托福写作大作文写作技巧
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2020-05-13 10:15 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
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大作文
 
1. 题型(按频率高低排列)
 
1/ Agree or disagree (观点二选一)
 
 
 
2/ 三选一
 
The most important factor that affects the lasting1 time of a friendship is:
 
1) Helping2 the other when a crisis happens;
 
2) Having the same interests;
 
3) Trusting each other completely.
 
3/ 直接提问
 
Every generation of people is different in important ways. How is your generation different from your parents’ generation? Use specific reasons and examples to explain your answer.
 
4/ Compare
 
A friend of yours has received some money and plans to use all of it either to go on vacation or buy a car. Your friend has asked you for advice. Compare your friend’s two choices and explain which one you think your friend should choose. Use specific reasons and details to support your choice.
 
2. 段落结构
 
第一段(以上面第一题为例)
 
第一层:背景(自行选择写或者不写)——用一到时两句话陈述一种现象,引出后续争论观点,如上面第一题(供参考):
 
Internet and public transportation are two aspects of national infrastructure3 worth spending by the government to improve the living quality of its citizens. Yet much has been discussed over which one government budget should lean to.
 
第二层:题干观点或一类人的观点(非作者自己观点)
 
Some would argue that investing on the former is more important than on the latter. (as necessitated4 by the burgeoning5 technology today)
 
第三层:作者自己的观点
 
As far as I am concerned, I would say/ I firmly believe that public transportation is more concerned with people’s everyday life, therefore worth more attention and spending.
 
第二、三段
 
整体而言,二、三段的结构和一场辩论赛类似,在我方一辩(第一段)开题陈述之后,我方二辩可以有以下两种思路:
 
1) 直接陈述我方的理由。如上述问题,可以在第二段写公共交通在很多国家并未完全覆盖所有地区,个别地区依然脱离交通网络,因此需要加大投资实现普惠;在第三段写即使在大城市,交通拥堵现象也很常见,提高大城市的生活质量也需要加大对交通的投资。
 
2) 陈述我方理由后,提及对方辩友的论据,以对方的错误衬托我方的正确性。继续以上述问题为例,第二段可以同时写到偏远地区的交通落后和大城市的交通拥堵使得投资交通显得十分重要,第三段开始设想反方,即支持投资互联网的对方辩友会有什么理由,比如对方可能会说现在是网络时代,当然有必要加大全民的互联网接入,促进经济。对此,你可以反驳说即使偏远地区的电子商务发展起来,如果交通受阻,影响物流,经济也难以带动。
 
PS: 以上论据不同人有不同的看法,我方观点也并不一定无懈可击,但考试只要你的观点合理,重点仍然是你的语言运用能力,这点和GRE是不同的。
 
第四段结尾,重申我方观点即可。也可增加对前段理由的简要总结。
 
3. 词汇和语法
 
理论上说,词汇在使用正确适当的前提下,越高级自然越好(当然,这需要你的积累)。但不要因此而盲目背单词,只要你能够把观点叙述清楚,逻辑清晰,没有语法等错误,哪怕用词一般,分数也不会低。
 
但我们也还是要努力去积累一些正式议论文中使用的词句和语法,比如:Although it is widely accepted that compulsory6 military service, which provides an army with abundant manpower, is beneficial to a country’s ability to defend itself, closer analysis of military efficiency suggests that it is advanced weaponry which plays a crucial role in…
 
在上面这个高级句子中,整体结构是although引导的让步状语从句,从句中用到了which引导的非限制性定语从句,主句中用到了that引导的宾语从句,宾语从句之内又用到了强调句型,在句法上做了自然中状态下的复杂;此外,词汇方面用了abundant代替a lot of,manpower代替常规的human (resource),beneficial代替good,advanced, crucial代替important。
 
除了以上的高级词汇之外,还应注意使用一些连接词,使文章连贯有条理,比如:on the one hand, on the other hand, while (表转折,不是伴随), however, nevertheless, in the first place, To begin with…


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1 lasting IpCz02     
adj.永久的,永恒的;vbl.持续,维持
参考例句:
  • The lasting war debased the value of the dollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。
  • We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。
2 helping 2rGzDc     
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的
参考例句:
  • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
  • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
3 infrastructure UbBz5     
n.下部构造,下部组织,基础结构,基础设施
参考例句:
  • We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
  • We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设,发展各类群众文化。
4 necessitated 584daebbe9eef7edd8f9bba973dc3386     
使…成为必要,需要( necessitate的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Recent financial scandals have necessitated changes in parliamentary procedures. 最近的金融丑闻使得议会程序必须改革。
  • No man is necessitated to do wrong. 没有人是被迫去作错事的。
5 burgeoning f8b25401f10e765adc759ee165d5c1c5     
adj.迅速成长的,迅速发展的v.发芽,抽枝( burgeon的现在分词 );迅速发展;发(芽),抽(枝)
参考例句:
  • Our company's business is burgeoning now. 我们公司的业务现在发展很迅速。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • These efforts were insufficient to contain the burgeoning crisis. 这些努力不足以抑制迅速扩散的危机。 来自辞典例句
6 compulsory 5pVzu     
n.强制的,必修的;规定的,义务的
参考例句:
  • Is English a compulsory subject?英语是必修课吗?
  • Compulsory schooling ends at sixteen.义务教育至16岁为止。
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