自考英语语法复习资料 二
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

  (3)宾语从句

  1. 定义:用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

  2. 构成:关联词+简单句

  3. 引导宾语从句的关联词有三类:

  (1)从属连词that.如:

  He told us that he felt ill. 他对我们说他感到不舒服。

  I know he has returned. 我知道他已经回来了。

  注:that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下,that不能省略。

  1. Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.(and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and的后面时,that不能省略)

  大家都会看出所发生的事情并知道Tom非常害怕。

  2.I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.(that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时,that不能省略)

  对他我一无所知,只知道他是南方人。

  3.That he ever said such a thing I simply don't believe. (that从句位于句首时,that不可省略。)

  我简直不相信他曾说过这样的话。

  4. We decided1, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary2 period. (主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语,that不可省略。)

  鉴于他的特殊情况,我们决定应允他一段试用期。

  (2)从属连词if/whether.如:

  I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。

  I don't know if you can help me. 我不知道你能否帮助我。

  (3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

  连接副词 where, when, how, why.

  如:

  Who or what he was, Martin never learned3.

  他是什么人?他是干什么的?马丁根本不知道。

  I wonder what he's writing to me about. 我不知道他要给我写信说什么事。

  I'll tell you why I asked you to come. 我会告诉你我为什么要你来。

  You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。

  (1)介词宾语从句

  宾语从句也可用作介词的宾语。如:

  He was deeply displeased4 by what had occurred that day.

  他对那天发生的事感到很不快。

  I walked over to where she sat. 我走向她坐的地方。

  I am curious as to what he will say. 我很想知道他要说什么。

  Your success will largely5 depend upon what you do and how you do it.

  你是否成功将主要取决于你做什么和怎样做。

  有时介词可以省略。如:

  I don't care (for) who marries him. 我不管谁跟他结婚。

  Be careful (as to) how you do that. 你要注意做这件事的方式。

  解释:

  1.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。如:

  We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.

  我们认为小王昨天没来是奇怪的。

  He has made it clear that he will not give in.

  他已表明他不会屈服。

  2.作介词的宾语:连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在except, but, in后。其他一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步,作形式宾语。如:

  He is a good student except that he is careless.

  他是一个好学生,只是有点粗心。

  You may rely on it that I shall help you. 你可以指望我会帮助你的。

  介词宾语不可以用which来引导,而要用what来引导。如:

  Are you sorry for what you've done?

  你为你所做的一切感到内疚吗?

  3.某些形容词或过去分词后常接宾语从句,这类形容词或过去分词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等,连词that可省略。如:

  I am not sure what I ought to do.

  我不能确定我该做什么。

  I'm afraid you don,t understand what I said.

  恐怕你没领会我说的意思。

  I'm surprised that I didn,t see all that before.

  我好奇怪,我以前没看到过。

  Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams.

  妈妈为她的女儿通过了考试而感到高兴。

  4.连词whether (…or not)或if引导的宾语从句

  if和whether引导的宾语从句可以互换使用,但whether常和or not连用,if一般不与or not连用。如:

  I wonder whether it is true or not. 我不知它是真是假。

  用if引导宾语从句如果会引起歧义,应避免使用if而用wheter.试比较:

  Please let me know if you want to go.

  Please let me know whether you want to go.

  if从句可理解为宾语从句,意为“请告诉我你是否想去”;此句又可理解为条件状语从句意为“如果你想去的话,请告诉我一声”。

  5.宾语从句的否定转移。在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词后的宾语从句,有时谓语尽管是否定意思,却不用否定形式,而将think等动词变为否定形式。如:

  I don't think you are right. 我认为你错了。

  I don't believe they have finished their work yet. 我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。

  I don't suppose he cares, does he? 我想他不在意,是吗?

  6. 宾语从句的时态变化规律:

  (1)当主句是一般现在时态时,从句可根据需要用任何时态。

  (2)当主句是一般过去时态时,从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。如:

  The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

  老师说地球绕着太阳运行。



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
2 probationary 4f480e69f8bdba233b8119c6b582573c     
试用的,缓刑的
参考例句:
  • After a six-month probationary period, she was confirmed in her post. 经过六个月的试用期之后,她获准正式任该职。
  • After a three-month probationary period, she was confirmed in her post. 经过三个月的试用期后,她获准正式任职。
3 learned m1oxn     
adj.有学问的,博学的;learn的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • He went into a rage when he learned about it.他听到这事后勃然大怒。
  • In this little village,he passed for a learned man.在这个小村子里,他被视为有学问的人。
4 displeased 1uFz5L     
a.不快的
参考例句:
  • The old man was displeased and darted an angry look at me. 老人不高兴了,瞪了我一眼。
  • He was displeased about the whole affair. 他对整个事情感到很不高兴。
5 largely 72SxM     
adv.大部分,主要地
参考例句:
  • It is largely dependent on the weather.这多半取决于天气情况。
  • Their conclusions were largely founded on guesswork.他们的结论大部份基于猜测。
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