一、代词的定义、分类
代词是用来指代名词、形容词、数词的词。代词在句中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。?
二、代词的分类 ?
在英语中,代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、相互代词、连接代词、关系代词和不定代词九大类。?
代词在英语中使用极为广泛,它的使用可以使句子显得简洁明快,但若使用不当也容易造成理解上的偏差。?
三、人称代词?
表示“你、我、他(她、它)”,“你们、我们、他们(她们、它们)”的词称为人称代词。它有人称、数和格的变化。 1.?人称代词的一般用法?
1).人称代词作主语(使用主格)?
I like English and maths very much.?我非常喜欢英语和数学。?
She reads English words every morning.?她每天早晨读英语单词。?
You are my good frien D. 你是我的好朋友。?
They don ' t talk in class. 他们上课不讲话。?
You, she and I are all good at playing football.?你、我和她都擅长踢足球。?
2).人称代词作宾语(使用宾格)?
Miss Mily teaches us dancing.?米莉小姐教我们舞蹈。?
Her grandma likes her very much.?她的祖母很喜欢她。?
I bought a fresh flower for her.?我给她买了一束鲜花。?
Mr Ma wants me to work out the problem.?马老师想让我解答这道题。?
Don' t
disturb1 them. They're
reading2 in the library.?
别打扰他们。他们正在图书馆里读书。?
#3) 人称代词作表语(常用宾格形式)?
—Who is there? 谁在那儿??
—It's me. 是我。?
—Who is crying in the room? 谁正在房间里哭??
—It's her. 是她。?
注意. 介词后面只能跟人称代词的宾格作宾语,不能接主格。 例如:?
{ There is a desk between you and I.(误)?
There is a desk between you and me.(正) ?
{ Here's a Christmas card for she.(误)?
Here's a Christmas card for her.(正)
2.?特殊用法的人称代词?
1)it的特殊用法?
①it表示人以外的单数东西或动物,意为“它”。例如:?
—Where's my bag? 我的书包呢??
—It's over there. 它在那儿。?
—Could you find a bird in the picture??
你能找到图中的一只小鸟吗??
—Yes, it's in the tree. 能,它在树上。?
②指代天气?
How cold it was yesterday! 昨天真冷啊!?
—What's the weather like today? 今天天气如何??
—It's rainy. 有雨。?
③指代时间?
—What's the time? 几点了??
—It's seven o'clock. 七点了。?
④指代距离?
—How far is it from here? 离这儿多远??
—It's five minutes'walk. 步行五分钟的路程。?
⑤作形式主语?
It's good to take enough exercise. 多锻炼有好处。?
It's better to do everything carefully.?做事认真比较好。?
⑥作形式宾语?
He found it very interesting to be on Internet.?他发现上网很有趣。?
I found it very hard to get on with her.?我发觉与她相处很难。?
She finds it necessary to get up early in the morning. 她发现早上早起床很有必要。
2).she的特殊用法?
she除了指女性外,还可以用来指国家、月亮、大地、船只等自然界的东西。例如:?
The moon is shining brightly tonight. She looks like a round plate.
今晚的月光很明亮,她好像一个大圆盘一样。?
China is my motherlan D. I'll love her
forever3.?中国是我的祖国。我将永远爱她。?
3).we, you, they的特殊用法?
we, you, they有时并非指特定的人,翻译时不必译出来。例如:?
We had a heavy snow yesterday.?昨天下了一场大雪。?
You don't grow any
crops4 here.?这儿,人们不种庄稼。?
They speak Chinese in China.在中国,人们说汉语。?
3.?人称代词的排列顺序?
英语中,当说话者(I或we)提到自己和别人时,习惯上常把自己摆在最后一个位置,以表示谦虚和礼貌。例如: ?
You, she and I passed the exam.?我、你和她都通过了考试。?
在承认错误或自我批评时,说话者有时也把自己居于其他人称之前。例如:?
I and he are to
blame5. 我和他都要受批评。?
You and I是固定结构,即使在承认错误时,词序也不变化。例如: ?
You and I are to blame. 我和你都要受批评。
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