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    We delve1 back to arrive at a probable answer. A line of ancient peoples (Sumerians, Akkadians, and Babylonians) who lived in Mesopotamia (now southern Iraq) invented writing, observed the skies, and invented a 360-degree circle to describe their findings. About 3000 BC, the Sumerians invented writing. They also had a calendar, dating from 2400 BC, that divided the year into 12 months of 30 days each, that is, 360 days.

    The Sumerians watched the Sun, Moon, and the five visible planets (Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn), primarily for omens2£¨Ô¤Õ×£©. They did not try to understand the motions physically3. They did, however, notice the circular track of the Sun's annual path across the sky and knew that it took about 360 days to complete one year's circuit. Consequently, they divided the circular path into 360 degrees to track each day's passage of the Sun's whole journey. This probably happened about 2400 BC.

    That's how we got a 360 degree circle. Around 1500 BC, Egyptians divided the day into 24 hours, though the hours varied4 with the seasons originally. Greek astronomers5 made the hours equal. About 300 to 100 BC, the Babylonians subdivided6 the hour into base-60 fractions: 60 minutes in an hour and 60 seconds in a minute. The base 60 of their number system lives on in our time and angle divisions. 



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  • We need to delve more deeply into these questions.ÕâЩÊÇÎÒÃÇÏë½øÒ»²½Á˽âµÄ¡£
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  • Such omens betide no good. ÕâÖÖÕ÷Õ×ԤʾÇé¿ö²»Ãî¡£ À´×ԴǵäÀý¾ä
3 physically iNix5     
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  • Astronomers used to ask why only Saturn has rings. ÌìÎÄѧ¼ÒÃǹýÈ¥Ò»Ö±¸Ðµ½Ææ¹Ö£¬ÎªÊ²Ã´Ö»ÓÐÍÁÐÇÓй⻷¡£ À´×Ô¡¶¼òÃ÷Ó¢ºº´Êµä¡·
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  • This part of geologic calendar has not been satisfactorily subdivided. Õⲿ·ÖµØÖÊÄê´ú±í»¹Ã»ÓÐÁîÈËÂúÒâµØÔÙϸ·Ö³öÀ´¡£
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