英文法律词典 T-56_法律英语

英文法律词典 T-56

文章来源：文章作者：发布时间：2008-03-26 06:15 字体： [大中小]　进入论坛

(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

TRUTH. The actual state of things.

2. In contracts, the parties are bound to toll¹ the truth in their dealings, and a deviation² from it will generally avoid the contract; Newl. on Contr. 352-3; 2 Burr. 1011; 3 Campb. 285; and even concealment³, or suppressio veri, will be considered fraudulent in the contract of insurance. 1 Marsh⁴. on Ins. 464; Peake's N. P. C. 115; 3 Campb. 154, 506.

3. In giving his testimony⁵, a witness is required to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth; for the object in the examination of matters of fact, is to ascertain⁶ truth.

4. When a defendant⁷ is sued civilly for slander⁸ or a libel, he may justify⁹ by giving the truth in evidence; but when a criminal prosecution¹⁰ is instituted by the commonwealth¹¹ for a libel, he cannot generally justify by giving the truth in evidence.

5. The constitutions of several of the United States have made special provisions in favor of giving the truth in evidence in prosecutions¹² for libels, under particular circumstances. In the constitutions of Pennsylvania, Delaware, Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, it is declared, that in publications for libels on men in respect to their public official conduct, the truth may be given in evidence, when the matter published was proper for public information. The constitution of New York declares, that in all prosecutions or indictments¹³ for libels, the truth may be given in evidence to the jury; and if it shall appear to the jury that the matter charged as libelous¹⁴, is true, and was published with good motives¹⁵ and for justifiable¹⁶ ends, the party shall be acquitted¹⁷. By constitutional provision in Mississippi and Missouri, and by legislative¹⁸ enactment¹⁹ in New Jersey²⁰, Arkansas, Tennessee, Act of 1805, c. 6: and Vermont, Rev²¹. Stat. tit. 11, c. 25, s. 68; the right to give the truth in evidence has been more extended; it applies to all prosecutions or indictments for libels, without any qualifications annexed²² in restraint of the privilege. Cooke on Def. 61.

TUB, measures. In mercantile law, a tub is a measure containing sixty pounds weight of tea; and from fifty-six to eighty-six pounds of camphor. Jacob's Law Dict. h. t.

TUB-MAN, Eng. law. A barrister who has a pre-audience in the Exchequer²³, and also one who has a particular place in court, is so called.

TUMBREL, punishment. A species of cart; according to Lord Coke, a dung-cart.

2. This instrument, like the pillory²⁴, was used as a means of exposure; and according to some authorities, it seems to have been synonymous with the trebucket or ducking stool. 1 Chit. Cr. Law, 797; 3 Inst. 219; 12 Serg. & Rawle, 220. Vide Com. Dig. h. t.; Burn's Just. Pillory and Tumbrel.

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1 toll
n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟)
参考例句：
The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。 The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。

2 deviation
n.背离，偏离；偏差，偏向；离题
参考例句：
Deviation from this rule are very rare.很少有违反这条规则的。 Any deviation from the party's faith is seen as betrayal.任何对党的信仰的偏离被视作背叛。

3 concealment
n.隐藏, 掩盖，隐瞒
参考例句：
the concealment of crime 对罪行的隐瞒 Stay in concealment until the danger has passed. 把自己藏起来，待危险过去后再出来。

4 marsh
n.沼泽，湿地
参考例句：
There are a lot of frogs in the marsh.沼泽里有许多青蛙。 I made my way slowly out of the marsh.我缓慢地走出这片沼泽地。

5 testimony
n.证词；见证，证明
参考例句：
The testimony given by him is dubious.他所作的证据是可疑的。 He was called in to bear testimony to what the police officer said.他被传入为警官所说的话作证。

6 ascertain
vt.发现，确定，查明，弄清
参考例句：
It's difficult to ascertain the coal deposits.煤储量很难探明。 We must ascertain the responsibility in light of different situtations.我们必须根据不同情况判定责任。

7 defendant
n.被告；adj.处于被告地位的
参考例句：
The judge rejected a bribe from the defendant's family.法官拒收被告家属的贿赂。 The defendant was borne down by the weight of evidence.有力的证据使被告认输了。

8 slander
n./v.诽谤，污蔑
参考例句：
The article is a slander on ordinary working people.那篇文章是对普通劳动大众的诋毁。 He threatened to go public with the slander.他威胁要把丑闻宣扬出去。

9 justify
vt.证明…正当(或有理)，为…辩护
参考例句：
He tried to justify his absence with lame excuses.他想用站不住脚的借口为自己的缺席辩解。 Can you justify your rude behavior to me?你能向我证明你的粗野行为是有道理的吗？

10 prosecution
n.起诉，告发，检举，执行，经营
参考例句：
The Smiths brought a prosecution against the organizers.史密斯家对组织者们提出起诉。 He attempts to rebut the assertion made by the prosecution witness.他试图反驳原告方证人所作的断言。

11 commonwealth
n.共和国，联邦，共同体
参考例句：
He is the chairman of the commonwealth of artists.他是艺术家协会的主席。 Most of the members of the Commonwealth are nonwhite.英联邦的许多成员国不是白人国家。

12 prosecutions
起诉( prosecution的名词复数 )；原告；实施；从事
参考例句：
It is the duty of the Attorney-General to institute prosecutions. 检察总长负责提起公诉。 Since World War II, the government has been active in its antitrust prosecutions. 第二次世界大战以来，政府积极地进行着反对托拉斯的检举活动。来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件

13 indictments
n.（制度、社会等的）衰败迹象( indictment的名词复数 )；刑事起诉书；公诉书；控告
参考例句：
A New York jury brought criminal indictments against the founder of the organization. 纽约的一个陪审团对这个组织的创始人提起了多项刑事诉讼。来自《简明英汉词典》 These two indictments are self-evident and require no elaboration. 这两条意义自明，无须多说。来自互联网

14 libelous
adj.败坏名誉的，诽谤性的
参考例句：
No evidence has been found in the case so far and therefore it is probably a libelous suit.查无实据，恐怕是诬告。 The book was libelous,so the publishers had to call in all copies of it from the bookshops.这是一本诽谤性的书，所以出版商必须把店里的书全收回去。

15 motives
n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 )
参考例句：
to impeach sb's motives 怀疑某人的动机 His motives are unclear. 他的用意不明。

16 justifiable
adj.有理由的，无可非议的
参考例句：
What he has done is hardly justifiable.他的所作所为说不过去。 Justifiable defense is the act being exempted from crimes.正当防卫不属于犯罪行为。

17 acquitted
宣判…无罪( acquit的过去式和过去分词 )；使（自己）作出某种表现
参考例句：
The jury acquitted him of murder. 陪审团裁决他谋杀罪不成立。 Five months ago she was acquitted on a shoplifting charge. 五个月前她被宣判未犯入店行窃罪。

18 legislative
n.立法机构，立法权；adj.立法的，有立法权的
参考例句：
Congress is the legislative branch of the U.S. government.国会是美国政府的立法部门。 Today's hearing was just the first step in the legislative process.今天的听证会只是展开立法程序的第一步。

19 enactment
n.演出，担任…角色；制订，通过
参考例句：
Enactment refers to action.演出指行为的表演。 We support the call for the enactment of a Bill of Rights.我们支持要求通过《权利法案》的呼声。

20 jersey
n.运动衫
参考例句：
He wears a cotton jersey when he plays football.他穿运动衫踢足球。 They were dressed alike in blue jersey and knickers.他们穿着一致，都是蓝色的运动衫和灯笼短裤。

21 rev
v.发动机旋转，加快速度
参考例句：
It's his job to rev up the audience before the show starts.他要负责在表演开始前鼓动观众的热情。 Don't rev the engine so hard.别让发动机转得太快。

22 annexed
[法] 附加的，附属的
参考例句：
Germany annexed Austria in 1938. 1938年德国吞并了奥地利。 The outlying villages were formally annexed by the town last year. 那些偏远的村庄于去年正式被并入该镇。

23 exchequer
n.财政部；国库
参考例句：
In Britain the Chancellor of the Exchequer deals with taxes and government spending.英国的财政大臣负责税务和政府的开支。 This resulted in a considerable loss to the exchequer.这使国库遭受了重大损失。

24 pillory
n.嘲弄；v.使受公众嘲笑；将…示众
参考例句：
A man has been forced to resign as a result of being pilloried by some of the press.一人因为受到一些媒体的抨击已被迫辞职。 He was pilloried,but she escaped without blemish.他受到公众的批评，她却名声未损地得以逃脱。

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