2000年上半年高等教育自学考试全国考试英语（一）试题
时间：2006-09-15 01:35:30
（单词翻译:单击）
PART ONE
I. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each)
从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
1.Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find _________difficult to succeed in language learning.
[A]them
[B]themselves
[C]it
[D]itself
2.Television ads are short, but they are repeated over and over again ________the audience sees and hears them many times.
[A]in that
[B]so that
[C]as to
[D]so as
3. The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific, _______it is still very large.
[A]but
[B]and
[C]so
[D]therefore
4.No one has been able to prove that fish is _____ better for the brain than many other kinds of food.
[A]some
[B]so
[C]as
[D]any
5. Tomatoes were once called love apples and were supposed to make those who ate them ____in love.
[A]fell
[B]feel
[C]fall
[D]felt
6.Washing food down with water as a ________for chewing is not a good habit.
[A]direction
[B]substitute
[C]possibility
[D]resource
7. It is important to realize that the same technology _______helps us may also harm us.
[A]as
[B]that
[C]what
[D]when
8.Science began to develop rapidly when man laid _______his wrong beliefs and began to seek true explanations.
[A]out
[B]down
[C]aside
[D]outside
9.Remember,nothing hurts concentration __________reading too slowly.
[A]rather than
[B]as well as
[c]more than
[D]instead of
10. More and more people are realizing that there is a ________between heart disease and the way one lives.
[A]correspondence
[B]comparison
[C]connection
[D]consequence
II. Cloze Test (10 points,1point for each)
下列短文有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that men and animals possess, if they are properly used. If fire did not hurt when it burnt, children would play with it __11___their hands were burnt away, ___12____,if pain existed but fear did not, a child would burn itself again and again, because fear would not __13___it to keep away from the fire that had burnt it before. Fear and pain are there fore1 two guards ___14___which men and animals might soon die out.
In the first sentence we suggest that fear ought to be properly used. If ,____15_______,you never go out of your house ___16_____of the danger of being knocked down and killed in the street by a car, you are letting fear rule you too ___17____.
Even in your house you are not absolutely ___18____:an airplane may crash on your house or you may get cancer!
The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but ____19______to use fear as your servant and guide. Fear will warn you of dangers; ____20____you have to decide what action to take.
11.[a]because [b]if [c]though [d]until
12.[a]Generally [b]Probably [c]Similarly [d]Consequently
13.[a]warn [b]request [c]manage [d]protect
14.[a]with [b]without [c]for [d]against
15.[a]after all [b]by chance [c]for example [d]in fact
16.[a]regardless [b]because [c]in terms [d]in front
17.[a]little [b]more [c]many [d]much
18.[a]firm [b]calm [c]safe [d]strong
19.[a]instead [b]better [c]similarly [d]further
20.[a]then [b]otherwise [c]likewise [d]even
III. Reading comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each)
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
The problem of leisure is new. Until very recent times people worked each day to the limit of their strength. Of course there were always a privileged (有特权的)few who had leisure; but most men had to work 12, 14, or even 16 hours a day, six days a week. As late as 1840 the average factory worker labored2 72 hours a week. "Sunup to sundown" was the farmer's day, or as another phrase puts it, "from can to can't."
Today, working less than a 40-hour week, people enjoy more leisure time. Hence, the wise use of leisure time has become an important problem for everyone, young or old. It is a particularly difficult problem for the sick, the aged3, and those who have retired4 from earning a living. Those people have so much leisure that it is hard for them to find interesting and worthwhile ways to use it .
However short the work week becomes, work is still the most important part of life. We do not work to get leisure and the pleasures leisure brings us; rather, we use leisure wisely so that work itself can become awarding and enjoyable. The feeling of success at doing one's daily work-whether it is a job, maintaining a home, or going to school-depends largely on coming to it each day with fresh energy and active interest.
Leisure and recreation (消遗)go together, though they are not necessarily the same thing. "Recreation" has and obvious meaning. It is the kind of leisure activity that brings "re-creation" of strength and spirit. When one speaks of making good use of leisure, he means choosing recreational activities which contribute to health, growth, and spirit.
21. The phrase "from can to can't" in Paragraph 1 means ________.
[a]from beginning to end
[b]from birth to death
[c]from morning to night
[d]from time to time
22.How to spend leisure time wisely is not a particularly difficult problem for people _______.
[a]who are very busy everyday
[b]who are sick in bed
[c]who are aged and in good health
[d]who have retired from work
23.How does the author look at work and leisure?
[a]We work hard so that we can enjoy more leisure.
[b]We enjoy leisure so that we can come back to work with fresh energy.
[c]Leisure can bring us a lot of pleasures that work can not.
[d]The success of work has little to do with how we spend our leisure time.
24. What is the relationship between leisure and recreation, according to the author?
[a]Leisure and recreation are closely related.
[b]Leisure and recreation are identical.
[c]Recreation covers all kinds of leisure activities.
[d]Recreation does not belong to any leisure activity.
25. From the passage we know that __________.
[a]leisure has been an old problem since ancient times
[b]leisure can not be replaced as the most important part of life
[c]our success in work is mostly determined5 by whether we use leisure wisely
[d]good recreational activities contribute greatly to health, growth and spirit
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Each nation has its own peculiar6 character which distinguishes8 it from others. But the peoples of the world have more points in common than points in which they differ. One type of person that is common in every country is the one who always tries to do as little as possible and to get as much as possible in return. His opposite, the man who is in the habit of doing more than is strictly9 necessary and who is ready to accept what is offered in return, is rare everywhere.
Both these types are usually unconscious of their character. The man who avoids effort is always talking about his "rights": he appears to think that society owes him a pleasant, easy life. The man who is always doing more than his share talks of "duties": he feels that the individual is in debt to society, and not society to the individual. As a result of their views, neither of these men thinks that he behaves at all strangely.
The man who tries to do as little as he can is always full of excuses: if he has neglected to do something, it was because he had a headache, or the weather was too hot -or too cold- or because he was prevented by bad luck. At first, other people, such as his friends and his employer, generously accept his stories; but soon they realize what kind of person he is .In the long run he deceives only himself. When his friends become cool towards him and he fails to make progress in his job, he is surprised and hurt. He blames everyone and everything except himself. He feels that society is failing in its duties towards him, and that he is being unjustly treated.
26.The central idea of Paragraph 1 is that __________.
[a]each nation is peculiar enough to enable us to distinguish7 it from others
[b]the peoples of the world are as alike as they are different
[c]the peoples of the world have more similarities than differences
[d]those who do more than is strictly necessary are common in every country
27. According to Paragraph 1, the man who does more than is required __________.
[a]is ready to accept what the society offers him
[b]expects nothing in return for his work
[c]feels that he is under heavy debt
[d]thinks this makes his life easy
28.Those who try to do as little as possible __________.
[a]envy others' good luck
[b]are good story-tellers
[c]supply false reasons for their lack of responsibility
[d]think that their opposites owe them a pleasant life
29. The phrase "in the long run"(Paragraph 3)is closest in meaning to "___________".
[a]in practice
[b]in the end
[c]in effect
[d]in no time
30.It can be inferred from the passage that people who cheat _________.
[a]will be unjustly treated
[b]will cheat only themselves eventually
[c]will change their behavior
[d]will get surprised by their own stories
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
The government may control prices when where is a problem such as rapidly increasing rents or a rise in the cost of living. When the government controls prices, there is no longer a normal relationship between the price of a product and the quantity consumers will buy. Government controls may help in an emergency (紧急情况)。However, some economists10 believe that controls can have negative effects over a long period of time.
In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord (房主)can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartments. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics (批评者) say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent -controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage11 of apartments in the city.
Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about rent control, price control and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if "other things are equal.
Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, However, that there are no simple answers to economic questions.
31.Accirdubg to Paragraph 1, price control ____________.
[a]does more harm than good
[b]is good in every sense
[c]is necessary but harmful in the long term
[d]should be avoided
32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that ________.
[a]thanks to rent control, it would be easier for many to find apartments
[b]landlords may take back their apartments if the rent is too low
[c]the tighter the rent control is, the less new apartments will be built
[d]landlords will not invest in other businesses after price control is approved by the government
33.Which of the following do all economists agree on ?
[a]controls can have negative effects over a long period of time.
[b]The government must take measures to control rent increase.
[c]The maximum rent system protects people who don't have their own houses.
[d]Economic questions are difficult to deal with.
34.The attitude of the author to price control is ________.
[a]subjective
[b]objective
[c]indifferent
[d]supportive
35. The purpose of this passage is to ________.
[A]argue
[b]persuade
[c]analyze
[d]describe
PART TWO
IV. Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two words)
将下列汉语单词不达意译成英语并写在答题纸上。每个词的词类和第一个字母已在答题纸上给出。首字母后的每条短线上只写一个字母。
36、广场
37、珍贵的
38、口袋
39、假装
40、各种各样的
41、挑战
42、完美的
43、想象
44、包含
45、心脏
46、直径
47、海滩
48、诚实的
49、坚持
50、法官；裁判员
51、最少的
52、信息；口信
53、省略
54、律师
55、操作
V. Word Form (10 points, 1 point for each)
将括号中的各词变为适当形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。
56. Sometimes information in the long-term memory____________(be ) hard to remember.
57. In the 1600's, travelers from Europe __________(bring) back diamonds from India.
58. Insurance fundamentals can ______(understand) by those willing to study them.
59. He wanted the letter ________(mail) at once.
60. We become used to _________(see) blood on the news on television, or in full color in newspapers and magazines.
61.As a generally __________(accept) medium of exchange, money rules out the need for the direct exchange of one item for another.
62. Almost everyone spends a considerable amount of present moments ____________(worry) about the future.
63. Out region _______(make) great advances over the past ten years.
64. Well-organized material is __________(well) remembered than jumbled12 information.
65. If we __________(not have) air, there would be no sound.
VI. Translation from Chinese into English (15 points, 3points for each)
将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。
66、对初学者来说， 用英语思维比说英语更难。
67、据说有些吃鹿肉的原始人能跑得象鹿一样飞快。
68、要是昨天他早一点回到家，他的女儿就不会把他的手表拆了。
69、要找到与你观点相同的学生并不容易。
70、在你的朋友中有多少人从来未犯过法呢？
VII. Translation from English into Chinese (15 points)
将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。
Many of the plants and animals from which our food comes can produce themselves quite well without our help. Fish, for example, live and breed according to their own life pattern. Human "producers" then come with nets and fishing poles to take the fish from the water.
In our specialized13 world, however, it is not always possible to let our food grow in its own way. A relatively14 small number of people are responsible for producing large quantities of food. In order to perform such a function effectively, it is necessary for them to raise cattle and grow crops in a fairly concentrated area.
Fishing, livestock(家畜)breeding, and fruit, vegetable, and grain growing are among the more commonly known food-production industries.
I. Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point for each)
从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
1.Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find _________difficult to succeed in language learning.
[A]them
[B]themselves
[C]it
[D]itself
2.Television ads are short, but they are repeated over and over again ________the audience sees and hears them many times.
[A]in that
[B]so that
[C]as to
[D]so as
3. The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific, _______it is still very large.
[A]but
[B]and
[C]so
[D]therefore
4.No one has been able to prove that fish is _____ better for the brain than many other kinds of food.
[A]some
[B]so
[C]as
[D]any
5. Tomatoes were once called love apples and were supposed to make those who ate them ____in love.
[A]fell
[B]feel
[C]fall
[D]felt
6.Washing food down with water as a ________for chewing is not a good habit.
[A]direction
[B]substitute
[C]possibility
[D]resource
7. It is important to realize that the same technology _______helps us may also harm us.
[A]as
[B]that
[C]what
[D]when
8.Science began to develop rapidly when man laid _______his wrong beliefs and began to seek true explanations.
[A]out
[B]down
[C]aside
[D]outside
9.Remember,nothing hurts concentration __________reading too slowly.
[A]rather than
[B]as well as
[c]more than
[D]instead of
10. More and more people are realizing that there is a ________between heart disease and the way one lives.
[A]correspondence
[B]comparison
[C]connection
[D]consequence
II. Cloze Test (10 points,1point for each)
下列短文有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that men and animals possess, if they are properly used. If fire did not hurt when it burnt, children would play with it __11___their hands were burnt away, ___12____,if pain existed but fear did not, a child would burn itself again and again, because fear would not __13___it to keep away from the fire that had burnt it before. Fear and pain are there fore1 two guards ___14___which men and animals might soon die out.
In the first sentence we suggest that fear ought to be properly used. If ,____15_______,you never go out of your house ___16_____of the danger of being knocked down and killed in the street by a car, you are letting fear rule you too ___17____.
Even in your house you are not absolutely ___18____:an airplane may crash on your house or you may get cancer!
The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but ____19______to use fear as your servant and guide. Fear will warn you of dangers; ____20____you have to decide what action to take.
11.[a]because [b]if [c]though [d]until
12.[a]Generally [b]Probably [c]Similarly [d]Consequently
13.[a]warn [b]request [c]manage [d]protect
14.[a]with [b]without [c]for [d]against
15.[a]after all [b]by chance [c]for example [d]in fact
16.[a]regardless [b]because [c]in terms [d]in front
17.[a]little [b]more [c]many [d]much
18.[a]firm [b]calm [c]safe [d]strong
19.[a]instead [b]better [c]similarly [d]further
20.[a]then [b]otherwise [c]likewise [d]even
III. Reading comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each)
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将相应的字母涂黑。
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
The problem of leisure is new. Until very recent times people worked each day to the limit of their strength. Of course there were always a privileged (有特权的)few who had leisure; but most men had to work 12, 14, or even 16 hours a day, six days a week. As late as 1840 the average factory worker labored2 72 hours a week. "Sunup to sundown" was the farmer's day, or as another phrase puts it, "from can to can't."
Today, working less than a 40-hour week, people enjoy more leisure time. Hence, the wise use of leisure time has become an important problem for everyone, young or old. It is a particularly difficult problem for the sick, the aged3, and those who have retired4 from earning a living. Those people have so much leisure that it is hard for them to find interesting and worthwhile ways to use it .
However short the work week becomes, work is still the most important part of life. We do not work to get leisure and the pleasures leisure brings us; rather, we use leisure wisely so that work itself can become awarding and enjoyable. The feeling of success at doing one's daily work-whether it is a job, maintaining a home, or going to school-depends largely on coming to it each day with fresh energy and active interest.
Leisure and recreation (消遗)go together, though they are not necessarily the same thing. "Recreation" has and obvious meaning. It is the kind of leisure activity that brings "re-creation" of strength and spirit. When one speaks of making good use of leisure, he means choosing recreational activities which contribute to health, growth, and spirit.
21. The phrase "from can to can't" in Paragraph 1 means ________.
[a]from beginning to end
[b]from birth to death
[c]from morning to night
[d]from time to time
22.How to spend leisure time wisely is not a particularly difficult problem for people _______.
[a]who are very busy everyday
[b]who are sick in bed
[c]who are aged and in good health
[d]who have retired from work
23.How does the author look at work and leisure?
[a]We work hard so that we can enjoy more leisure.
[b]We enjoy leisure so that we can come back to work with fresh energy.
[c]Leisure can bring us a lot of pleasures that work can not.
[d]The success of work has little to do with how we spend our leisure time.
24. What is the relationship between leisure and recreation, according to the author?
[a]Leisure and recreation are closely related.
[b]Leisure and recreation are identical.
[c]Recreation covers all kinds of leisure activities.
[d]Recreation does not belong to any leisure activity.
25. From the passage we know that __________.
[a]leisure has been an old problem since ancient times
[b]leisure can not be replaced as the most important part of life
[c]our success in work is mostly determined5 by whether we use leisure wisely
[d]good recreational activities contribute greatly to health, growth and spirit
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Each nation has its own peculiar6 character which distinguishes8 it from others. But the peoples of the world have more points in common than points in which they differ. One type of person that is common in every country is the one who always tries to do as little as possible and to get as much as possible in return. His opposite, the man who is in the habit of doing more than is strictly9 necessary and who is ready to accept what is offered in return, is rare everywhere.
Both these types are usually unconscious of their character. The man who avoids effort is always talking about his "rights": he appears to think that society owes him a pleasant, easy life. The man who is always doing more than his share talks of "duties": he feels that the individual is in debt to society, and not society to the individual. As a result of their views, neither of these men thinks that he behaves at all strangely.
The man who tries to do as little as he can is always full of excuses: if he has neglected to do something, it was because he had a headache, or the weather was too hot -or too cold- or because he was prevented by bad luck. At first, other people, such as his friends and his employer, generously accept his stories; but soon they realize what kind of person he is .In the long run he deceives only himself. When his friends become cool towards him and he fails to make progress in his job, he is surprised and hurt. He blames everyone and everything except himself. He feels that society is failing in its duties towards him, and that he is being unjustly treated.
26.The central idea of Paragraph 1 is that __________.
[a]each nation is peculiar enough to enable us to distinguish7 it from others
[b]the peoples of the world are as alike as they are different
[c]the peoples of the world have more similarities than differences
[d]those who do more than is strictly necessary are common in every country
27. According to Paragraph 1, the man who does more than is required __________.
[a]is ready to accept what the society offers him
[b]expects nothing in return for his work
[c]feels that he is under heavy debt
[d]thinks this makes his life easy
28.Those who try to do as little as possible __________.
[a]envy others' good luck
[b]are good story-tellers
[c]supply false reasons for their lack of responsibility
[d]think that their opposites owe them a pleasant life
29. The phrase "in the long run"(Paragraph 3)is closest in meaning to "___________".
[a]in practice
[b]in the end
[c]in effect
[d]in no time
30.It can be inferred from the passage that people who cheat _________.
[a]will be unjustly treated
[b]will cheat only themselves eventually
[c]will change their behavior
[d]will get surprised by their own stories
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
The government may control prices when where is a problem such as rapidly increasing rents or a rise in the cost of living. When the government controls prices, there is no longer a normal relationship between the price of a product and the quantity consumers will buy. Government controls may help in an emergency (紧急情况)。However, some economists10 believe that controls can have negative effects over a long period of time.
In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord (房主)can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartments. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics (批评者) say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent -controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage11 of apartments in the city.
Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about rent control, price control and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if "other things are equal.
Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, However, that there are no simple answers to economic questions.
31.Accirdubg to Paragraph 1, price control ____________.
[a]does more harm than good
[b]is good in every sense
[c]is necessary but harmful in the long term
[d]should be avoided
32.It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that ________.
[a]thanks to rent control, it would be easier for many to find apartments
[b]landlords may take back their apartments if the rent is too low
[c]the tighter the rent control is, the less new apartments will be built
[d]landlords will not invest in other businesses after price control is approved by the government
33.Which of the following do all economists agree on ?
[a]controls can have negative effects over a long period of time.
[b]The government must take measures to control rent increase.
[c]The maximum rent system protects people who don't have their own houses.
[d]Economic questions are difficult to deal with.
34.The attitude of the author to price control is ________.
[a]subjective
[b]objective
[c]indifferent
[d]supportive
35. The purpose of this passage is to ________.
[A]argue
[b]persuade
[c]analyze
[d]describe
PART TWO
IV. Word Spelling (10 points, 1 point for two words)
将下列汉语单词不达意译成英语并写在答题纸上。每个词的词类和第一个字母已在答题纸上给出。首字母后的每条短线上只写一个字母。
36、广场
37、珍贵的
38、口袋
39、假装
40、各种各样的
41、挑战
42、完美的
43、想象
44、包含
45、心脏
46、直径
47、海滩
48、诚实的
49、坚持
50、法官；裁判员
51、最少的
52、信息；口信
53、省略
54、律师
55、操作
V. Word Form (10 points, 1 point for each)
将括号中的各词变为适当形式填入空白。答案写在答题纸上。
56. Sometimes information in the long-term memory____________(be ) hard to remember.
57. In the 1600's, travelers from Europe __________(bring) back diamonds from India.
58. Insurance fundamentals can ______(understand) by those willing to study them.
59. He wanted the letter ________(mail) at once.
60. We become used to _________(see) blood on the news on television, or in full color in newspapers and magazines.
61.As a generally __________(accept) medium of exchange, money rules out the need for the direct exchange of one item for another.
62. Almost everyone spends a considerable amount of present moments ____________(worry) about the future.
63. Out region _______(make) great advances over the past ten years.
64. Well-organized material is __________(well) remembered than jumbled12 information.
65. If we __________(not have) air, there would be no sound.
VI. Translation from Chinese into English (15 points, 3points for each)
将下列各句译成英语并将答案写在答题纸上。
66、对初学者来说， 用英语思维比说英语更难。
67、据说有些吃鹿肉的原始人能跑得象鹿一样飞快。
68、要是昨天他早一点回到家，他的女儿就不会把他的手表拆了。
69、要找到与你观点相同的学生并不容易。
70、在你的朋友中有多少人从来未犯过法呢？
VII. Translation from English into Chinese (15 points)
将下列短文译成汉语并将答案写在答题纸上。
Many of the plants and animals from which our food comes can produce themselves quite well without our help. Fish, for example, live and breed according to their own life pattern. Human "producers" then come with nets and fishing poles to take the fish from the water.
In our specialized13 world, however, it is not always possible to let our food grow in its own way. A relatively14 small number of people are responsible for producing large quantities of food. In order to perform such a function effectively, it is necessary for them to raise cattle and grow crops in a fairly concentrated area.
Fishing, livestock(家畜)breeding, and fruit, vegetable, and grain growing are among the more commonly known food-production industries.
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1
fore
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| adv.在前面；adj.先前的；在前部的；n.前部 | |
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2
labored
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| adj.吃力的，谨慎的v.努力争取(for)( labor的过去式和过去分词 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转 | |
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aged
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| adj.年老的，陈年的 | |
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retired
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| adj.隐退的，退休的，退役的 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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peculiar
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| adj.古怪的，异常的；特殊的，特有的 | |
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7
distinguish
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| vt.区别，辩明，识别，辨认出；vi.区别，辨别，识别 | |
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8
distinguishes
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| 辨别，区别( distinguish的第三人称单数 )； 使出众； （凭任何感觉器官）识别出； 看清 | |
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9
strictly
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| adv.严厉地，严格地；严密地 | |
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economists
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| n.经济学家，经济专家( economist的名词复数 ) | |
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11
shortage
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| n.缺少，缺乏，不足 | |
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jumbled
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| adj.混乱的；杂乱的 | |
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13
specialized
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| adj.专门的，专业化的 | |
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14
relatively
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| adv.比较...地，相对地 | |
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