一 教育类
1. A nation should require all its students to study the same national
curriculum until they enter college rather than allow schools in different
parts of the nation to determine which academic courses to offer.”

2. While some leaders in government, sports, industry, and other areas
attribute their success to a well-developed sense of competition, a society
can better prepare its young people for leadership by instilling¹ in them a
sense of cooperation.

3. In order to improve the quality of instruction at the college and
university level, all faculty² should be required to spend time working
outside the academic world in professions relevant to the courses they
teach.

4. Universities should require every student to take a variety of courses
outside the student’s field of study because acquiring knowledge of
various academic disciplines is the best way to become truly educated.

5. Colleges and universities should offer more courses on popular music,
film, advertising³, and television because contemporary culture has much
greater relevance⁴ for students than do arts and literature of the past.

6. It is primarily through formal education that a culture tries to
perpetuate⁵ the ideas it favors and discredit⁶ the ideas it fears.

7. Some educational systems emphasize the development of students’
capacity for reasoning and logical thinking, but students would benefit
more from an education that also taught them to explore their own emotions.

8. It is often asserted that the purpose of education is to free the mind
and the spirit. In reality, however, formal education tends to restrain our
minds and spirits rather than set them free.

9. How children are socialized today determines the destiny of society.
Unfortunately, we have not yet learned how to raise children who can help
bring about a better society.

10. Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools.
Education is too important to leave solely⁷ to a group of professional
educators.

11. The purpose of education should be to provide students with a value
system, a standard, a set of ideas—not to prepare them for a specific job.

12. Society should identify those children who have special talents and
abilities and begin training them at an early age so that they can
eventually excel in their areas of ability. Othervise, these talents are
likely to remain undeveloped.

13. Although innovations such as video, computers, and the internet seem to
offer schools improved methods for instructing students, these technologies
all too often distract from real learning.

二 学习类
1. We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than
from people whose vies contradict our own. Disagreement can cause stress
and inhibit⁸ learning.

2. No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their
knowledge and experience to that field of study.

3. Anyone can make things bigger and more complex. What requires real
effort and courage is to move in the opposite direction-in other words, to
make things as simple as possible.

4. Students should memories facts only after they have studied the ideas,
trends, and concepts that help explain those facts. Students who have
learned only facts have learned very little.

5. Scholars and researches should not be concerned with whether their work
makes a contribution to the larger society. It is more important that they
pursue their individual interests, however unusual or idiosyncratic those
interests may seem.

6. In any academic area or professional field, it is just as important to
recognize the limits of our knowledge and understanding as it is to acquire
new facts and information.

7. Facts are stubborn things. They cannot be altered by our wishes, our
inclinations⁹, or the dictates¹⁰ of our passions.

8. Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They
should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.

9. There is no such thing as purely¹¹ objective observation. All observation
is subjective¹²; it is always guided by the observer’s expectations or
desires.

10. The human mind will always be superior to machines because machines are
only tools of human minds.

11. Critical judgment¹³ of work, in any given field has little value unless
comes from someone who is an expert in that field.

12. People who pursue their own intellectual interests for purely personal
reasons are more likely to benefit the rest of the world than are people
who try to act for the public good.

13. Originality¹⁴ does not mean thinking something that was never thought
before; it means putting old ideas together in new ways.

14. The study of ac academic discipline alters the way we perceive the
world. After studying the discipline, we see the same world as before, but
with different eyes.

15. The way students and scholars interpret the materials they work with in
their academic fields is more of personality than of training. Different
interpretations¹⁵ come about when people with different personalities¹⁶ look at
exactly the same objects, facts, data, or events and see different things.

16. As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible,
but more complex and more mysterious.

17. It is a grave mistake to theorize before one has data.