3.on+名词构成的词组：on表示处于某种状态或在某个方位：on board乘（车,飞机）, on call听候召唤, on duty值班, on earth到底, on fire着火, on foot步行，on guard在岗，on hire雇用，on holiday度假，on leave休假，on one’s knees跪下, on one’s way在…的路上,on purpose故意, on sale待售，on shore在岸上, on time准时, on the move行动, on the other hand另一方面, on the spot当场, on the tip of one’s tongue快要说出口, on top of在…的顶部，on watch值班。

九、TO

1.动词+to

a)动词+ to。介词to意为“达到，指向”等：adjust to适应, attend to处理；照料, agree to赞同, amount to加起来达…，belong to属于, come to达到, drink to为…干杯，get to到达, happen to发生在某人身上, hold to紧握, lead to通向, listen to听, occur to想起, object to反对, point to指向, respond to回答, refer to参考；指的是…；涉及, reply to回答, see to负责, stick to坚持, turn to求助, write to给某人写信。例如：

She must learn to adjust herself to English life. 她必须学会适应英国的生活。

Business has to be attended to. 有事要办。

An idea occurred to me. 我想出一个办法。

b)动词(+sth.)+to+sb.。下列动词不能直接带间接宾语sb.，要接间接宾语时须在动词后加介词to：announce to通知某人, describe to向某人描述, explain to向某人解释, express to对某人表达, mention to提及, nod to向某人点头, report to报告, say to告知, shout to对某人大叫, suggest to对某人提建议, speak to与某人交谈, talk to跟某人谈话, whisper to和某人低声耳语。例如：

She suggested to me one or two suitable people for the committee. 她跟我向委员会推举了一两个合适的人选。

c)动词+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb.。此时介词to可译成“到，于，给”等意思：add to 增加, compare to比作, carry to运送至, devote to致力于, introduce to介绍给, invite to邀请参加, join to连接到, leave to委托给, reduce to下降至, sentence to判处, take to带到。例如：

Please add a piece of candy to coffee. 请给咖啡加块糖。

Poets like to compare life to stage. 诗人喜欢把人生比作舞台。

2. be +形容词/过去分词+ to。to的意思是“对…”：be alive to觉察；晓得, be attentive¹ to注意；留心, be awake to知晓, be blind to缺乏眼光, be close to紧挨着, be common to对某人来说很普通, be contrary to违反；反对, be devoted² to致力, be deaf to不愿意听, be equal to有…的力量, be exposed to暴露；遭受, be fair to对…公平, be familiar to对某人来说熟悉, be grateful to对某人心存感激, be good to对…有好处, be harmful to对…有危害, be important to 对…重要, be kind to友好对待, be known to周知于, be married to嫁给, be moved to转移到, be near to靠近, be necessary to对…有必要, be opposite to在对面, be opposed to反对, be pleasant to合某人之意, be proper to专属, be polite to礼貌待人, be rude to粗暴对待, be relative to与…有关, be strange to不习惯, be similar to类似, be suitable to适合, be true to忠实, be thankful to感激, be useful to对…有用, be used to习惯。例如：

Are you alive to what is going on? 你注意到发生什么事了吗？

The old man was not equal to the situation. 那老人不能应付这种情况。

His house is opposite to mine. 他的房子在我的房子对面。

3.to+名词构成的词组有：to a degree在某种程度上, to date到现在为止, to one’s feet跳起来，to one’s mind照…看来, to one’s surprise使…吃惊, to one’s taste符合胃口, to oneself独自享用, to order定做, to the letter不折不扣地, to the point中肯地。

十、WITH

1.动词+ with

a)动词+ with。with接对象或目标，意思为“与…，从…”：agree with同意；适应, begin with从…开始, continue with继续, do with应付, deal with对付, fight with与…作战, fool with愚弄, hurry with忙于, mix with与…混合在一起, meet with偶遇, play with把玩, quarrel with与某人争吵, reason with与某人评理, settle with与人协商。例如：

Let’s begin our class with an English song. 我们以一首英语歌开讲。

I meant to reason with you, but you won’t reason. 我本要与你理论理论，但你不愿意。

b)动词+ sth./sb. + with + sth./sb.。介词with意为“以，用”：compare with 与…比较, combine with与…混合, equip with以…装备, feed with用…喂养, furnish³ with用…装饰, provide with提供, replace with以…替代, supply with供给。例如：

Education must be combined with productive⁴ labour.教育应与生产力相结合。

They replaced slave labour with machines. 他们用机器代替奴工。

2. be +形容词/过去分词+ with。介词with表示情绪的原因、凭借等意思：be angry with恼怒, be annoyed with使烦恼, be busy with忙于, be bored with使烦心, be burdened with担负, be crowded with拥挤着, be connected with与…联系, be covered with覆盖着, be concerned with关心, be content with对…满意, be disappointed with失望于, be delighted with对…感到高兴, be engaged with忙碌于, be exhausted⁵ with由于…而极度疲倦, be filled with充满, be familiar with熟悉, be friendly with对…友好, be occupied with忙碌, be overcome with极为, be popular with受…欢迎, be patient with对…有耐心, be pleased with 对…高兴, be satisfied with满意于, be strict with对…严格, be wrong with有毛病, be wild with因…而欣喜。例如：

He was much annoyed with his son’s behavior. 他对儿子的行为相当恼火。

I’m fully⁶ occupied with my daily work. 我忙碌于日常事务。

When he caught sight of her, he was overcome with despair⁷. 看到她，他非常失望。

3.动词+副词/介词短语+with构成的词组: catch up with赶上, do away with废除,fall in love with爱上, get together with与…联欢,keep in touch with保持联系，keep up with赶上。

综上所述，常用介词搭配在英语中极其丰富，意义复杂多变。掌握这些搭配，对夯实基础、提高英语阅读水平和理解能力是大有裨益的。