
  • The thirty-six Enterprise divebombers were being squandered in a jittery shot from the hip. 这三十六架“企业号”上的俯冲轰炸机正被孤注一掷。
6 racing 1ksz3w     
n.竞赛,赛马;adj.竞赛用的,赛马用的
参考例句:
  • I was watching the racing on television last night.昨晚我在电视上看赛马。
  • The two racing drivers fenced for a chance to gain the lead.两个赛车手伺机竞相领先。
7 diabetes uPnzu     
n.糖尿病
参考例句:
  • In case of diabetes, physicians advise against the use of sugar.对于糖尿病患者,医生告诫他们不要吃糖。
  • Diabetes is caused by a fault in the insulin production of the body.糖尿病是由体內胰岛素分泌失调引起的。
8 satiety hY5xP     
n.饱和;(市场的)充分供应
参考例句:
  • There is no satiety in study.学无止境。
  • Their presence in foods induces satiety at meal time.它们在食物中的存在诱导进餐时的满足感。
9 tumor fKxzm     
n.(肿)瘤,肿块(英)tumour
参考例句:
  • He was died of a malignant tumor.他死于恶性肿瘤。
  • The surgeons irradiated the tumor.外科医生用X射线照射那个肿瘤。
10 trauma TJIzJ     
n.外伤,精神创伤
参考例句:
  • Counselling is helping him work through this trauma.心理辅导正帮助他面对痛苦。
  • The phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.恐惧症可能源于童年时期的创伤。
11 obesity Dv1ya     
n.肥胖,肥大
参考例句:
  • One effect of overeating may be obesity.吃得过多能导致肥胖。
  • Sugar and fat can more easily lead to obesity than some other foods.糖和脂肪比其他食物更容易导致肥胖。
12 underlying 5fyz8c     
adj.在下面的,含蓄的,潜在的
参考例句:
  • The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
  • This word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。
13 marketing Boez7e     
n.行销,在市场的买卖,买东西
参考例句:
  • They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
  • He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。
14 distensible e5d685ca4f8b8af533ad2ba14b8fa1c2     
adj.扩大的,胀的,可扩张的
参考例句:
  • The stomach is a distensible organ. 胃是一个可扩张的器官。 来自互联网
  • But with intolerance, it makes more consumers indigestion, distensible abdomen and so on after drinking milk. 但是由于乳糖不耐症的存在,使较多消费者饮用牛奶后会出现消化不良、腹胀等现象。 来自互联网
15 hormone uyky3     
n.荷尔蒙,激素,内分泌
参考例句:
  • Hormone implants are used as growth boosters.激素植入物被用作生长辅助剂。
  • This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body.这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。
16 boredom ynByy     
n.厌烦,厌倦,乏味,无聊
参考例句:
  • Unemployment can drive you mad with boredom.失业会让你无聊得发疯。
  • A walkman can relieve the boredom of running.跑步时带着随身听就不那么乏味了。
17 advertising 1zjzi3     
n.广告业;广告活动 a.广告的;广告业务的
参考例句:
  • Can you give me any advice on getting into advertising? 你能指点我如何涉足广告业吗?
  • The advertising campaign is aimed primarily at young people. 这个广告宣传运动主要是针对年轻人的。
18 intermittent ebCzV     
adj.间歇的,断断续续的
参考例句:
  • Did you hear the intermittent sound outside?你听见外面时断时续的声音了吗?
  • In the daytime intermittent rains freshened all the earth.白天里,时断时续地下着雨,使整个大地都生气勃勃了。
19 carbohydrates 001f0186d1ea717492c413ca718f2635     
n.碳水化合物,糖类( carbohydrate的名词复数 );淀粉质或糖类食物
参考例句:
  • The plant uses the carbohydrates to make cellulose. 植物用碳水化合物制造纤维素。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • All carbohydrates originate from plants. 所有的碳水化合物均来自植物。 来自辞典例句
20 fiber NzAye     
n.纤维,纤维质
参考例句:
  • The basic structural unit of yarn is the fiber.纤维是纱的基本结构单元。
  • The material must be free of fiber clumps.这种材料必须无纤维块。
21 intake 44cyQ     
n.吸入,纳入;进气口,入口
参考例句:
  • Reduce your salt intake.减少盐的摄入量。
  • There was a horrified intake of breath from every child.所有的孩子都害怕地倒抽了一口凉气。
TAG标签: People hunger medical
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