Part Ⅳ Short Answer Questions（15 minutes）

Direction： In this part there is a short passage with 8 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Write your answers in the spaces provided on the right of the page.

What are the marks of an educated man?

The first of these is correctness and precision in the use of the mother tongue. When one hears English well spoken, with pure diction, correct pronunciation, and an almost unconscious choice of the right word,  at once. How much easier he finds it to imitate English of the other sort!

A second and indispensable trait of the educated man is refined and gentle manners, which are themselves the expression of fixed¹ habits of thought and action. When manners are superficial, artificial, and forced, no matter what their form, they are bad manners. When, however, they are the natural expression of fixed habits of thought and action, and when they reveal a refined and cultivated nature, they are good manners. There are certain things that gentlemen do not do, and they do not do them simply because they are bad manners. The gentleman instinctively² knows the difference between those things which he may and should do and those things which he may not and should not do.
A third trait of the educated man is the power and habit of reflection. Human beings for the most part live wholly on the surface or far beyond the present moment and that part of the future which is quickly to follow it. They do not read those works of prose and poetry which have become classic because they reveal power and habit of reflection and induce that power and habit in others. When one reflects long enough to ask the question how, he is on the way to knowing something about science. When he reflects long enough to ask the question why, he may, if he persists, even become a philosopher.

A fourth trait of the educated man is the power of growth. He continues to grow and develop from birth to his dying day. His interests expand, his , his knowledge increases, and his reflection becomes deeper and wider. It would appear to be true that not many human beings, even those who have had a school and college education, continue to grow after they are twenty-four or twenty-five years of age. By that time it is usual to settle down to life on a level of more or less contented³ intellectual interest and activity. The whole present-day movement for adult education is a systematic⁴ and definite attempt to keep human beings growing long after they have left school and college, and, therefore, to help educate them.

A fifth trait of the educated man is his possession of efficiency, or the power to do. The mere⁵ visionary dreamer, however charming or however wise, lacks something which an education requires. The power to do may be exercised in any one of a thousand ways, but when it clearly shows itself, that is evidence that the period of discipline of study and of companionship with parents and teachers has not been in vain.

S1. An educated man should use his S1 correctly and precisely⁶.
S2. According to the author, manners are the natural expression of S2 .
S3. The educated man know the difference between S3（1）and S3（2）.
S4. Most human beings live a S4 life or far beyond the present and the near future.
S5. The author says that when a person persists in reflecting so as to ask the question how, he may at last become a S5 .
S6. What is the aim of present-day adult education?
S7. According to the author, the mere visionary dreamer lacks S7 .
S8. What is the main topic of the passage?

译文：什么才是一位有修养者的标志？
第一特征是运用母语的正确性和精确性。当一个人听到说得很好的英语，其措辞完美、发音准确，恰如其分的词语脱口而出，他马上就会识别出好坏并发现模仿另一种英语是多么容易！
第二个也是不可或缺的特征是文雅优美的举止。这些举止本身就是思想和行为的固定习惯的表现。当举止浅薄、造作和勉强时，不管以何种形式出现，都是粗俗的举止。然而当它们是思想和行为的固定习惯的自然流露时，当它们显示出一种优雅的有教养的性格时，它们是优雅的举止。有些事情绅士不会做，他们不做只是因为那是粗俗的举止。绅士本能地知道他可做和该做的事情与他不可做和不该做的事情之间的区别。
第三个特征是思考的习惯和能力。绝大多数人完全生活在生活的表面或者远离目前和近期的未来。他们不读古典散文、诗歌作品。这些作品之所以成为古典作品是因为它们显示思考的习惯和能力并使别人具有那种习惯和能力。当一个人思考到能问出“如何”这个问题时，他已在通往懂得一点科学的路上。当他思考到能问出“为什么”时，如果他坚持不懈的话，他可以成为一名哲学家。
第四个特征是成长的能力。有修养者从出生到临终都在不断地成长发展，他的兴趣不断扩展，思想变得深邃宽广。但事实总是这样：很少有人，即使那些受过学校或大学教育的人，在他们24或25岁之后会继续发展。到那时，他们在理性方面的兴趣和活动会或多或少地满足于当时的水平而定型下来。整个成人教育的当代运动是，让人们离开中学和大学之后继续发展的系统而明确的一个尝试，同时也是帮助教育人们的一种尝试。
第五个特征是效率或办事能力。纯粹的富于梦想的空想家，不管多么迷人或多么聪明，都缺少教育所要求的东西。办事能力是可以以任何方式获得的，但当这种能力清晰明白地自我表现时，就足以证明，与父母老师相处时的学习和训练还没有白费。

答案：S1. mother tongue / native language S2. fixed habits of thoughts and action
S3(1). good manners或what he may and should do
S3(2). bad manners或what he may not and should not do
S4. superficialS5. scientist
S6. To keep a person growing throughout his life.
S7. efficiency / the power to doS8. The marks of an educated